Genome Wide Transcriptomic Analysis of <i>WRKY</i>Gene Family Response to Biotic Stresses in <i>Malus</i>×<i>domestica</i>

Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is a perennial woody plant that often suffers from various biological stresses. Many harmful pathogens can infect apple trees and lead to reduced production. We comprehensively identified the WRKY genes in the apple genome and analyzed their expression in response to several biological stressors, including Alternaria alternata, Pythium ultimum, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Erwinia amylovora, Penicillium expansum, Gymnosporangium yamadae, and Apple replant disease. There were 113 MdWRKYs identified in the apple genome. Twenty-two MdWRKYs were differentially expressed in response to at least five pathogens. Promoter sequence analysis showed that these genes carried many defense- and stress-responsive elements, such as MeJA-response elements, salicylic acid-response elements, and W-box elements, in their promoters. Transient expression assays showed that MdWRKY40a and MdWRKY54h played negative roles in defense against B. dothidea infection. WRKY40 and WRKY60 and the MdWKRY33s might play important roles in responding to pathogens and are conserved in some plants. These differentially expressed MdWRKYs might play key roles in the apple response to multiple pathogens.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE： This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of auditory hallucination of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. DATA SOURCES： Online literature retrieval was conducted using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from January 1985 to May 2012. Key words were ＂transcranial magnetic stimulation＂, ＂TMS＂, ＂repetitive tran- scranial magnetic stimulation＂, and ＂hallucination＂. STUDY SELECTION： Selected studies were randomized controlled trials assessing therapeutic ef- ficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for hallucination in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Experimental intervention was low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in left temporoparietal cortex for treatment of auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Control groups received sham stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The primary outcome was total scores of Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale, Auditory Hallucination Subscale of Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale-Auditory Hallucination item, and Hallucination Change Scale. Secondary outcomes included response rate, global mental state, adverse effects and cognitive function. RESULTS： Seventeen studies addressing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders were screened, with controls receiving sham stimulation. All data were completely effective, involving 398 patients. Overall mean weighted effect size for repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus sham stimulation was statistically significant （MD = -0.42, 95%C/： -0.64 to -0.20, P = 0.000 2）. Patients receiving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation responded more frequently than sham stimulation （OR = 2.94, 95%C/： 1.39 to 6.24, P =0.005）. No significant differences were found between active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and sham stimulation for positive or negative symptoms. Compared with sham stimulation, active repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation had equivocal outcome in cognitive function and commonly caused headache and facial muscle twitching. CONCLUSION： Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a safe and effective treatment for auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders,

Antidepressants for bipolar disorder A meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, controlled trials

OBJECTIVE： To examine the efficacy and safety of short-term and long-term use of antidepres- sants in the treatment of bipolar disorder. DATA SOURCES： A literature search of randomized, double-blind, controlled trials published until December 2012 was performed using the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. The keywords ＂bipolar disorder, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, bipolar mania, bipolar depression, cyclothymia, mixed mania and depression, rapid cycling and bipolar disorder＂, AND ＂antidepressant agent, antidepressive agents second- generation, antidepressive agents tricyclic, monoamine oxidase inhibitor, noradrenaline uptake in- hibitor, serotonin uptake inhibitor, and tricyclic antidepressant agent＂ were used. The studies that were listed in the reference list of the published papers but were not retrieved in the above-mentioned databases were supplemented. STUDY SELECTION： Studies selected were double-blind randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy and safety of antidepressants in patients with bipolar disorder. All participants were aged 18 years or older, and were diagnosed as having primary bipolar disorder. Antidepressants or antidepressants combined with mood stabilizers were used in experimental interventions. Placebos, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics and other antide pressants were used in the control interventions. Studies that were quasi-randomized studies, or used antidepressants in combination with antipsy- chotics in the experimental group were excluded. All analyses were conducted using Review Man- ager 5.1 provided by the Cochrane Collaboration.

7, 8-dihydroxycoumarin improves neurological function in a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury

In the present study, a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury was treated with intraperitoneal injection of 7, 8-dihydroxycoumarin （10, 5, or 2.5 mg/kg per day）. Western blot and real-time PCR results showed that growth associated protein 43 expression was significantly increased in the L4-6 segments of the spinal cord. The amplitude and velocity of motor nerve conduction in the sciatic nerve were significantly increased in model mice. In addition, the appearance of the myelin sheath in the injured sciatic nerve was regular, with an even thickness and clear outline, and the surrounding fibroplasia was not obvious. Our results indicate that 7, 8-dihydroxycoumarin can promote the repair of injured nerve by upregulating growth associated protein 43 expression in the corresponding spinal cord segments of mice with sciatic nerve injury.

Hippocampal mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase activity and gene expression in a rat model of chronic cerebral ischemia

The present study established a rat model of chronic cerebral ischemia using bilateral common carotid artery permanent ligation to analyze cytochrome C oxidase activity and mRNA expression in hippocampal mitochondria. Results showed significantly decreased cytochrome C oxidase activity and cytochrome C oxidase II mRNA expression with prolonged ischemia time. Further analysis revealed five mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase II gene mutations, two newly generated mutations, and four absent mutational sites at 1 month after cerebral ischemia, as well as three mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase III gene mutations, including two newly generating mutations, and one disappeared mutational site at 1 month after cerebral ischemia. Results demonstrated that decreased cytochrome C oxidase gene expression and mutations, as well as decreased cytochrome C oxidase activity, resulting in energy dysmetabolism, which has been shown to be involved in the DatholoQical Process of ischemic brain iniurv.

How to Achieve Both “Physical Isolation” and “Secure File Transfer” under the State of Strong Supervision

Communication security involves all aspects of the country and society,and financial security is of top priority.Through strong supervision and strong technical means,a“semaphore”file exchange station is established.The data transmission system is composed of a sending server,a receiving server,and a“semaphore”communication box.Physical connections between internal and external networks are eliminated to achieve the purpose of“physical isolation”and“secure file transfer”.

SmartEagleEye:A Cloud-Oriented Webshell Detection System Based on Dynamic Gray-Box and Deep Learning

Compared with traditional environments,the cloud environment exposes online services to additional vulnerabilities and threats of cyber attacks,and the cyber security of cloud platforms is becoming increasingly prominent.A piece of code,known as a Webshell,is usually uploaded to the target servers to achieve multiple attacks.Preventing Webshell attacks has become a hot spot in current research.Moreover,the traditional Webshell detectors are not built for the cloud,making it highly difficult to play a defensive role in the cloud environment.SmartEagleEye,a Webshell detection system based on deep learning that is successfully applied in various scenarios,is proposed in this paper.This system contains two important components:gray-box and neural network analyzers.The gray-box analyzer defines a series of rules and algorithms for extracting static and dynamic behaviors from the code to make the decision jointly.The neural network analyzer transforms suspicious code into Operation Code(OPCODE)sequences,turning the detection task into a classification problem.Comprehensive experiment results show that SmartEagleEye achieves an encouraging high detection rate and an acceptable false-positive rate,which indicate its capability to provide good protection for the cloud environment.

Multi-layered roles of BBX proteins in plant growth and development

Light and phytohormone are external and internal cues that regulate plant growth and development throughout their life cycle.BBXs(B-box domain proteins)are a group of zinc finger proteins that not only directly govern the transcription of target genes but also associate with other factors to create a meticulous regulatory network to precisely regulate numerous aspects of growth and developmental processes in plants.Recent studies demonstrate that BBXs play pivotal roles in light-controlled plant growth and development.Besides,BBXs have been documented to regulate phytohormone-mediated physiological procedures.In this review,we summarize and highlight the multi-faced role of BBXs,with a focus in photomorphogenesis,photoperiodic flowering,shade avoidance,abiotic stress,and phytohormone-mediated growth and development in plant.

How to Enhance Brand Value of Smart Service Enterprises Based on Tobin Q:A Financial Perspective Investigation of China's Property Industry

The development of digital technology and the construction of smart cities urge service enterprises to seek competitive advantages by building smart service brands.However,there are few studies explore the brand value,brand strategies,and corresponding business strategies of smart service providers from the financial perspective.This paper selects listed property companies from China as the sample and explores the value of the smart community service brand of property enterprises based on the observation data.This research introduces the market value measurement index(Tobin q)and discounted cash flow model(DCF)to explore the influence of diversified brand strategies through combining smart brand strategy with naming strategies and business strategies on brand value.The results show that smart community service brand has a significant impact on firms'market value.Compared with the brand extension strategy,the adoption of brand renewal strategy will significantly affect market value.Further,the development of smart value-added services by enterprises will exert a positive impact on their market value.However,the stakeholders are not optimistic about smart technical services by property companies,which could reduce shareholders'expectations of the market value of enterprises.

Chromatic number and subtrees of graphs

让的 G 和 H 是二张图。如果 G 有对 H 同形的导致的 subgraph，我们说 G 导致 H：A。

Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 42 deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study

This study described the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients who died from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection,and pointed out the potential risk factors associated with fatal outcomes.Retrospective data from 42 death cases due to SARS-CoV-2 infection at Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China was analyzed.Demographics,clinical detection,laboratory findings,and treatments of the deceased were collected and analyzed.The average time between onset of symptoms and admission to the hospitals was 11±5 days of hospitalization.Among the deceased,60%were with co-morbidities.All of them were having fever and bilateral pneumonia on computed tomography,abnormal infection-related biomarkers,and renal impairment.Abnormal blood coagulation parameters that appeared in more than half of them,were consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation.All of the patients were treated in the ICU.Based on the fact that SARS-CoV-2 infection carries a risk of mortality,we may infer a few older male patients with underlying comorbidities are likely to have the increased risk.Impaired consciousness level,markers of renal impairment and coagulation abnormalities may be poor prognostic factors.