Earthq Sci 2023(36):254-281 Doi:10.1016/j.eqs.2023.04.002 In the original version of this article,the important funding source was inadvertently omitted in Acknowledgement section.The corrected one is as follows.
As dense seismic arrays at different scales are deployed,the techniques to make full use of array data with low computing cost become increasingly needed.The wave gradiometry method(WGM)is a new branch in seismic tomo...As dense seismic arrays at different scales are deployed,the techniques to make full use of array data with low computing cost become increasingly needed.The wave gradiometry method(WGM)is a new branch in seismic tomography,which utilizes the spatial gradients of the wavefield to determine the phase velocity,wave propagation direction,geometrical spreading,and radiation pattern.Seismic wave propagation parameters obtained using the WGM can be further applied to invert 3D velocity models,Q values,and anisotropy at lithospheric(crust and/or mantle)and smaller scales(e.g.,industrial oilfield or fault zone).Herein,we review the theoretical foundation,technical development,and major applications of the WGM,and compared the WGM with other commonly used major array imaging methods.Future development of the WGM is also discussed.展开更多
Aqueous rechargeable batteries(ARBs)are generally safer than non-aqueous analogues,they are also less-expensive,and more friendly to the environment.However,the inherent disadvantage of the narrow electrochemical wind...Aqueous rechargeable batteries(ARBs)are generally safer than non-aqueous analogues,they are also less-expensive,and more friendly to the environment.However,the inherent disadvantage of the narrow electrochemical window of H2O seriously restricts the energy density and output voltage of ARBs,especially aqueous rechargeable Fe-based batteries.Herein,we introduce a new battery system:the anode contains C@Fe/Fe_(2)O_(3)composite,which is interfaced with an alkaline electrolyte;the cathode contains LiMn_(2)O_()in contact with a neutral electrolyte.A Li^(+)-conducting membrane is carefully selected to decouple the electrode-electrolyte,which effectively widens the electrochemical window to above 2.65 V,thereby enables an aqueous rechargeable iron battery.Its average output voltage is 1.83 V and its energy density is 235.3 Wh/kg at 549 W/kg.In this work,we propose the energy storage mechanism with the aid of density functional theory(DFT).The calculated reduction potential of the anode agrees with the experimental value.Furthermore,this battery system demonstrates long cycle lifespan of approximately 2500 cycles at 2 A/g,corresponding to a capacity retention of 82.1%.These results are very far superior than those of mainstream aqueous rechargeable Fe-based batteries,which guarantee future investigation for storing electricity energy.展开更多
O_(2)通过电化学法直接合成H_(2)O_(2)是目前最有可能替代工业上高耗能的蒽醌氧化/还原法的合成方法,但其一直受限于难以开发出高效且低成本的电催化剂.在此,我们通过聚合物脱卤的绿色策略合成了氧化硼掺杂碳(O-BC)材料,将其用作2e-氧...O_(2)通过电化学法直接合成H_(2)O_(2)是目前最有可能替代工业上高耗能的蒽醌氧化/还原法的合成方法,但其一直受限于难以开发出高效且低成本的电催化剂.在此,我们通过聚合物脱卤的绿色策略合成了氧化硼掺杂碳(O-BC)材料,将其用作2e-氧还原反应(ORR)的电极材料,采用电化学的方法制备H_(2)O_(2).通过实验调控硼源(H_(2)BO_(2))的用量和退火温度,优化了O-BC材料的催化活性.电化学测试表明:最佳的O-BC-2-650样品表现出高达98%的H_(2)O_(2)选择性;在H型碱性电解槽中H_(2)O_(2)平均产率为412.8 mmol gcat.^(-1)h^(-1).密度泛函理论计算模拟表明:与一个氧原子相连的硼原子是最佳的活性位点,在吸附O_(2)的氢化过程中获得最低的吉布斯自由能差(ΔG)0.03 e V;而没有与氧原子相连或者与两个氧原子相连的B原子则具有较大的ΔG(分别为0.08和0.10 e V).这项工作详细报道了一种用于生产H_(2)O_(2)的新型绿色低成本的无金属电催化剂的调控合成方法.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFF0800601)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42174071).
文摘Earthq Sci 2023(36):254-281 Doi:10.1016/j.eqs.2023.04.002 In the original version of this article,the important funding source was inadvertently omitted in Acknowledgement section.The corrected one is as follows.
文摘As dense seismic arrays at different scales are deployed,the techniques to make full use of array data with low computing cost become increasingly needed.The wave gradiometry method(WGM)is a new branch in seismic tomography,which utilizes the spatial gradients of the wavefield to determine the phase velocity,wave propagation direction,geometrical spreading,and radiation pattern.Seismic wave propagation parameters obtained using the WGM can be further applied to invert 3D velocity models,Q values,and anisotropy at lithospheric(crust and/or mantle)and smaller scales(e.g.,industrial oilfield or fault zone).Herein,we review the theoretical foundation,technical development,and major applications of the WGM,and compared the WGM with other commonly used major array imaging methods.Future development of the WGM is also discussed.
基金Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund Project(No.BK20220700)Jiangsu Province Industry University Research Cooperation Project(No.BY20221063)+2 种基金Project of Natural Science Research in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province(Nos.21KJD150004 and 23KJB480010)Jiangsu Province Education Department Major Project(Nos.19KJA140003 and 21KJA530004)Key R&D Plan(Social Development)Project of Yancheng Science and Technology Bureau(No.YCBE202243).
文摘Aqueous rechargeable batteries(ARBs)are generally safer than non-aqueous analogues,they are also less-expensive,and more friendly to the environment.However,the inherent disadvantage of the narrow electrochemical window of H2O seriously restricts the energy density and output voltage of ARBs,especially aqueous rechargeable Fe-based batteries.Herein,we introduce a new battery system:the anode contains C@Fe/Fe_(2)O_(3)composite,which is interfaced with an alkaline electrolyte;the cathode contains LiMn_(2)O_()in contact with a neutral electrolyte.A Li^(+)-conducting membrane is carefully selected to decouple the electrode-electrolyte,which effectively widens the electrochemical window to above 2.65 V,thereby enables an aqueous rechargeable iron battery.Its average output voltage is 1.83 V and its energy density is 235.3 Wh/kg at 549 W/kg.In this work,we propose the energy storage mechanism with the aid of density functional theory(DFT).The calculated reduction potential of the anode agrees with the experimental value.Furthermore,this battery system demonstrates long cycle lifespan of approximately 2500 cycles at 2 A/g,corresponding to a capacity retention of 82.1%.These results are very far superior than those of mainstream aqueous rechargeable Fe-based batteries,which guarantee future investigation for storing electricity energy.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22071137)the Program for Tsingtao Al-ion Power and Energy-storage Battery Research Team in the University (17-2-1-1-zhc)。
文摘O_(2)通过电化学法直接合成H_(2)O_(2)是目前最有可能替代工业上高耗能的蒽醌氧化/还原法的合成方法,但其一直受限于难以开发出高效且低成本的电催化剂.在此,我们通过聚合物脱卤的绿色策略合成了氧化硼掺杂碳(O-BC)材料,将其用作2e-氧还原反应(ORR)的电极材料,采用电化学的方法制备H_(2)O_(2).通过实验调控硼源(H_(2)BO_(2))的用量和退火温度,优化了O-BC材料的催化活性.电化学测试表明:最佳的O-BC-2-650样品表现出高达98%的H_(2)O_(2)选择性;在H型碱性电解槽中H_(2)O_(2)平均产率为412.8 mmol gcat.^(-1)h^(-1).密度泛函理论计算模拟表明:与一个氧原子相连的硼原子是最佳的活性位点,在吸附O_(2)的氢化过程中获得最低的吉布斯自由能差(ΔG)0.03 e V;而没有与氧原子相连或者与两个氧原子相连的B原子则具有较大的ΔG(分别为0.08和0.10 e V).这项工作详细报道了一种用于生产H_(2)O_(2)的新型绿色低成本的无金属电催化剂的调控合成方法.
