Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration targets of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Southeastern Sichuan Basin

No breakthrough has been made in petroleum exploration of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin as the major factors controlling the hydrocarbon accumulation of the Dengying Formation have not been well established,including the development period and distribution of the platform margin,the effectiveness of the source-reservoir combination and the reliability of the Cambrian pre-salt structural trap.Based on the interpretation of seismic data and hydrocarbon-source correlation,the distribution of the platform margin of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin was mapped.Moreover,the gas source rocks of the Dengying Formation were clarified according to geochemical characteristics of fluid inclusions,and the pre-salt structures were further confirmed by seismic forward modeling and experiments of prestack depth migration.Results showed that the sedimentary facies of the 4th member of Dengying Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin was platform margin of gentle slope type.The platform margin reservoir of the Dengying Formation and the Lower Cambrian source rocks constitute a favorable source-reservoir combination.The carbon isotope characteristics of gas in fluid inclusions indicate that some of the oil/gas in the Dengying Formation were contributed by the Doushantuo Formation source rocks.As the difference in seismic velocities between carbonate rocks and gypsum/salt beds may cause a reduction in the amplitude of pre-salt structures,the low-amplitude structures identified on current seismic profiles are underestimated instead of overestimated.Accordingly,the Sinian structural traps are confirmed to develop in the deep pre-salt sequences in the low-steep anticline belt,southeastern Sichuan Basin.On the basis of the above new understanding,we propose two types of hydrocarbon migration modes for the Sinian Dengying Formation in southeastern Sichuan Basin,including lateral migration of hydrocarbons generated from the Cambrian Qiongzusi Formation and vertical migration of hydrocarbons derived from the Sinian Doushantuo Formation.Lithologic traps at the platform margin and pre-salt structural traps within the platform are favorable targets for natural gas exploration.

Single-cell RNA-seq Revealed that Altered Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Cirrhotic Liver Indicate Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background and Aims:Cirrhosis is the precursor lesion for most hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cases.However,no biomarker effectively predicted HCC initiation before diagnosis by imaging.We aimed to investigate the hallmarks of immune microenvironments in healthy,cirrhotic livers and HCC tumor tissues and to identify immune biomarkers of cirrhosis-HCC transition.Methods:Expression matrices of singlecell RNA sequencing studies were downloaded and integrated with Seurat package vignettes.Clustering was performed to analyze the immune cell compositions of different sample types.Results:The cirrhotic liver and HCC tumors had distinct immune microenvironments,but the immune landscape of cirrhotic livers was not markedly modified compared with healthy livers.Two subsets of B cells and three subsets of T cells were identified in the samples.Among the T cells,naïve T cells were more prominent in the cirrhotic and healthy liver samples than in the HCC samples.In contrast,the neutrophil count was lower in cirrhotic livers.Two macrophage clusters were identified,one that actively interacted with T cells and B cells and was enriched in cirrhotic blood compared with HCC blood samples.Conclusions:Decreased naïve T cell infiltration and increased neutrophil infiltration in the liver may indicate the development of HCC in cirrhotic patients.Alterations in blood-resident immune cells may also be a sign of HCC development in cirrhotic patients.The dynamics of the immune cell subsets may serve as novel biomarkers to predict the transition from cirrhosis to HCC.

Prototypes,modifications,and hydrocarbon enrichment variations in basins influenced by Tethyan evolution:A comparative analysis of the Persian Gulf Basin and the Sichuan Basin

The hydrocarbon accumulation modes and differences in the Tethyan realm serve as a hot research topic in the petroleum geology community at home and abroad.Both the Persian Gulf Basin in the Middle East and the Sichuan Basin in China,situated on the southern and northern sides of the Tethyan realm,respectively,record the whole geological process of the opening and closure of the Prototethys,the Paleotethys,and the Neotethys sequentially,exhibiting anomalous hydrocarbon enrichment.Based on the analysis of the plate tectonic evolution in the Tethyan realm,this study dissects the structures and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of both basins.Followed by a systematic comparative analysis of the factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment in the process of plate breakup and convergence in the Tethyan realm,this study proposes petroleum exploration targets in the realm.The results are as follows:(1)Since the Meso-Neoproterozoic,the Persian Gulf Basin and the Sichuan Basin have undergone similar tectonic evolution in the early stage but different in the late stage.Under the influence of the formation and evolution of the Prototethys,Paleotethys,and Neotethys oceans,both basins experienced multi-stage development and modification,forming two major extension-convergence cycles.Consequently,both basins are characterized by the vertical orderly superimposition of various basin prototypes in the order of rift-intracratonic basin(passive continental margin)-foreland.(2)The fact that the Tethyan realm was long located at medium-low latitudes and the local anoxic environment formed in the process of plate breakup and convergence played a vital role in the formation of extensive source rocks.The source rocks are predominantly distributed in underfilled rifts and deep depressions that were connected to the ocean in the unidirectional continental breakup process;basin-slopes and intra-shelf basins on passive continental margins;basinal lows within intracratonic basins,and underfilled foredeeps in foreland basins.The favorable areas for the formation of carbonate reservoirs include platform margins,submarine highs and paleo-uplifts within platforms,and fault zones.The evaporite cap rocks,intimately associated with the basin evolutionary stages and global dry-hot events,are critical for large-scale hydrocarbon preservation.(3)Under the influence of Tethyan evolution,the Persian Gulf Basin and the Sichuan Basin share similar primary factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment.The moderate tectono-sedimentary differentiation and structural modification in the process of prototype basin superimposition,as well as the spatio-temporal matching of elements critical for hydrocarbon accumulation,are beneficial for the development of large oil and gas fields.The macroscopic hydrocarbon distribution is dictated by source rock-cap rock assemblages,while the local hydrocarbon distribution is governed by trap-reservoir assemblages.The critical factors determining the differential hydrocarbon enrichment in the Persian Gulf Basin and the Sichuan Basin include plate size and position,basement stability,eustatic movement,paleoclimate,and tectonic transformation.Besides,different tectonic modification intensities are closely related to the type,enrichment degree,and distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs.

基于闪蒸法制备平面钙钛矿光伏器件

自2009年第一块基于钙钛矿材料的太阳能电池被制备出来,经过近10年的发展,目前钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转换效率已经从最初的3.8%提升到超过22%,这使得越来越多的人关注到钙钛矿太阳能电池,它被认为是在未来可能取代硅基太阳能电池的新一代太阳能电池.影响钙钛矿光伏器件性能的关键因素是钙钛矿活性层的制备.在本工作中,使用实验室自制的真空闪蒸设备制备钙钛矿光伏器件,并对前驱液制备、抽气压强等参数进行研究,优化最佳真空闪蒸钙钛矿CH_3NH_3PbI_3层条件,优化后器件最高转换效率达到18.09%.同时尝试在前驱液中掺入CH_3NH_3Cl并制备柔性器件,通过改变掺杂比例进行优化后刚性器件和柔性器件的最高转换效率分别达到了18.69%和15.10%.本工作可以对钙钛矿膜层的制备起到指导作用,进而得到光电性能更好的钙钛矿光伏器件.

Multi-Directional and Multiphase Tectonic Modification,and Hydrocarbon Differential Enrichment in the Middle-Upper Yangtze Region

Based on the analysis of the deformation styles in different tectonic belts of the MiddleUpper Yangtze region,as well as the dissection of typical hydrocarbon reservoirs,this study determined the controlling effects of deformations on the hydrocarbon accumulations,obtaining the following results.The Middle-Upper Yangtze region experienced significant deformations during the Late Indosinian(T_(2)–T_(3)),the Middle Yanshanian(J_(3)–K_(1)),and the Himalayan,and five styles of tectonic deformations mainly occurred,namely superimposed deep burial,uplift,compressional thrusting,multi-layer decollement,and secondary deep burial.The distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs in the piedmont thrust belts is controlled by the concealed structures on the footwall of the deep nappe.The gentle deformation area in central Sichuan experienced differential uplift,structural-lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs were formed over a wide area.The eastern Sichuan-western Hunan and Hubei deformation area experienced Jura Mountains-type multi-layer detachment,compressional thrusting,and uplift.In relatively weakly folded and uplifted areas,conventional structural-lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs have undergone adjustment and re-accumulation,and the shale gas resources are well preserved.In the strongly deformed areas,conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs were destroyed,while unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs have been partially preserved.The marine strata in the Jianghan Basin experienced compression,thrusting,and denudation in the early stage and secondary deep burial in the late stage.Consequently,the unconventional gas resources have been partially preserved in these strata.Secondary hydrocarbon generation become favorable for conventional hydrocarbon accumulations in the marine strata.

Characteristics and significance of peripheral blood T-cell receptor repertoire features in patients with indeterminate lung nodules

Dear Editor,Dear Editor,Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths.T cells are known to play a significant role in the destruction of cancer cells.T cells have therefore become the focus of lung cancer immunotherapy.T-cell receptors(TCRs)can recognize antigenic peptides presented by HLA proteins.TCRs are distinct individually and vary with pathophysiological condition,so T cells can respond to a wide range of antigens.TCR repertoire diversity reflects the potential for cellular immunity,and several studies have demonstrated that complementarity determining region 3(CDR3β)diversity is important in cancer therapy and prognosis.1 Liu et al.have reported that the CDR3βdiversity of patients with advanced lung cancer differs significantly from that of healthy individuals.