Nitrogen(N)-doped carbon materials as metal catalyst supports have attracted signifi cant attention,but the eff ect of N dopants on catalytic performance remains unclear,especially for complex reaction processes such ...Nitrogen(N)-doped carbon materials as metal catalyst supports have attracted signifi cant attention,but the eff ect of N dopants on catalytic performance remains unclear,especially for complex reaction processes such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS).Herein,we engineered ruthenium(Ru)FTS catalysts supported on N-doped carbon overlayers on TiO_(2)nanoparticles.By regulating the carbonization temperatures,we successfully controlled the types and contents of N dopants to identify their impacts on metal-support interactions(MSI).Our fi ndings revealed that N dopants establish a favorable surface environment for electron transfer from the support to the Ru species.Moreover,pyridinic N demonstrates the highest electron-donating ability,followed by pyrrolic N and graphitic N.In addition to realizing excellent catalytic stability,strengthening the interaction between Ru sites and N dopants increases the Ru^(0)/Ru^(δ+)ratios to enlarge the active site numbers and surface electron density of Ru species to enhance the strength of adsorbed CO.Consequently,it improves the catalyst’s overall performance,encompassing intrinsic and apparent activities,as well as its ability for carbon chain growth.Accordingly,the as-synthesized Ru/TiO_(2)@CN-700 catalyst with abundant pyridine N dopants exhibits a superhigh C_(5+)time yield of 219.4 mol CO/(mol Ru·h)and C_(5+)selectivity of 85.5%.展开更多
Vaccines are one of the biggest successes in modern history and are particularly important in light of the multiple ongoing epidemics.Recently,vaccines have protected peoples’health and lives around the world during ...Vaccines are one of the biggest successes in modern history and are particularly important in light of the multiple ongoing epidemics.Recently,vaccines have protected peoples’health and lives around the world during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.Different types of vaccines have their own characteristics and advantages and are used in the context of different epidemics.Responses to vaccination are also different,and can include adverse reactions and absent responses.These individual differences are thought to be influenced by host genes.In this review,we first discuss vaccine types and characteristics.Second,we discuss different responses to vaccination,primarily focusing on the association between genetic variation and inter-individual differences.展开更多
基金the financial support from by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4101800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278298)Program for Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China(No.BP0618007).
文摘Nitrogen(N)-doped carbon materials as metal catalyst supports have attracted signifi cant attention,but the eff ect of N dopants on catalytic performance remains unclear,especially for complex reaction processes such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS).Herein,we engineered ruthenium(Ru)FTS catalysts supported on N-doped carbon overlayers on TiO_(2)nanoparticles.By regulating the carbonization temperatures,we successfully controlled the types and contents of N dopants to identify their impacts on metal-support interactions(MSI).Our fi ndings revealed that N dopants establish a favorable surface environment for electron transfer from the support to the Ru species.Moreover,pyridinic N demonstrates the highest electron-donating ability,followed by pyrrolic N and graphitic N.In addition to realizing excellent catalytic stability,strengthening the interaction between Ru sites and N dopants increases the Ru^(0)/Ru^(δ+)ratios to enlarge the active site numbers and surface electron density of Ru species to enhance the strength of adsorbed CO.Consequently,it improves the catalyst’s overall performance,encompassing intrinsic and apparent activities,as well as its ability for carbon chain growth.Accordingly,the as-synthesized Ru/TiO_(2)@CN-700 catalyst with abundant pyridine N dopants exhibits a superhigh C_(5+)time yield of 219.4 mol CO/(mol Ru·h)and C_(5+)selectivity of 85.5%.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Fund(No.20DZ2202000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81773818,81273596,30900799,and 81671326)+1 种基金National Key Research and Develop-ment Programs(Nos.2016YFC0905000,2016YFC0905002,2016YFC1200200,and 2016YFC0906400)111 Project,Shanghai Pujiang Program(No.17PJD020),and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(No.13dz2260500)。
文摘Vaccines are one of the biggest successes in modern history and are particularly important in light of the multiple ongoing epidemics.Recently,vaccines have protected peoples’health and lives around the world during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.Different types of vaccines have their own characteristics and advantages and are used in the context of different epidemics.Responses to vaccination are also different,and can include adverse reactions and absent responses.These individual differences are thought to be influenced by host genes.In this review,we first discuss vaccine types and characteristics.Second,we discuss different responses to vaccination,primarily focusing on the association between genetic variation and inter-individual differences.
