The Influence Law of Oil Relative Permeability on Water Cut

Water cut is a key evaluation parameter for reservoir development evaluation. Relative permeability curve reflects reservoir characteristics and fluid characteristics. It is important to figure out the influence law of oil relative permeability on water cut. Based on the 269 relative permeability curves of Bohai oilfields, the distribution of oil index of Bohai oilfields were studied. On the basis, combined with Corey expression of relative permeability and fractional flow equation, the theoretical relationship between oil index and water cut increasing rate was established. Three end points of water cut increasing rate curve were proposed and the influence law between three end points and oil index was studied. The results show that the oil index has a linear relationship with three end points. When the value of water oil mobile ratio is large than 1, with the increase of oil index, maximum value of water cut increasing rate gradually increase. When the value of water oil mobile ratio is less than 10, oil index has great effect on recovery percent when water cut increasing rate reaches to the maximum value as well as water cut when water cut increasing rate reaches to the maximum value. The application of SS field shows that the theoretical value is consistent with the field data.

Clinical characteristics and coronary features of coronary ectasia and aneurysm in China

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and coronary features of patients with coronary ectasia and aneurysm (CEA) in China. Methods: This was a single center, retrospective clinical study. Patients with CEA who diagnosed by coronary artery angiography (CAG) from April 2003 to October 2009, were enrolled. All patients were followed up by the call or clinic visit. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality or cardiovascular readmission. Results: A total of 39 patients (27 male, mean age 59.5 ± 12.6 years) diagnosed with CEA, with a prevalence of 0.6% (a total of 6,130 patients underwent CAG during the same period). Thirty-six patients constituted the study population, due to 3 patients lost of follow-up. The median follow-up was 27 months (1 - 76). The single vessel was involved in 11 patients (31%), two vessels were involved in 14 patients (38%) and three or more vessels were involved in 11 patients (31%). The most common involved vessel was left anterior descending branch (n = 27), followed by right coronary artery (n = 23), left circumflex branch (n = 20) and left main branch (n = 9). There was no death during the follow-up. The primary outcome was observed in 8 (22%) patients. The use of clopidogrel and statins were associated with lower rate of cardiovascular readmission. Conclusion The incidence of CEA was low among patients who referred for CAG in China. The majority of patients had the involvement of multiple vessels, and left anterior descending branch was the most common involved vessel. The CEA patients may benefit from clopidogrel and statins.

Prediction of major adverse cardiac events is the first critical task in the management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis

Dear Editor,The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),anti-tumor immunotherapy unleashing the host immune system to eradicate tumor cells,has revolutionized the treatment of various advanced cancers and showed remarkable anti-tumor effects[1].However,emphasis must be placed on fatal immune-related adverse events(irAEs),especially some fulminant irAEs like ICI-related cardiovascular AEs[2,3].However,due to the low rate of cardiovascular AEs,little is known about the effective methods for evaluating the risk of catastrophic cardiac events in ICI-associated myocarditis and its management[4,5].

Surgical Treatment of Left Atrial Dissection and Severe Mitral Valve Obstruction

Left atrial dissection is a rare complication of mitral valve replacement surgery.Here,a case of left atrial dissection followed by mitral valvular obstruction was presented.It is suspected that the dissection was caused by trematodiases infection.Cardiac surgery was finally performed,which not only confirmed the diagnosis but also acted as an effective treatment.Especially,surgery is of essential value to confirm the perforation locating at the basal posterior wall of the left ventricle,to repair the atrial dissection,and to relieve the mitral valvular obstruction.