Distinct mechanisms of FAK mechanoactivation by different extracellular matrix proteins

Introduction Cells can sense and respond to the mechanical microenvironment by converting forces into biochemical signals inside the cells,i.e.mechanotransduction[1-3].Focal adhesions are the major sites of interaction between a cell and its extracellular matrix（ECM）microenvironment,thus outside mechanical signals can be sensed at focal adhesions through transmembrane receptor integrins.In particular,it has been shown that matrix elasticity can control the cell fate[4]by modulating the interactions between ECM proteins and their receptor integrins[5,6].For example,different rigidity of polyacrylamide（PA）gels can lead to different density of ECM ancho-

Probability Response of Shape Memory Alloy Beam Subjected to Noise Excitation

Shape Memory Alloy(SMA)is a typical material with memory effect,and it is widely used in many engineering fields.Based on the elastic theory and Galerkin method,a vibration system of SMA beam with rigid constraints is proposed.The non⁃smooth transformation was employed to deal with the discontinuous position,and the original system was turned into an approximate equivalent system associated with the Dirac function.Then,using the stochastic averaging method,the drift and diffusion coefficients of the corresponding Fokker Planck Kolmogorov equation were described.Lastly,the approximate probability response of the system was formulated analytically.Meanwhile,numerical simulation was carried out to verify the effectiveness of analytical results.Furthermore,stochastic bifurcation was discussed.Results show that the stationary probability response of the system was affected by the increase of noise amplitude and restitution force,and a certain restitution value and damping could induce P⁃bifurcation.

Registration of Rural Collective Land:A Case Study of Ma'anshan City in Anhui Province

Making unified registration of rural collective land and granting legal rights of rural collective and farmer land are necessities for protecting the fundamental interests of farmers,implementing the party's rural policies,and the source of unified real estate registration,and will lay a solid foundation for smooth implementation of registration of real estate. According to requirements of Notice of the General Office of the People's Government of Anhui Province on Implementing the Confirmation and Registration of Ownership of Rural Collective Land,in order to integrate urban and rural development and safeguard the rights and interests of farmers,since January 2010,Ma'anshan Municipal Government has made an overall deployment in the whole city to carry out the confirmation and registration of rural collective land. However,complex property situation of the collective land and the problems of existing registration system have brought about many problems. Through the research and analysis,we came up with recommendations for improving the registration of rural collective land.

Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor of histone 3 lysine 79 in MEFs

Introduction Post-translational modifications of core histones have emerged as a critical player in dynamical regulation of gene expression and accurate chromatin structures[1-2].In recent years it has been demonstrated that,histone lysine methylation is particularly prominent as one of the most important epigenetic modifications during cell cycles,development and differentiation,and in response to external stimuli,e.g.exogenous growth factors and mechanical stimulation.This epigenetic modification may also be an early event that regulates the gene expression dur-

Computational analysis of spatiotemporal molecular hierarchy in single live cells

Genetically encoded biosensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)have been widely applied to visualize the molecular activity in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution.The enormous amount of video images and the complex dynamics of signaling events present tremendous challenges for data analysis and demand the development of intelligent and automated imaging analysis methods specifically envisioned for the studies of live cell imaging.We have developed a general correlative FRET imaging method(CFIM)to quantify the subcellular coupling between an enzymatic activity and a phenotypic response in live cells,e.g.at focal adhesions(FAs).CFIM quantitatively evaluated the cause-effect relation-