Potassium nutrition of maize:Uptake,transport,utilization,and role in stress tolerance

Potassium(K) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development and influences yield and quality of agricultural crops.Maize(Zea mays) is one of the most widely distributed crops worldwide.In China,although maize consumes a large amount of K fertilizer,the K uptake/utilization efficiency(KUE)of maize cultivars is relatively low.Elucidation of KUE mechanisms and development of maize cultivars with higher KUE are needed.Maize KUE is determined by K+uptake,transport,and remobilization,which depend on a variety of K+channels and transporters.We review basic information about K+channels and transporters in maize,their functions and regulation,and the roles of K+in nitrogen transport,sugar transport,and salt tolerance.We discuss challenges and prospects for maize KUE improvement.

Recent Technologies for the Extraction and Separation of Polyphenols in Different Plants:A Review

Polyphenol is an important secondary metabolite with unique physiological functions and biological activity.The polyphenols in different plants and biomass have different chemical structures,which needs various extraction methods to obtain them.Recently,plant polyphenols and their application research in food and medicine have become a research hotspot,which is mainly focused on preparation,purification,structural identification,and biological activity assays.Among these researches,extraction and separation are the key sections to investigate the structure and activity of polyphenol.Hence,this review summarized the recent extraction and separation techniques of polyphenol,including solvent extraction,supercritical fluid extraction,ultrasonic extraction,enzymatic extraction,resin adsorption extraction,and electric field method,etc.In addition,this review also reveals the current problems and proposes future extraction research of polyphenol.It is hoped that this review will provide a guide for the researchers who are actively committed to promoting progress in the field of polyphenolics.

Simulation on Calculation Accuracy of Three Methods for Live Line Measuring the Parameters of Transmission Lines with Mutual Inductance

Live line measurement methods can reduce the loss of power outages and eliminate interference. There are three live line measurement methods including integral method, differential method and algebraic method. A simulation model of?two coupled parallel transmission lines spanning on the same towers is built in PSCAD and the calculation errors of these three methods are compared with different sampling frequencies by using of Matlab. The effect of harmonic on calculation is also involved. The simulation results indicate that harmonic has the least effect on the algebraic method which provides stable result and small error.

How Does Pedagogy Compare between Professional Dance Education and Non-Professional Dance Education

Nowadays,dance education has been popularised at different educational levels,so dance teachers have the opportunity to teach students of different ages and backgrounds.However,this created a problem for me as,although I was teaching different people,I did not alter my teaching style.The pedagogy which aimed to foster professional dancers had no effect to nonprofessional students.In order to combine my experiences and resolve my problem,this paper concentrates on the difference between school-based and vocational dance pedagogy.

How Teacher Can Develop Children’s Creativity through Facilitating Possibility Thinking in Chinese Folk Dance Classroom

In recent decades,people has gradually focused on creativity especially in education and society.Through teaching activities,students may be able to use possibility thinking in their classes for developing creativity.Hence,it is important that understanding how teachers can develop children’s creativity by supporting possibility thinking.As a dance teacher,I am looking forward to bringing this knowledge into my teaching.Through a theoretical analysis and experiential combination,this paper aims to explore how teachers can cultivate children’s creativity by facilitating possibility thinking.

水稻染色体双链寡核苷酸荧光原位杂交技术

染色体制备与识别技术是遗传学研究的重要手段,而寡核苷酸荧光原位杂交(oligo-FISH)是近年来兴起的染色体识别技术。灵活高效的探针是荧光原位杂交过程中的关键因素。传统的单链寡核苷酸探针标记过程复杂,且获得单个探针的成本较高。在单链寡核苷酸探针的基础上进行改良,利用靶向全染色体(片段)的特异性引物进行扩增,将获得产物纯化,即可得到目的探针,简化了探针标记过程,降低了成本,并提高了标记效率。该文详述了水稻(Oryza sativa)改良后的双链寡核苷酸探针文库的合成及标记方法、有丝分裂时期染色体制片和探针杂交过程。通过设计梯度实验发现水稻中寡核苷酸荧光原位杂交技术染色体和寡核苷酸探针的最佳变性时间与温度分别为85℃ 3分钟30秒及90℃6分钟。该研究在水稻中建立染色体双链寡核苷酸荧光原位杂交技术,可为多种植物染色体制备与精准识别提供有力的工具。

Histone deacetylase OsHDA706 increases salt tolerance via H4K5/K8 deacetylation of OsPP2C49 in rice

High salt is a major environmental factor that threatens plant growth and development.Increasing evidence indicates that histone acetylation is involved in plant responses to various abiotic stress;however,the underlying epigenetic regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this study,we revealed that the histone deacetylase OsHDA706 epigenetically regulates the expression of salt stress response genes in rice(Oryza sativa L.).OsHDA706 localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm and OsHDA706 expression is significantly induced under salt stress.Moreover,oshda706 mutants showed a higher sensitivity to salt stress than the wild-type.In vivo and in vitro enzymatic activity assays demonstrated that OsHDA706 specifically regulates the deacetylation of lysines 5 and 8 on histone H4(H4K5and H4K8).By combining chromatin immunoprecipitation and mRNA sequencing,we identified the clade A protein phosphatase 2C gene,OsPP2C49,which is involved in the salt response as a direct target of H4K5 and H4K8 acetylation.We found that the expression of OsPP2C49 is induced in the oshda706 mutant under salt stress.Furthermore,the knockout of OsPP2C49 enhances plant tolerance to salt stress,while its overexpression has the opposite effect.Taken together,our results indicate that OsHDA706,a histone H4 deacetylase,participates in the salt stress response by regulating the expression of OsPP2C49 via H4K5 and H4K8 deacetylation.

Gene-guided OX40L anchoring to tumor cells for synergetic tumor“self-killing”immunotherapy

The low objective response rates and severe side effects largely limit the clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)therapy.Here,a tumor“self-killing”therapy based on gene-guided OX40L anchoring to tumor cell membrane was reported to boost ICB therapy.We developed a highly efficient delivery system HA/PEI-KT(HKT)to co-deliver the OX40L plasmids and unmethylated CG-enriched oligodeoxynucleotide(CpG).On the one hand,CpG induced the expression of OX40 on T cells within tumors.On the other hand,OX40L plasmids achieved the OX40L anchoring on the tumor cell membrane to next promote T cells responses via OX40/OX40L axis.Such synergistic tumor“self-killing”strategy finally turned“cold”tumors to“hot”,to sensitize tumors to programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1)blockade therapy,and promoted an immune-mediated tumor regression in both B16F10 and 4T1 tumor models,with prevention of tumor recurrence and metastasis.To avoid the side effects,the gene-guided OX40L anchoring and PD-L1 silencing was proposed to replace the existing antibody therapy,which showed negligible toxicity in vivo.Our work provided a new possibility for tumor“self-killing”immunotherapy to treated various solid tumors.

MoS_(2)/MoO_(2) nanosheets anchored on carbon cloth for high-performance magnesium-and sodium-ion storage

Developing new types of rechargeable metal-ion batteries beyond lithium-ions,including alkaline ion(such as Na+,K+)and multivalent ion(such as Mg 2+,Zn 2+,Ca 2+and Al 3+)batteries,is progressing quickly towards large-scale energy storage systems.However,the major obstacle to their large-scale applications has been a lack of appropriate electrode materials with reversible metal ions insertion/extraction be-havior,resulting in inferior electrochemical performance.Here we develop a well-designed MoS_(2)/MoO_(2) hybrid nanosheets anchored on carbon cloth(MoS_(2)/MoO_(2)/CC)as electrode materials.This rational de-sign can effectively shorten ion diffusion distance,increase electric conductivity of the electrode,and buffer volume change.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of structural and compositional features,the MoS_(2)/MoO_(2)/CC electrode exhibits high initial reversible capacities(326 mA h g^(−1) at 0.1 A g^(−1) in magnesium-ion storage;1270 mA h g^(−1) at 0.1 A g^(−1) in sodium-ion storage),excellent rate capacities(57 mA h g^(−1) at 10 A g^(−1) in magnesium-ion storage;335 mA h g^(−1) at 5 A g^(−1) in sodium-ion storage)and long-term cycling stability(105 mA h g^(−1) after 600 cycle at 1 A g^(−1) in magnesium-ion storage;208 mA h g^(−1) after 600 cycles at 5 A g^(−1) in sodium-ion storage).We expect that the multi-engineering strategy will provide some valuable insights for the development of other advanced electrode materials for high-performance metal-ion batteries.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gama ameliorates liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad signaling activation

Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a chronic condition characterized by a progressive decline in liver function,leading to disruptions in liver integrity and metabolic function,resulting in lipid deposition and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix(ECM).The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and not yet fully understood,contributing to the absence of specific therapeutic strategies.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ)is a ligand-activated transcription factor pivotal in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism.However,the impacts of PPARγon NAFLD remains insufficiently explored.Thus,this study aimed to investigate the role of PPARγin NAFLD and its underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods:Chemical detection kits were utilized to quantify collagen content,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)level variations.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was employed to assess alterations in extracellular matrix-related genes and inflammatory response genes in liver tissue and HepG2 cells,while western blotting was conducted to analyze the levels of both PPARγand the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.Results:Our findings unveiled significantly reduced PPARγexpression in a rat model of NAFLD,leading to subsequent activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.Furthermore,PPARγactivation effectively mitigated NAFLD progression by inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis-related gene expression and collagen production.On a cellular level,PPARγactivation was found to inhibit the expression of extracellular matrix-related genes such as matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2)and matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9),along with inflammatory response genes interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-6.Additionally,PPARγactivation led to a significant decrease in the levels of ALT and AST.At the molecular level,PPARγnotably down-regulated the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway,which is known to promote liver fibrosis.Conclusion:These groundbreaking findings underscore PPARγactivation as a promising therapeutic approach to delay NAFLD progression by targeting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in hepatic cells.This highlights the potential of PPARγas a promising therapeutic target for NAFLD management in clinical settings.

超早产儿人型支原体脑膜炎1例并文献复习

目的总结新生儿人型支原体脑膜炎的临床特点、诊治方法及预后。方法回顾性分析2020年6月温州医科大学附属第二医院新生儿科收治的1例人型支原体脑膜炎早产儿的临床资料和诊治经过。并以"人型支原体"和"脑膜炎"和"新生儿"为检索式在中国知网、万方数据库, 以"(Mycoplasma hominis)AND(meningitis OR central nervous system OR cerebrospinal fluid)AND(newborn)"为检索式在PubMed数据库检索自建库至2021年5月报道的临床资料完整的病例。总结人型支原体脑膜炎的临床特点、辅助检查、诊治及预后情况。采用两样本秩和检验进行统计学分析。结果本例早产儿胎龄27周+4, 生后7 d起反复低热、呼吸暂停, 脑脊液常规提示中性粒细胞为主的白细胞增多, 考虑化脓性脑膜炎, 予经验性抗生素治疗无好转。因"生后呼吸困难32 d, 反复发热25 d"转入本院。入院后脑脊液送检宏基因组二代测序检出人型支原体, 予红霉素治疗无效, 改氯霉素治疗18 d, 未发现药物不良反应, 最终好转出院。共检索到符合条件的外文文献21篇(22例患儿), 未检索到中文文献, 加本例患儿共23例。早产儿14例, 足月儿8例, 性别不详1例;阴道分娩娩出19例;中位发病日龄11.0 d(P25~P75:7.0~18.0 d)。首发症状主要为发热、惊厥、易激惹和呼吸暂停。辅助检查:血常规白细胞计数升高10例, C-反应蛋白升高7例。脑脊液白细胞计数升高19例, 蛋白升高20例, 葡萄糖下降13例。确诊方法:16S RNA聚合酶链反应基因扩增技术8例, 血清抗体检测7例, 培养+镜检2例, 单纯培养2例, 支原体检测试剂盒和宏基因组二代测序技术各1例。治疗:选用四环素类、喹诺酮类、氯霉素类、林可酰胺类等一种或多种联合用药, 另有2例未用特殊抗支原体药但好转。并发症:脑积水15例, 颅内出血8例, 脑缺血梗死4例, 脑脓肿2例。预后:未知3例, 预后良好4例, 预后不良16例。预后良好患儿开始敏感抗生素治疗的中位时间为确诊后4.5 d(3.6~5.0 d), 早于预后不良患儿[16.8 d(7.0~25.0 d)](Z=-2.27, P=0.023)。结论人型支原体感染临床表现非特异, 临床考虑颅内感染但经验性抗生素治疗无效的患儿需警惕该病可能。宏基因组二代测序有助于检出人型支原体。人型支原体感染可选用氯霉素治疗。

Hydrothermal Self-assembly Synthesis of Mn3O4Reduced Graphene Oxide Hydrogel and Its High Electrochemical Performance for Supercapacitors

在现在的工作 Mn3O4/reduced graphene 氧化物 hydrogel (Mn3O4-rGOH ) 与三维(3D ) 网络被制作由一热水自己组装线路。同样获得的样品的形态学，作文，和微观结构用粉末X光检查衍射( XRD )被描绘，X光检查光电子光谱学( XPS )， thermogravimetry 分析( TG )，原子吸收 spectrometry ( AAS )，回答扫描电子显微镜学( FESEM )和传播电子显微镜( TEM )的排放。而且，电气化学的行为被周期的 voltammogram (CV ) 评估， galvanostatic 费用分泌物和电气化学的阻抗光谱学(EIS ) 。测试结果显示有 6.9% Mn3O4 的 hydrogel 完成了 148 F

基于核酸探针的光学传感方法和细胞成像研究

许多疾病的特征在于各种生物分子表现出的异常活性,这些物质通常在细胞内外显示过表达现象,因此对其灵敏靶向识别可以提供诊断和治疗效用。由于基因诊疗和化学传感技术的发展,用于灵敏检测细胞内外生物化学物质的核酸探针突显优势。核酸探针可以在稳定进入细胞的同时,特异性地结合目标物质,通过光学方法检测或通过成像技术标识出来。本文综述了采用光学传感方法和成像技术,基于核酸探针检测生物分子的新进展。根据检测对象进行分类,概括分析了几个代表性体系:核酸序列、蛋白质和酶、化学物质和物理化学条件,并详细阐述其关键设计原理、灵敏度及样品检测等结果,同时指出了各类核酸探针的优缺点。

载GNR-PEI/CpG巨噬细胞用于肿瘤的光热和免疫联合治疗（英文）

纳米药物在肿瘤治疗的临床应用是生物医学领域中长期存在的挑战.主要问题包括:体内快速清除、脱靶现象以及对转移瘤治疗的局限性.本论文用超支化PEI对金纳米棒进行修饰,获得了带有正电性的GNR-PEI,再与负电性的CpG佐剂进行静电复合,形成GNRPEI/CpG纳米复合物.为了提高体内适用性和靶向性,我们进一步构建了载GNR-PEI/CpG的巨噬细胞,用于肿瘤的光热和免疫联合治疗.体外研究结果表明,巨噬细胞具有高效的担载GNR-PEI/CpG的能力,且载GNR-PEI/CpG巨噬细胞具有很好的光热转换能力.体内研究结果进一步预示了该策略在肿瘤治疗领域的巨大潜力.

Combining mannose receptor mediated nanovaccines and gene regulated PD-L1 blockade for boosting cancer immunotherapy

Tumor nanovaccines have potential applications in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors.However,it remains a longstanding challenge in exploiting efficient nanocarriers for inducing potent specifically cellular immune responses.Toward this objective,we herein explore an intensive tumor immunotherapeutic strategy by combining mannosylated nanovaccines and gene regulated PD-L1 blockade for immune stimulation and killing activity.Here,we fabricate a mannose modified PLL-RT(Man-PLL-RT)mediated nanovaccines with dendritic cells(DCs)targeting capacity.Man-PLL-RT is capable of co-encapsulating with antigen(ovalbumin,OVA)and adjuvant(unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine,CpG)by electrostatic interaction.This positively charged Man-PLL-RT/OVA/CpG nanovaccines can facilitate the endocytosis,maturation and cross presentation in DCs.However,the nanovaccines arouse limited inhibition of tumor growth,which is mainly due to the immunosuppressed microenvironment of tumors.Combining tumor nanovaccines with gene regulated PD-L1 blockade leads to an obvious tumor remission in B16F10 melanoma bearing mice.The collaborative strategy provides essential insights to boost the benefits of tumor vaccines by regulating the checkpoint blockade with gene therapy.

Light-responsive nanocomposites combining graphene oxide with POSS based on host-guest chemistry

Based on the reversible host-guest inclusion/exclusion of cyclodextrin-functionalized graphene oxide(GO-CD) and azobenzene-terminated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(Azo-POSS), a novel kind of light-responsive nanocomposites GO-POSS was developed under mild condition. ~1H NMR, ET-IR,TG, TEM and UV-vis spectroscopy were conducted to characterize the chemical composition and photoresponsive performance of obtained GO-POSS nanocomposites. The results demonstrated that nanocagestructured POSS and nanosheet GO components in GO-POSS exhibited pronounced supra molecular assembly/disassembly behavior upon UV/vis irradiation. Moreover, GO-POSS nanocomposites showed good water dispersity and had remarkable impact on oxygen permeability of conventional PVA-coated films under varied light irradiation conditions, which would be valuable for developing smart gas barrier materials in packaging.

In situ vaccination and gene-medeiated PD-L1 blockade for enhanced tumor immunotherapy

Despite of the promising achievements of immune checkpoints blockade therapy(ICB) in the clinic,which was often limited by low objective responses and severe side effects.Herein,we explored a synergistic strategy to combine in situ vaccination and gene-mediated anti-PD therapy,which was generated by unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine(CpG) and pshPD-L1 gene co-delivery.PEI worked as the delivery carrier to co-deliver the CpG and pshPD-L1 genes,the formed PDC(PEI/DNA/CpG)nanoparticles were further shielded by aldehyde modified polyethylene glycol(OHC-PEG-CHO) via pH responsive Schiff base reaction for OHC-PEG-CHO-PEI/DNA/CpG nanoparticles(P(PDC) NPs) prepa ration.All steps could be finished within 30 min.Such simple nanoparticles achieved the synergistic antitumor efficacy in B16 F10 tumor-bearing mice,and the amplified T cell responses,together with enhanced NK cells infiltration were observed after the combined treatments.In addition,the pH responsive delivery system reduced the side effects triggered by anti-PD therapy.The facile and effective combination strategy we presented here might provide a novel treatment for tumor inhibition.

Unraveling the difference in flavor characteristics of dry sausages inoculated with different autochthonous lactic acid bacteria

The traditional dry sausage is highly appreciated in China because of its unique flavor characteristics.This study aimed to characterize and compare the flavor profile of traditional dry sausage,inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB),including Lactobacillus plantarum MDJ2,Lactobacillus sakei HRB10,Lactobacillus curvatus SYS29,Weissella hellenica HRB6,and Lactococcus lactis HRB0 using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with electronic nose (E-nose).The control (non-inoculated) sausage presented higher water activity and moisture content compared to the inoculated sausages whereas,the inoculation led to decreased pH values and increased LAB counts during fermentation of dry sausages.Inoculation with LAB increased volatile compound contents and decreased total contents of free amino acids of sausages.E-nose and sensory analysis confirmed that inoculation with LAB,especially W.hellenica HRB6,Lb.sakei HRB10,and Lb.curvatus SYS29 enriched the pleasant odors of dry sausage.Correlation analysis demonstrated that sausages inoculated with W.hellenica HRB6 and Lb.sakei HRB10 showed a correlation with most of the key volatile compounds.In conclusion,W.hellenica HRB6 and Lb.sakei HRB10 are promising starter cultures to enhance the flavor characteristics of dry sausages.