Review Integration of smartphone technology and artificial intelligence for advanced ophthalmic care:A systematic review

Background:The convergence of smartphone technology and artificial intelligence(AI)has revolutionized the landscape of ophthalmic care,offering unprecedented opportunities for diagnosis,monitoring,and management of ocular conditions.Nevertheless,there is a lack of systematic studies on discussing the integration of smart-phone and AI in this field.Main text:This review includes 52 studies,and explores the integration of smartphones and AI in ophthalmology,delineating its collective impact on screening methodologies,disease detection,telemedicine initiatives,and patient management.The collective findings from the curated studies indicate promising performance of the smartphone-based AI screening for various ocular diseases which encompass major retinal diseases,glaucoma,cataract,visual impairment in children and ocular surface diseases.Moreover,the utilization of smartphone-based imaging modalities,coupled with AI algorithms,is able to provide timely,efficient and cost-effective screening for ocular pathologies.This modality can also facilitate patient self-monitoring,remote patient monitoring and enhancing accessibility to eye care services,particularly in underserved regions.Challenges involving data pri-vacy,algorithm validation,regulatory frameworks and issues of trust are still need to be addressed.Furthermore,evaluation on real-world implementation is imperative as well,and real-world prospective studies are currently lacking.Conclusions:Smartphone ocular imaging merged with AI enables earlier,precise diagnoses,personalized treat-ments,and enhanced service accessibility in eye care.Collaboration is crucial to navigate ethical and data security challenges while responsibly leveraging these innovations,promising a potential revolution in care access and global eye health equity.

C176-loaded and phosphatidylserine-modified nanoparticles treat retinal neovascularization by promoting M2 macrophage polarization

Retinal neovascularization(RNV),a typical pathological manifestation involved in most neovascular diseases,causes retinal detachment,vision loss,and ultimately irreversible blindness.Repeated intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs were developed against RNV,with limitations of incomplete responses and adverse effects.Therefore,a new treatment with a better curative effect and more prolonged dosage is demanding.Here,we induced macrophage polarization to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype by inhibiting cGAS-STING signaling with an antagonist C176,appreciating the role of cGAS-STING signaling in the retina in pro-inflammatory M1 polarization.C176-loaded and phosphatidylserine-modified dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles were constructed and examined by a single intravitreal injection.The biosafe nanoparticles were phagocytosed by retinal macrophages through a phosphatidylserine-mediated“eat me”signal,which persistently release C176 to suppress STING signaling and thereby promote macrophage M2 polarization specifically.A single dosage can effectively alleviate pathological angiogenesis phenotypes in murine oxygen-induced retinopathy models.In conclusion,these C176-loaded nanoparticles with enhanced cell uptake and long-lasting STING inhibition effects might serve as a promising way for treating RNV.

火后恢复时间影响大兴安岭寒温带森林内部与边缘鸟类多样性

中重度火干扰通常会显著改变森林结构与功能,甚至引发森林演替,严重影响鸟类群落组成与多样性。大兴安岭是我国林火高发热点地区之一,但林火对鸟类多样性影响的研究较少,特别是对功能多样性的影响尚不清楚。本研究于2021年7–8月在大兴安岭地区的黑龙江南瓮河国家级自然保护区,采用样点法对森林鸟类展开调查,量化不同林火干扰时间下森林内部和边缘鸟类功能多样性的差异。同时,通过系统性文献检索,进一步比较了大兴安岭地区不同林分组成与鸟类功能多样性的关系。结果发现:(1)不同林火事件后,森林内部鸟类群落的组成差异较小,但边缘鸟类组成差异较大;(2)森林内部的鸟类功能丰富度和均匀度随火后恢复时间增加逐渐升高,并且在火后早期阶段森林边缘的功能丰富度更高;(3)随着火后恢复时间的增加,森林边缘的留鸟比例增加,夏候鸟比例减少;(4)在大兴安岭地区,针阔混交林中的鸟类功能丰富度显著高于兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)林。本研究建议在大兴安岭寒温带森林中,保持森林内部结构稳定性,同时提升火后早期阶段森林边缘的植被多样性,这有利于维持鸟类较高的功能丰富度和功能均匀度。