A chromosome-level genome assembly for Erianthus fulvus provides insights into its biofuel potential and facilitates breeding for improvement of sugarcane

Erianthus produces substantial biomass,exhibits a good Brix value,and shows wide environmental adaptability,making it a potential biofuel plant.In contrast to closely related sorghum and sugarcane,Erianthus can grow in degraded soils,thus releasing pressure on agricultural lands used for biofuel production.However,the lack of genomic resources for Erianthus hinders its genetic improvement,thus limiting its potential for biofuel production.In the present study,we generated a chromosome-scale reference genome for Erianthus fulvus Nees.The genome size estimated by flow cytometry was 937 Mb,and the assembled genome size was 902 Mb,covering 96.26%of the estimated genome size.A total of 35065 proteincoding genes were predicted,and 67.89%of the genome was found to be repetitive.A recent wholegenome duplication occurred approximately 74.10 million years ago in the E.fulvus genome.Phylogenetic analysis showed that E.fulvus is evolutionarily closer to S.spontaneum and diverged after S.bicolor.Three of the 10 chromosomes of E.fulvus formed through rearrangements of ancestral chromosomes.Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Saccharum complex revealed a polyphyletic origin of the complex and a sister relationship of E.fulvus with Saccharum sp.,excluding S.arundinaceum.On the basis of the four amino acid residues that provide substrate specificity,the E.fulvus SWEET proteins were classified as monoand disaccharide sugar transporters.Ortho-QTL genes identified for 10 biofuel-related traits may aid in the rapid screening of E.fulvus populations to enhance breeding programs for improved biofuel production.The results of this study provide valuable insights for breeding programs aimed at improving biofuel production in E.fulvus and enhancing sugarcane introgression programs.

AGNP:Network-wide short-term probabilistic traffic speed prediction and imputation

The data-driven Intelligent Transportation System(ITS)provides great support to travel decisions and system management but inevitably encounters the issue of data missing in monitoring systems.Hence,network-wide traffic state prediction and imputation is critical to recognizing the system level state of a transportation network.Abundant research works have adopted various approaches for traffic prediction and imputation.However,previous methods ignore the reliability analysis of the predicted/imputed traffic information.Thus,this study originally proposes an attentive graph neural process(AGNP)method for network-level short-term traffic speed prediction and imputation,simultaneously considering reliability.Firstly,the Gaussian process(GP)is used to model the observed traffic speed state.Such a stochastic process is further learned by the proposed AGNP method,which is utilized for inferring the congestion state on the remaining unobserved road segments.Data from a transportation network in Anhui Province,China,is used to conduct three experiments with increasing missing data ratio for model testing.Based on comparisons against other machine learning models,the results show that the proposed AGNP model can impute traffic networks and predict traffic speed with high-level performance.With the probabilistic confidence provided by the AGNP,reliability analysis is conducted both numerically and visually to show that the predicted distributions are beneficial to guide traffic control strategies and travel plans.

甘蔗赤腐病内生拮抗菌YC89的筛选及鉴定

【目的】筛选防治甘蔗赤腐病(sugarcane red rot)的生防菌株。【方法】实验以前期分离获得的甘蔗内生细菌为目标菌,以甘蔗赤腐病的病原真菌镰孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum falcatum Went.)为指示菌,采用平板对峙法筛选对该病菌有较强抑制作用的菌株,然后通过琼脂扩散法测定菌株代谢产物对抑菌活性的影响,并对具有较好拮抗效果的高效菌株进行抑菌广谱性分析并对其进行鉴定。最后通过形态学、生理生化特征以及16S rDNA和gyrA序列分析对高效菌株YC89进行鉴定。【结果】经初筛筛选到抑菌带均大于1.60 cm的5株拮抗细菌,其中X22、W2、YC89抑菌带均高达1.87 cm。对初筛得到的5株内生菌进行复筛,结果所示菌株YC89、H1、X22、W2、YT93对镰孢炭疽菌的抑菌率都在75%以上,其中菌株YC89对该病菌的抑菌效果最好,其抑菌率为78%。菌株YC89的发酵液、上清液、过滤液及粗蛋白提取液对镰孢炭疽菌的生长有较强的抑制作用,且菌株YC89对玉米大斑病、甘蔗梢腐病、草莓灰霉病等7种病原菌也有较好的抑制效果。通过菌株鉴定结果,初步将YC89菌株鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)。【结论】菌株YC89对镰孢炭疽菌具有较好的抑制效果,表明其对甘蔗赤腐病的生物防治具有较大的应用潜力。