Chinese expert consensus on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine liver metastases

Many management strategies are available for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms with liver metastases.However,a lack of biological,molecular,and genomic information and an absence of data from rigorous trials limit the validity of these strategies.This review presents the viewpoints from an international conference consisting of several expert working groups.The working groups reviewed a series of questions of particular interest to clinicians taking care of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms with liver metastases by reviewing the existing management strategies and literature,evaluating the evidence on which management decisions were based,developing internationally acceptable recommendations for clinical practice,and making recommendations for clinical and research endeavors.The review for each question will be followed by recommendations from the panel.

Novel gold nanoparticles targeting somatostatin receptor subtype two with near-infrared light for neuroendocrine tumour therapy

Neuroendocrine tumours(NETs)are rare cancers with positive somatostatin receptor 2(SSTR2)expression,and treatment strategies for NETs are not satisfactory.Nanomaterial-mediated therapy targeting SSTR2 in NETs is very promising.This study firstly combined mesoporous silica-coated gold nanorods(AuNRs@mSiO_(2))and targeting-SSTR2 dodecane tetraacetic acidtyrosine3-octreotate(DOTA-TATE)into AuNRs@mSiO_(2)@DOTA-TATE to investigate NETs inhibition under near-infrared light.AuNRs@mSiO_(2)@DOTA-TATE showed good photothermal conversion efficiency.In vitro,under light irradiation,the cell viability significantly decreased with increasing AuNR@mSiO_(2)@DOTA-TATE concentration;in two successfully established neuroendocrine tumour organoids with SSTR2 expression,AuNRs@mSiO_(2)@DOTA-TATE with light inhibited tumours significantly better than AuNRs@mSiO_(2) with light.In vivo,the SSTR2-targeting ability and biodistribution of AuNRs@mSiO_(2)@DOTA-TATE were confirmed with AuNRs@mSiO_(2)@64Cu-DOTA-TATE under micro-positron emission tomography/computed tomography(micro-PET/CT);in the AuNRs@mSiO_(2)@DOTA-TATE with laser group,the tumour surface temperature increased rapidly,with tumour volumes similar to those in the octreotide group and significantly lower than those in other groups.There was no significant difference in mice body weight between the AuNRs@mSiO_(2)@DOTA-TATE with laser group and other groups.No significant inflammatory lesions or cell necrosis was found in the main organs.In summary,we presented a feasible strategy to construct AuNRs@mSiO_(2)@DOTA-TATE with good photothermal conversion efficiency,targetingSSTR2 ability,significant antitumour effects,and good biocompatibility,warranting further explorations of AuNRs@mSiO_(2)@DOTA-TATE for NETs therapy applications.