Lipid droplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipids in neurons,glial cells,and other cells in the nervous system.Lipid droplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic...Lipid droplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipids in neurons,glial cells,and other cells in the nervous system.Lipid droplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum.Previously,lipid droplets were recognized for their role in maintaining lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis;however,recent research has shown that lipid droplets are highly adaptive organelles with diverse functions in the nervous system.In addition to their role in regulating cell metabolism,lipid droplets play a protective role in various cellular stress responses.Furthermore,lipid droplets exhibit specific functions in neurons and glial cells.Dysregulation of lipid droplet formation leads to cellular dysfunction,metabolic abnormalities,and nervous system diseases.This review aims to provide an overview of the role of lipid droplets in the nervous system,covering topics such as biogenesis,cellular specificity,and functions.Additionally,it will explore the association between lipid droplets and neurodegenerative disorders.Understanding the involvement of lipid droplets in cell metabolic homeostasis related to the nervous system is crucial to determine the underlying causes and in exploring potential therapeutic approaches for these diseases.展开更多
In this study,an overcasting process followed by a low-temperature(200°C)annealing schedule has been developed to bond magnesium to aluminum alloys.ProCAST software was used to optimize the process parameters dur...In this study,an overcasting process followed by a low-temperature(200°C)annealing schedule has been developed to bond magnesium to aluminum alloys.ProCAST software was used to optimize the process parameters during the overcasting process which lead to Mg/Al bimetallic structures to be successfully produced without formation of Mg-Al intermetallic phases.Detailed microstructure evolution during annealing,including the formation and growth of Al-Mg interdiffusion layer and intermetallic phases(Al12Mg17 and Al3Mg2),was experimentally observed for the first time with direct evidence,and predicted using Calculation of Phase Diagrams(CALPHAD)modeling.Maximum interfacial strength was achieved when the interdiffusion layer formed at the Mg/Al interface reached a maximum thickness the without formation of brittle intermetallic compounds.The precise diffusion modeling of the Mg/Al interface provides an efficient way to optimize and control the interfacial microstructure of Mg/Al bimetallic structures for improved interfacial bonding.展开更多
The precise control of active pharmaceutical ingredient(API)crystal nucleation and polymorphism is a key consideration in pharmaceutical manufacturing.In this study,tunable nanoparticles were developed to regulate the...The precise control of active pharmaceutical ingredient(API)crystal nucleation and polymorphism is a key consideration in pharmaceutical manufacturing.In this study,tunable nanoparticles were developed to regulate the nucleation process of coumarin.Magnetic silica nanoparticles with four different functional groups(-NH_(2),-COOH,-SH,-NCO)were prepared and coated on the substrate for inducing the crystallization of coumarin.Confined melt crystallization and microspacing sublimation crystallization methods were used to investigate the regulation mechanism.The results indicated that three metastable forms of coumarin can be obtained as pure components based on the combined influence of crystallization methods and functionalized nanoparticles.FormⅡcould be selectively obtained by microspacing sublimation crystallization on Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)-SH substrates,and FormⅣcould be obtained by confined melt crystallization on Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)-NCO substrates.FormⅢcould be obtained by further heating FormⅣcrystals to 52℃on Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)-NCO substrates.Moreover,the polarized light microscopy results also indicated that the introduction of nanoparticles could also increase the stability of the metastable crystalline forms of coumarin.Finally,the diffusion and surface dynamics during nanoparticle induced crystallization were comparatively investigated and the corresponding polymorphic selectivity mechanism was proposed.展开更多
In deaerated 0.1 M KF solution at pH 5, pH 7.5 and pH 9, fluoride films were deposited on AZ31 magnesium (Mg) alloy at − 1.4 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The morphology, phase composition, elemental and com...In deaerated 0.1 M KF solution at pH 5, pH 7.5 and pH 9, fluoride films were deposited on AZ31 magnesium (Mg) alloy at − 1.4 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The morphology, phase composition, elemental and compositional depth distribution of different fluoride films and their influences on the corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy were explored in detail. The results indicated that the films deposited at weak acidic and nearly neutral pH consisted of two layers with amorphous Mg(OH)_(2) and MgF_(2) as the inner layer, and Mg(OH)_(2), MgF_(2) and KMgF_(3) crystals the outer layer. The film deposited at alkaline pH was a monolayer structure consisting of amorphous Mg(OH)_(2) as the major constitute and MgF_(2) as the minor constitute. The protectiveness of fluoride film was intimately related to its composition and structure. The content and crystal regularity of KMgF_(3) were the two main factors influencing the protectiveness of fluoride film. The fluoride film deposited at pH 7.5 offered the best protection to AZ31 Mg alloy.展开更多
Various methods for shifting the optical response of TiO_2 into the visible(Vis) range have been reported. Herein, we reported the application of a TiO_2/H_2O_2/Vis process and the effects of TiO_2 crystalline structu...Various methods for shifting the optical response of TiO_2 into the visible(Vis) range have been reported. Herein, we reported the application of a TiO_2/H_2O_2/Vis process and the effects of TiO_2 crystalline structure on the degradation of terbuthylazine. The results indicated that TiO_2 crystalline structure and H_2O_2 addition had significant effects on terbuthylazine degradation: its degradation rate could be increased from 7% to 70% with H_2O_2 addition after 180 min of reaction, the synergistic degradation of terbuthylazine by TiO_(2-)Fe^(3+) was substantially accelerated, with the degradation rate reaching up to 100% after20 min of reaction, and rutile TiO_2 showed better photocatalytic activity and a more obvious synergistic effect than anatase TiO_2. The addition of free-radical scavengers(tert-butyl alcohol or methanol) inhibited the degradation efficiency of rutile TiO_2, but had a relatively minor effect on anatase TiO_2. Fluorescence spectrophotometry analysis indicated that hydroxyl free radicals could be continuously produced when using rutile TiO_2 as the photocatalyst. Degradation of terbuthylazine catalyzed by rutile TiO_2 occurred mainly in solution, but occurred on the particle surface of the photocatalyst when catalyzed by anatase TiO_2. This study provides new insight into the role of TiO_2 crystalline structure on the degradation of terbuthylazine and its photocatalytic degradation mechanism.展开更多
Te assembly of superstructures from building blocks is of fundamental importance for engineering materials with distinct morphologies and properties,and deepening our understanding of self-assembly processes in nature...Te assembly of superstructures from building blocks is of fundamental importance for engineering materials with distinct morphologies and properties,and deepening our understanding of self-assembly processes in nature.Up to now,it is still a great challenge in materials science to construct multiple-component superstructure with unprecedented architectural complexity and symmetry from molecular.Here,we demonstrate an improved one-pot hydrothermal carbonization of biomass strategy that is capable of fabricating unprecedented asymmetric carbonaceous bivalve-like superstructures with in suit generated solid particles and ordered porous polymers as two kinds of building blocks.In our system,diferent building blocks can be controllably generated,and they will assemble into complex superstructures through a proposed“cooperative assembly of particles and ordered porous polymers”mechanism.We believe that this assembly principle will open up new potential felds for the synthesis of superstructures with diverse morphologies,compositions,and properties.展开更多
In this work,the corrosion behavior of medium-carbon steels(45,45 Cu and 45 Cuq steels)in acidic chloride environment was investigated.The results indicated that the micro-galvanic effect between the anodic ferrite ma...In this work,the corrosion behavior of medium-carbon steels(45,45 Cu and 45 Cuq steels)in acidic chloride environment was investigated.The results indicated that the micro-galvanic effect between the anodic ferrite matrix phase and the cathodic cementite secondary phase notably affected the corrosion resistance of the three steels.For 45 steel,serious pitting corrosion happened in and around the pearlite regions,and a large number of lamellar cementite was fixed in the corrosion pits.Meanwhile,the continuously increasing superficial area of cathodic cementite enhanced the micro-galvanic corrosion,resulting in a rapidly increase in corrosion rate with time.While for 45 Cu and 45 Cuq steels,macroscopic uniform corrosion occurred,and the cementite accumulation was markedly reduced as compared with 45 steel,thus the micro-galvanic effect was weakened and the corrosion rate was decreased accordingly.Among these,45 Cuq steel showed the most stable and excellent corrosion resistance during long-term corrosion,indicating the occurrence of a synergistic effect between cementite spheroidization and Cu alloying,thereby significantly improving the corrosion resistance of 45 steel.展开更多
The corrosion behavior of the as-received steel and the spheroidized steel in acidic chloride environment was investigated. The results indicate the corrosion mode and corrosion rate of two steels are diverse due to t...The corrosion behavior of the as-received steel and the spheroidized steel in acidic chloride environment was investigated. The results indicate the corrosion mode and corrosion rate of two steels are diverse due to their difference in microstructure. For as-received steel with ferrite-pearlite microstructure, severe localized corrosion happens on the pearlite regions, and plenty of cathodic cementite remains in the pits, further strengthening the micro-galvanic effect and accelerating the corrosion rate. While for spheroidized steel with tempered martensite microstructure, the nanosized cementite particles evenly distributed on the ferrite substrate are easy to fall off, which can significantly reduce the cementite accumulation on the steel surface, relieving the acceleration effect of micro-galvanic corrosion.展开更多
基金funded by Basic Research Program of Shanghai,No.20JC1412200(to JW)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2020YFA0113000(to RCZ)。
文摘Lipid droplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipids in neurons,glial cells,and other cells in the nervous system.Lipid droplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum.Previously,lipid droplets were recognized for their role in maintaining lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis;however,recent research has shown that lipid droplets are highly adaptive organelles with diverse functions in the nervous system.In addition to their role in regulating cell metabolism,lipid droplets play a protective role in various cellular stress responses.Furthermore,lipid droplets exhibit specific functions in neurons and glial cells.Dysregulation of lipid droplet formation leads to cellular dysfunction,metabolic abnormalities,and nervous system diseases.This review aims to provide an overview of the role of lipid droplets in the nervous system,covering topics such as biogenesis,cellular specificity,and functions.Additionally,it will explore the association between lipid droplets and neurodegenerative disorders.Understanding the involvement of lipid droplets in cell metabolic homeostasis related to the nervous system is crucial to determine the underlying causes and in exploring potential therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 51571080].
文摘In this study,an overcasting process followed by a low-temperature(200°C)annealing schedule has been developed to bond magnesium to aluminum alloys.ProCAST software was used to optimize the process parameters during the overcasting process which lead to Mg/Al bimetallic structures to be successfully produced without formation of Mg-Al intermetallic phases.Detailed microstructure evolution during annealing,including the formation and growth of Al-Mg interdiffusion layer and intermetallic phases(Al12Mg17 and Al3Mg2),was experimentally observed for the first time with direct evidence,and predicted using Calculation of Phase Diagrams(CALPHAD)modeling.Maximum interfacial strength was achieved when the interdiffusion layer formed at the Mg/Al interface reached a maximum thickness the without formation of brittle intermetallic compounds.The precise diffusion modeling of the Mg/Al interface provides an efficient way to optimize and control the interfacial microstructure of Mg/Al bimetallic structures for improved interfacial bonding.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21908159)the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(18JCZDJC38100)。
文摘The precise control of active pharmaceutical ingredient(API)crystal nucleation and polymorphism is a key consideration in pharmaceutical manufacturing.In this study,tunable nanoparticles were developed to regulate the nucleation process of coumarin.Magnetic silica nanoparticles with four different functional groups(-NH_(2),-COOH,-SH,-NCO)were prepared and coated on the substrate for inducing the crystallization of coumarin.Confined melt crystallization and microspacing sublimation crystallization methods were used to investigate the regulation mechanism.The results indicated that three metastable forms of coumarin can be obtained as pure components based on the combined influence of crystallization methods and functionalized nanoparticles.FormⅡcould be selectively obtained by microspacing sublimation crystallization on Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)-SH substrates,and FormⅣcould be obtained by confined melt crystallization on Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)-NCO substrates.FormⅢcould be obtained by further heating FormⅣcrystals to 52℃on Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)-NCO substrates.Moreover,the polarized light microscopy results also indicated that the introduction of nanoparticles could also increase the stability of the metastable crystalline forms of coumarin.Finally,the diffusion and surface dynamics during nanoparticle induced crystallization were comparatively investigated and the corresponding polymorphic selectivity mechanism was proposed.
基金This work was finically supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51701221)the Major R&D Project of Liaoning province(2020JH1/10100001)+1 种基金the State Key laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application(No.SKLMEA-K201907)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2019193,KGFZD-135-19-02).
文摘In deaerated 0.1 M KF solution at pH 5, pH 7.5 and pH 9, fluoride films were deposited on AZ31 magnesium (Mg) alloy at − 1.4 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The morphology, phase composition, elemental and compositional depth distribution of different fluoride films and their influences on the corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy were explored in detail. The results indicated that the films deposited at weak acidic and nearly neutral pH consisted of two layers with amorphous Mg(OH)_(2) and MgF_(2) as the inner layer, and Mg(OH)_(2), MgF_(2) and KMgF_(3) crystals the outer layer. The film deposited at alkaline pH was a monolayer structure consisting of amorphous Mg(OH)_(2) as the major constitute and MgF_(2) as the minor constitute. The protectiveness of fluoride film was intimately related to its composition and structure. The content and crystal regularity of KMgF_(3) were the two main factors influencing the protectiveness of fluoride film. The fluoride film deposited at pH 7.5 offered the best protection to AZ31 Mg alloy.
基金financially supported by the 2017 Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20170306144117642)
文摘Various methods for shifting the optical response of TiO_2 into the visible(Vis) range have been reported. Herein, we reported the application of a TiO_2/H_2O_2/Vis process and the effects of TiO_2 crystalline structure on the degradation of terbuthylazine. The results indicated that TiO_2 crystalline structure and H_2O_2 addition had significant effects on terbuthylazine degradation: its degradation rate could be increased from 7% to 70% with H_2O_2 addition after 180 min of reaction, the synergistic degradation of terbuthylazine by TiO_(2-)Fe^(3+) was substantially accelerated, with the degradation rate reaching up to 100% after20 min of reaction, and rutile TiO_2 showed better photocatalytic activity and a more obvious synergistic effect than anatase TiO_2. The addition of free-radical scavengers(tert-butyl alcohol or methanol) inhibited the degradation efficiency of rutile TiO_2, but had a relatively minor effect on anatase TiO_2. Fluorescence spectrophotometry analysis indicated that hydroxyl free radicals could be continuously produced when using rutile TiO_2 as the photocatalyst. Degradation of terbuthylazine catalyzed by rutile TiO_2 occurred mainly in solution, but occurred on the particle surface of the photocatalyst when catalyzed by anatase TiO_2. This study provides new insight into the role of TiO_2 crystalline structure on the degradation of terbuthylazine and its photocatalytic degradation mechanism.
基金Financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFA0202900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21622308,91534114)+1 种基金the Key Program Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(LZ18B060002)and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2017XZZX002-16)is greatly appreciated.
文摘Te assembly of superstructures from building blocks is of fundamental importance for engineering materials with distinct morphologies and properties,and deepening our understanding of self-assembly processes in nature.Up to now,it is still a great challenge in materials science to construct multiple-component superstructure with unprecedented architectural complexity and symmetry from molecular.Here,we demonstrate an improved one-pot hydrothermal carbonization of biomass strategy that is capable of fabricating unprecedented asymmetric carbonaceous bivalve-like superstructures with in suit generated solid particles and ordered porous polymers as two kinds of building blocks.In our system,diferent building blocks can be controllably generated,and they will assemble into complex superstructures through a proposed“cooperative assembly of particles and ordered porous polymers”mechanism.We believe that this assembly principle will open up new potential felds for the synthesis of superstructures with diverse morphologies,compositions,and properties.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(No.2019JH3/30100037)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1867216,51701222)State Key Laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application(No.SKLMEA-K201907)。
文摘In this work,the corrosion behavior of medium-carbon steels(45,45 Cu and 45 Cuq steels)in acidic chloride environment was investigated.The results indicated that the micro-galvanic effect between the anodic ferrite matrix phase and the cathodic cementite secondary phase notably affected the corrosion resistance of the three steels.For 45 steel,serious pitting corrosion happened in and around the pearlite regions,and a large number of lamellar cementite was fixed in the corrosion pits.Meanwhile,the continuously increasing superficial area of cathodic cementite enhanced the micro-galvanic corrosion,resulting in a rapidly increase in corrosion rate with time.While for 45 Cu and 45 Cuq steels,macroscopic uniform corrosion occurred,and the cementite accumulation was markedly reduced as compared with 45 steel,thus the micro-galvanic effect was weakened and the corrosion rate was decreased accordingly.Among these,45 Cuq steel showed the most stable and excellent corrosion resistance during long-term corrosion,indicating the occurrence of a synergistic effect between cementite spheroidization and Cu alloying,thereby significantly improving the corrosion resistance of 45 steel.
基金financial support of the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(2019JH3/30100037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1867216)the State Key Laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application(No.SKLMEA-K201907)。
文摘The corrosion behavior of the as-received steel and the spheroidized steel in acidic chloride environment was investigated. The results indicate the corrosion mode and corrosion rate of two steels are diverse due to their difference in microstructure. For as-received steel with ferrite-pearlite microstructure, severe localized corrosion happens on the pearlite regions, and plenty of cathodic cementite remains in the pits, further strengthening the micro-galvanic effect and accelerating the corrosion rate. While for spheroidized steel with tempered martensite microstructure, the nanosized cementite particles evenly distributed on the ferrite substrate are easy to fall off, which can significantly reduce the cementite accumulation on the steel surface, relieving the acceleration effect of micro-galvanic corrosion.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.91534114,21622308)the Key Program Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (No.LZ18B060002]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2017XZZXO02-16).
基金Financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21376208 and 91534114),the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No.LR13B030001),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the Partner Group Program of the Zhejiang University and the Max-Planck Society is appreciated greatly.