Primarily screening and analyzing ESTs differentially expressed in rats' primary liver cancer

Objective： To screen and analyze key express sequence tags （ESTs） which were differentially displayed in every period of SD rats＇ primary hepatic carcinoma and reveal the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis. Methods： Using diethylnitrosamine （DENA） as a cancerigenic agent, animal models with different phases of primary hepatic cancer were constructed in SD rats. Rats were respectively sacrificed at d 14, d 28, d 56, d 77, d 105 and d 112 after the rats received DENA by gavage, then the livers were harvested. One part of the livers was classified according to their pathological changes, while the other was reserved for molecular mechanism studies on hepatocarcinogenesis. The differentially expressed genes were isolated from both normal and morbid tissues by mRNA differential display technique （DDRT-PCR）. After the fragments were sequenced, bioinformatics were .used to analyze the results. Results： Twelve differentially expressed cDNA fragments were obtained. Nine fragments had the homology with known cDNA clones, especially EST-7 was similar to BN/SsNHsdMCW mitochondrion gene and the identity was 100% which suggested EST-7 may be the part of BN/SsNHsdMCW mitochondrion gene. In contrast, other three fragments （EST-1, EST-3 and EST-5） had extremely low identity to any genes registered in GENBANK databases. Conclusions： BN/SsNHsdMCW mitochondrion gene was expressed in different periods of hepatocarcinogenesis. Moreover, EST-I, EST-3 and EST-5 were suggested to contribute to the development of rat hepatocarcinogenesis, and thus may be candidates of new targets of oncogenes or cancer suppressor genes.

Decoupling scenario of economic growth and ecological environment pressure and influence factors of carbon emissions in Shandong Province

Based on the panel data of 17 prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province from 2007 to 2016,this paper studies the decoupling relationship between economic growth and ecological environment pressure in different prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province,and analyses the influencing factors by using decoupling model and LMDI decomposition model.It concludes that the economic growth of the main cities in Shandong Province is relatively decoupled from the pressure of ecological environment;the population and economic factors are the main factors leading to the increase of carbon emissions,and the energy efficiency is constantly improving in China,which contributes to carbon emissions reduction in those areas.On the side,it demonstrates the basis and realistic possibility of the transformation of new and old kinetic energy.

Vibration of two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride

The dynamic behavior of two-dimensional nanostructures is important to the future application of nano devices. The vibrational behaviors of single-layered hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN) are studied by molecular dynamics simulation and continuum plate model. The bending stiffness and Poisson’s ratios of h-BN along zigzag direction and armchair direction are calculated. H-BN is softer compared with graphene. The continuum plate model can predict the vibration of h-BN with four edge-clamped boundary conditions well. The electric fields in different directions have obvious influence on the vibration of h-BN. The natural frequency of h-BN changes linearly with the electric field intensity along the polarization direction. The natural frequency of h-BN decreases with the increase of electric field intensity along both positive and negative nonpolarization direction. While the natural frequency of h-BN increases with the increase of electric field intensity along both positive and negative transverse electric field.

The realization of a wide-angle voice transmission non-line-ofsight ultraviolet communication system

A 300 kbps wide-angle non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communication system with voice transmission function is designed here.Based on Poisson distribution theory,we design the symbol detecting method for the receiving discrete photon signals.Using 272 nm LED array as the light source and PMT as the detector,the voice transceiver is integrated into the carriable size of 200×90×65 mm^(3).An outfield test shows the system obtains the BER of 0.88% under 200 m.Under 10°wide-angle deviation of the transmitter,a BER below 1.33% is achieved.

SARS-Co V-2 N蛋白不同片段制备及其在荧光层析中的应用

表达纯化新型冠状病毒核衣壳(N)蛋白不同片段,建立新冠病毒总抗体荧光免疫层析方法并评价不同蛋白片段对该方法的影响。利用生物信息学技术对N蛋白序列进行分析、合成及原核表达、纯化,制备不同N蛋白片段;采用1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺(1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride,EDC)法荧光微球偶联抗原建立夹心荧光层析抗体检测方法,并分别进行性能评价。在制备的4个N蛋白片段中优选出全长N蛋白(N419)包被,N412加入0.5mol/L NaCl进行标记作为最优组合;删掉N抗原N端第91–120位氨基酸(N412)可减少87.5%的非特异性干扰;线性范围为0.312–80U/L,最低检出限为0.165U/L,准确度在95%以上。优选配对N蛋白片段建立的新冠病毒总抗体荧光免疫层析检测方法,与广州万孚试纸条对比总符合率为98%,有望用于新型冠状病毒的辅助检测,同时为新冠抗体检测试剂性能的提升提供实验依据和借鉴。

范德瓦耳斯力对低维纳尺度结构振动特性的影响

范德瓦耳斯力对纳米材料的物理、化学、电学和力学等特性有着非常重要的影响,甚至是决定性因素.范德瓦耳斯力是影响纳尺度结构本构关系、边界条件的重要因素,进而影响其线性振动的固有频率和非线性动力学行为.本文主要介绍范德瓦耳斯力对纳尺度结构的力学行为的影响,尤其关注范德瓦耳斯力对纳尺度结构振动特性影响的最新研究进展;并对由于范德瓦耳斯力的存在,纳尺度结构动力学所面临的问题及其发展趋势做了初步展望.

Does environmental infrastructure investment contribute to emissions reduction?A case of China

Environmental infrastructure investment(EII)is an important environmental policy instrument on responding to greenhouse gas(GHG)emission and air pollution.This paper employs an improved stochastic impact by regression on population,affluence and technology(STRIPAT)model by using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces and municipalities for the period of 2003–2015 to investigate the effect of EII on CO2 emissions,SO2 emissions,and PM2.5 pollution.The results indicate that EII has a positive and significant effect on mitigating CO2 emission.However,the effect of EII on SO2 emission fluctuated although it still contributes to the reduction of PM2.5 pollution through technology innovations.Energy intensity has the largest impact on GHG emissions and air pollution,followed by GDP per capita and industrial structure.In addition,the effect of EII on environmental issues varies in different regions.Such findings suggest that policies on EII should be region-specific so that more appropriate mitigation policies can be raised by considering the local realities.

Antibiotics in global rivers

Antibiotics have received extensive attention due to their sophisticated effects on human health and ecosystems.However,there is an extreme scarcity of information on composition,content,geographic distribution,and risk of riverine antibiotics at a large spatial scale.Based on a systematic review of over 600 pieces of literature(1999-2021),we established a global dataset containing more than 90,000 records covering 169 antibiotics and their metabolites in surface water and sediment across 76 countries.The occurrence of prioritized antibiotics largely depended on socioeconomic developmental levels,and the current“hotspots”of polluted rivers were found mostly in less developed countries or emerging economies(e.g.,some in Africa,South America,and Asia).By developing the screening protocol for risk-based prioritization of antibiotics,we advanced a rank list of antibiotics for guiding formulation of region-specific strategies,which highlighted the importance of whole life cycle management of antibiotics in health maintenance of the world’s rivers.

细胞骨架蛋白4荧光免疫层析检测方法的建立

采用基于免疫层析技术与荧光微球标记技术相结合的方式,建立一种快速、简单的定量检测肝癌肿瘤标记物的方法。依据双抗体夹心原理,将细胞骨架蛋白4(CKAP4)配对抗体分别作为标记与包被抗体,羊抗兔多抗作为质控线包被抗体,制备CKAP4荧光免疫层析试纸条,并对试纸条的线性、精密性、稳定性等各项性能指标进行评价。结果表明,采用时间分辨荧光微球所制备的CKAP4免疫层析试纸条灵敏度高,特异性好,精密性在15%以内,回收率在85%–115%之间,线性范围为25–1000 pg/mL,可在37℃稳定保存20 d,与商业化的ELISA试剂盒的相关性良好。结论:初步建立了CKAP4荧光免疫层析方法,能够定量检测血清中CKAP4的含量,且具有快速、灵敏、简便、经济、可单人份操作等优点,有望成为肝癌辅助诊疗的新方法。

Chromosome-scale genome of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mekongi and its implications for public health

Background Schistosoma mekongi is a human blood fluke causing schistosomiasis that threatens approximately 1.5 million humans in the world. Nonetheless, the limited availableS. mekongi genomic resources have hindered understanding of its biology and parasite-host interactions for disease management and pathogen control. The aim of our study was to integrate multiple technologies to construct a high-quality chromosome-level assembly of theS. mekongi genome.Methods The reference genome forS. mekongi was generated through integrating Illumina, PacBio sequencing, 10 × Genomics linked-read sequencing, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) methods. In this study, we conducted de novo assembly, alignment, and gene prediction to assemble and annotate the genome. Comparative genomics allowed us to compare genomes across different species, shedding light on conserved regions and evolutionary relationships. Additionally, our transcriptomic analysis focused on genes associated with parasite-snail interactions inS. mekongi infection. We employed gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis for functional annotation of these genes.Results In the present study, theS. mekongi genome was both assembled into 8 pseudochromosomes with a length of 404 Mb, with contig N50 and scaffold N50 lengths of 1168 kb and 46,759 kb, respectively. We detected that 43% of the genome consists of repeat sequences and predicted 9103 protein-coding genes. We also focused on proteases, particularly leishmanolysin-like metalloproteases (M8), which are crucial in the invasion of hosts by 12 flatworm species. Through phylogenetic analysis, it was discovered that the M8 gene exhibits lineage-specific amplification among the genusSchistosoma. Lineage-specific expansion of M8 was observed in blood flukes. Additionally, the results of the RNA-seq revealed that a mass of genes related to metabolic and biosynthetic processes were upregulated, which might be beneficial for cercaria production.Conclusions This study delivers a high-quality, chromosome-scale reference genome ofS. mekongi, enhancing our understanding of the divergence and evolution ofSchistosoma. The molecular research conducted here also plays a pivotal role in drug discovery and vaccine development. Furthermore, our work greatly advances the understanding of host-parasite interactions, providing crucial insights for schistosomiasis intervention strategies.

Investigation of UV–TiO_2 photocatalysis and its mechanism in Bacillus subtilis spore inactivation

The inactivation levels of Bacillus subtilis spores for various disinfection processes （ultraviolet （UV）, TiO2 and UV-TiO2） were compared. The results showed that the inactivation effect of B. subtilis spores by UV treatment alone was far below that for bacteria without endospores. TiO2 alone in the dark, as a control experiment, exhibited almost no inactivation effect. Compared with UV treatment alone, the inactivation effect increased significantly with the addition of TiO2. Increases of the UV irradiance and Ti02 concentration both contributed to the increase of the inactivation effect. Lipid peroxidation was found to be the underlying mechanism of inactivation. Malondialdehyde （MDA）, the degradation product of lipid peroxidation, was used as an index to determine the extent of the reaction. The MDA concentration surged surprisingly to 3.24 nmol/mg dry cell with the combination disinfection for 600 see （0.10 mW/cm2 irradiance and 10 mg/L TiO2）. In contrast, for UV alone or TiO2 in the dark, the MDA concentration was 0.38 and 0.25 nmol/mg dry cell, respectively, under the same conditions. This indicated that both UV and TiO2 were essential for lipid peroxidation. Changes in cell ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The cell membrane was heavily damaged and cellular contents were completely lysed with the UV-TiO2 process, suggesting that lipid peroxidation was the root of the enhancement in inactivation efficiency.