Boosting MA-based two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite solar cells by incorporating a binary spacer

Two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper(2DRP)perovskite exhibits excellent stability in perovskite solar cells(PSCs)due to introducing hydrophobic long-chain organic spacers.However,the poor charge transporting property of bulky organic cation spacers limits the performance of 2DRP PSCs.Inspired by the Asite cation alloying strategy in 3D perovskites,2DRP perovskites with a binary spacer can promote charge transporting compared to the unary spacer counterparts.Herein,the superior MA-based 2DRP perovskite films with a binary spacer,including 3-guanidinopropanoic acid(GPA)and 4-fluorophenethylamine(FPEA)are realized.These films(GPA_(0.85)FPEA_(0.15))_(2)MA_(4)Pb_5I_(16)show good morphology,large grain size,decreased trap state density,and preferential orientation of the as-prepared film.Accordingly,the present 2DRP-based PSC with the binary spacer achieves a remarkable efficiency of 18.37%with a V_(OC)of1.15 V,a J_(SC)of 20.13 mA cm^(-2),and an FF of 79.23%.To our knowledge,the PCE value should be the highest for binary spacer MA-based 2DRP(n≤5)PSCs to date.Importantly,owing to the hydrophobic fluorine group of FPEA and the enhanced interlayer interaction by FPEA,the unencapsulated 2DRP PSCs based on binary spacers exhibit much excellent humidity stability and thermal stability than the unary spacer counterparts.

The quaternion beam model for hard-magnetic flexible cantilevers

The recently developed hard-magnetic soft(HMS)materials manufactured by embedding high-coercivity micro-particles into soft matrices have received considerable attention from researchers in diverse fields,e.g.,soft robotics,flexible electronics,and biomedicine.Theoretical investigations on large deformations of HMS structures are significant foundations of their applications.This work is devoted to developing a powerful theoretical tool for modeling and computing the complicated nonplanar deformations of flexible beams.A so-called quaternion beam model is proposed to break the singularity limitation of the existing geometrically exact(GE)beam model.The singularity-free governing equations for the three-dimensional(3D)large deformations of an HMS beam are first derived,and then solved with the Galerkin discretization method and the trustregion-dogleg iterative algorithm.The correctness of this new model and the utilized algorithms is verified by comparing the present results with the previous ones.The superiority of a quaternion beam model in calculating the complicated large deformations of a flexible beam is shown through several benchmark examples.It is found that the purpose of the HMS beam deformation is to eliminate the direction deviation between the residual magnetization and the applied magnetic field.The proposed new model and the revealed mechanism are supposed to be useful for guiding the engineering applications of flexible structures.

Theoretical and numerical analysis of coal dust separated by centrifugal force for working and heading faces

In order to meet engineering needs of Chinese underground coal mines,a new dust-collecting fan,a device of dust separated by centrifugal force in driven cyclone passageway(DCCP)was designed.In centrifugal dust removal section(CDRS)of DCCP,a general equation is derived from the principle of force equilibrium.According to CDRS structure parameters and fan running parameters,the general equation is simplified,and the simplest equation is calculated numerically by MATLAB.The calculation results illustrate that increasing quantity of air current is against dust removal,but it is beneficial to dust removal by increasing the radius of driven spiral blade and increasing the particle diameter of coal dust.The conclusions show that the dust-collecting structure parameters coupled with the fan running parameters is a novel optimization approach to dust-collection fan for working and heading faces,which is especially suitable for Chinese underground mines.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast:a review of 126 cases in China

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast (NECB) accounts for approximately 0.3%-0.5% of all breast cancers [1, 2]. Due to the rarity of NECB, current understanding of this disease in China is limited to case reports and small case series, and large data analysis is still lacking. Therefore, we conducted the most comprehensive literature search to date, aiming to analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics as well as treatment and outcome of NECB in the Chinese population.

Detraining after tumor-bearing accelerates tumor growth while continuous training decreases tumor growth in mice

Objective:Previous studies have shown that exercise suppresses tumor growth.However,the effects of exercise with different intensities and exercise detraining after tumor-bearing on tumor progression remain unclear.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of continuous and disrupted free and exhausted swimming training after tumor-bearing on tumor progression in melanoma B16-F10-bearing C57BL/6 mice.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were subjected to free or exhausted swimming exercise training for 4 weeks prior to the injection of melanoma B16-F10 cells.Subsequently,the B16-F10-bearing mice were maintained with training consisting of free or exhausted swimming or without exercise for 2 weeks during the tumor challenge.Results:The tumor weight was increased by 42%and 109%in mice with 4-week exhausted swimming prior to B16-F10 tumor cells inoculation followed by 2-week training cessation compared with the tumor-bearing control(P<.05)and continuous training groups(P<.01).Tumor weights in groups with exercise detraining after tumor cell inoculation tended to be increased,while the proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes tended to be decreased compared with the group that maintained exercise intensity.After 6-weeks continuous free or exhausted swimming training,the tumor weight of mice was decreased and the proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes was increased compared with the tumor-bearing control group.The frequency of natural killer cells in tumors was increased in all exercise training groups of mice.Conclusions:These results suggest that maintaining exercise intensity after tumor-bearing slows tumor growth in mice,possibly because of the enhanced proliferative activity of splenic lymphocytes rather than natural killer cell infiltration.However,detraining after tumor-bearing might accelerate tumor progression because of the reduced proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes.

“面向海外,面向港澳台”的应用化学一流专业改革与实践

暨南大学应用化学专业经历30多年的发展与建设,已经形成了“面向海外,面向港澳台”的专业特色和优势。本文介绍我校在国家“双一流”建设的背景下,应用化学一流本科专业建设面临的机遇和挑战,以及围绕“人才培养”这一中心任务进行的相应改革举措,指出建设中存在的问题,为应用化学一流专业建设提供一些借鉴和思路。

Single cell RNA and immune repertoire prowling of COVID-19 patients reveal novel neutralizing antibody

There is no doubt that COVID-19 outbreak is currently the biggest public health threat,which has caused catastrophic con sequences in many countries and regions.As host immunity is key to fighting against virus infection,it is important to characterize the immunologic changes in the COVID-19 patients,and to explore potential therapeutic candidates.The most efficient ways to end this pandemic are to vaccinate the susceptible population,and to use specific drugs,such as monoclonal antibodies against the viral spike protein(S protein),to treat the affected individuals.Several promising neutralizing antibodies have recently been reported(Cao et al.,2020;Lv et al.,2020).

SARS-CoV-2 spike host cell surface exposure promoted by a COPI sorting inhibitor

Via an insufficient coat protein complex I(COPI)retrieval signal,the majority of SARSCo V-2 spike(S)is resident in host early secretory organelles and a tiny amount is leaked out in cell surface.Only surface-exposed S can be recognized by B cell receptor(BCR)or anti-S therapeutic monoclonal antibodies(m Abs)that is the trigger step for B cell activation after S m RNA vaccination or infected cell clearance by S m Abs.Now,a drug strategy to promote S host surface exposure is absent.Here,we first combined structural and biochemical analysis to characterize S COPI sorting signals.A potent S COPI sorting inhibitor was then invented,evidently capable of promoting S surface exposure and facilitating infected cell clearance by S antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity(ADCC).Importantly,with the inhibitor as a probe,we revealed Omicron BA.1 S is less cell surface exposed than prototypes because of a constellation of S folding mutations,possibly corresponding to its ER chaperone association.Our findings not only suggest COPI is a druggable target against COVID-19,but also highlight SARS-Co V-2 evolution mechanism driven by S folding and trafficking mutations.

Multi-objective optimization of mechanical ventilation with the aid of purifiers in two scenarios:Regular operation and mitigating the spread of respiratory infectious diseases

COVID-19 and its impact on society have raised concerns about scaling up mechanical ventilation(MV)systems and the energy consequences.This paper attempted to combine MV and portable air cleaners(PACs)to achieve acceptable indoor air quality(IAQ)and energy reduction in two scenarios:regular operation and mitigating the spread of respiratory infectious diseases(RIDs).We proposed a multi-objective optimization method that combined the NSGA-II and TOPSIS techniques to determine the total equivalent ventilation rate of the MV-PAC system in both scenarios.The concentrations of PM_(2.5) and CO_(2) were primary indicators for IAQ.The modified Wells-Riley equation was adopted to predict RID transmissions.An open office with an MV-PAC system was used to demonstrate the method’s applicability.Meanwhile,a field study was conducted to validate the method and evaluate occupants’perceptions of the MV-PAC system.Results showed that optimal solutions of the combined system can be obtained based on various IAQ requirements,seasons,outdoor conditions,etc.For regular operation,PACs were generally prioritized to maintain IAQ while reducing energy consumption even when outdoor PM_(2.5) concentration was high.MV can remain constant or be reduced at low occupancies.In RID scenarios,it is possible to mitigate transmissions when the quanta were<48 h^(−1).No significant difference was found in the subjective perception of the MV and PACs.Moreover,the effects of infiltration on the optimal solution can be substantial.Nonetheless,our results suggested that an MV-PAC system can replace the MV system for offices for daily use and RID mitigation.

鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型ORF25B编码蛋白诱饵载体的构建及其互作蛋白的筛选

【目的】鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(Cyprinid herpesvirus 2,CyHV-2)感染养殖鲫引起的鲫造血器官坏死病,给鲫养殖业造成了重大的经济损失。揭示CyHV-2感染宿主细胞的机制,是建立鲫造血器官坏死病有效防治技术的重要基础。【方法】本研究针对CyHV-2富含抗原表位的ORF25B区域设计引物,扩增ORF25B基因截短序列。将扩增产物克隆至酵母双杂交诱饵载体pGBKT7,构建诱饵载体pGBKT7-tORF25B,转化至酵母菌株Y2HGold中。在营养缺陷型培养基上,验证诱饵表达载体pGBKT7-tORF25B对酵母菌Y2HGold自激活现象和毒性作用。利用酵母双杂交技术,将诱饵菌株pGBKT7-tORF25B/Y2HGold与鲫脑组织细胞系(GiCB)cDNA文库杂交。【结果】ORF25B基因截短序列扩增大小约为981 bp,成功构建了诱饵菌株pGBKT7-tORF25B/Y2H Gold,自激活和毒性验证结果表明,诱饵表达载体对酵母菌株无自激活现象,也无毒性作用,初步筛选出4种与tORF25B基因编码蛋白互作的宿主蛋白。【结论】本研究结果为深入开展CyHV-2 ORF25B编码蛋白功能及病毒入侵宿主细胞的机制研究奠定了重要基础。