A bidirectional in vitro brain–computer interface(BCI)directly connects isolated brain cells with the surrounding environment,reads neural signals and inputs modulatory instructions.As a noninvasive BCI,it has clear ...A bidirectional in vitro brain–computer interface(BCI)directly connects isolated brain cells with the surrounding environment,reads neural signals and inputs modulatory instructions.As a noninvasive BCI,it has clear advantages in understanding and exploiting advanced brain function due to the simplified structure and high controllability of ex vivo neural networks.However,the core of ex vivo BCIs,microelectrode arrays(MEAs),urgently need improvements in the strength of signal detection,precision of neural modulation and biocompatibility.Notably,nanomaterial-based MEAs cater to all the requirements by converging the multilevel neural signals and simultaneously applying stimuli at an excellent spatiotemporal resolution,as well as supporting long-term cultivation of neurons.This is enabled by the advantageous electrochemical characteristics of nanomaterials,such as their active atomic reactivity and outstanding charge conduction efficiency,improving the performance of MEAs.Here,we review the fabrication of nanomaterial-based MEAs applied to bidirectional in vitro BCIs from an interdisciplinary perspective.We also consider the decoding and coding of neural activity through the interface and highlight the various usages of MEAs coupled with the dissociated neural cultures to benefit future developments of BCIs.展开更多
Threatened animals respond with appropriate defensive behaviors to survive.It has been accepted that midbrain periaqueductal gray(PAG)plays an essential role in the circuitry system and organizes defensive behavioral ...Threatened animals respond with appropriate defensive behaviors to survive.It has been accepted that midbrain periaqueductal gray(PAG)plays an essential role in the circuitry system and organizes defensive behavioral responses.However,the role and correlation of different PAG subregions in the expression of different defensive behaviors remain largely unexplored.Here,we designed and manufactured a microelectrode array(MEA)to simultaneously detect the activities of dPAG and vPAG neurons in freely behaving rats.To improve the detection performance of the MEAs,PtNP/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposites were modified onto the MEAs.Subsequently,the predator odor was used to induce the rat’s innate fear,and the changes and information transmission in neuronal activities were detected in the dPAG and vPAG.Our results showed that the dPAG and vPAG participated in innate fear,but the activation degree was distinct in different defense behaviors.During flight,neuronal responses were stronger and earlier in the dPAG than the vPAG,while vPAG neurons responded more strongly during freezing.By applying high-performance MEA,it was revealed that neural information spread from the activated dPAG to the weakly activated vPAG.Our research also revealed that dPAG and vPAG neurons exhibited different defensive discharge characteristics,and dPAG neurons participated in the regulation of defense responses with burst-firing patterns.The slow activation and continuous firing of vPAG neurons cooresponded with the regulation of long-term freezing responses.The results demonstrated the important role of PAG neuronal activities in controlling different aspects of defensive behaviors and provided novel insights for investigating defense from the electrophysiological perspective.展开更多
Terahertz waves can interact with the nervous system of organisms under certain conditions.Compared to common optical modulation methods,terahertz waves have the advantages of low photon energy and low risk;therefore,...Terahertz waves can interact with the nervous system of organisms under certain conditions.Compared to common optical modulation methods,terahertz waves have the advantages of low photon energy and low risk;therefore,the use of terahertz waves to regulate the nervous system is a promising new method of neuromodulation.However,most of the research has focused on the use of terahertz technology for biodetection,while relatively little research has been carried out on the biological effects of terahertz radiation on the nervous system,and there are almost no review papers on this topic.In the present article,we begin by reviewing principles and objects of research regarding the biological effects of terahertz radiation and summarizing the current state of related research from a variety of aspects,including the bioeffects of terahertz radiation on neurons in vivo and in vitro,novel regulation and detection methods with terahertz radiation devices and neural microelectrode arrays,and theoretical simulations of neural information encoding and decoding.In addition,we discuss the main problems and their possible causes and give some recommendations on possible future breakthroughs.This paper will provide insight and assistance to researchers in the fields of neuroscience,terahertz technology and biomedicine.展开更多
With time passing imperceptibly,Microsystems&Nanoengineering has indeed attracted the attention of its international peers in MEMS and nanotechnology since it was launched as a new journal on May 28,2015.Microsyst...With time passing imperceptibly,Microsystems&Nanoengineering has indeed attracted the attention of its international peers in MEMS and nanotechnology since it was launched as a new journal on May 28,2015.Microsystems&Nanoengineering is the first engineering journal co-published by the Nature Publishing Group(NPG)and the Institute of Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences(IECAS).On behalf of the editorial board of Microsystems&Nanoengineering,we would like to express our deep gratitude to our readers,authors,and reviewers.We sincerely thank all of you for your strong and consistent support!展开更多
After extensive collaboration and detailed planning,the Nature Publishing Group(NPG)and the Institute of Electronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IECAS)are very proud to launch the co-published academic journal,Microsy...After extensive collaboration and detailed planning,the Nature Publishing Group(NPG)and the Institute of Electronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IECAS)are very proud to launch the co-published academic journal,Microsystems&Nanoengineering,onMay 28,2015.We consider it as a great honor to write this editorial for the birth of this journal.展开更多
Remote sensing(RS)is a fast-growing emerging interdisciplinary field focused on observing our planet and living environment.The number of publications in this field increases dramatically from about 921 documents in 1...Remote sensing(RS)is a fast-growing emerging interdisciplinary field focused on observing our planet and living environment.The number of publications in this field increases dramatically from about 921 documents in 1999 to 8,242 documents in 2019 according to the records in the Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-EXPANDED)database.While there are many journals publishing new developments in RS,the space is still limited to cover the thousands of exciting articles each year to document the advancement in both RS science and technology.This journal,supported by the Science Partner Journal program,with editorial board members composed of internationally renowned scientists,is aimed at providing a new space to publish high-quality,online-only papers on RS theory,science,techniques,and applications that are related to the Earth systems.More importantly,unlike many RS journals where financial profit is also one of the main goals,this journal is solely focused on the communication and distribution of knowledge in RS.Articles are free to publish through June 2023 and will always be free to read for everyone.Authors are also strongly encouraged to deposit the data that supports their research in a trusted repository that supports the FAIR principles.We will strive hard to best serve the RS community.展开更多
基金sponsored by the Frontier Interdisciplinary Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.XK2022XXC003)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.L2224042,61960206012,62121003,T2293731,62171434,61975206,61971400 and 61973292)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2022YFC2402501,2022YFB3205602)Major Program of Scientific and Technical Innovation 2030 (No.2021ZD02016030)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.GJJSTD20210004).
文摘A bidirectional in vitro brain–computer interface(BCI)directly connects isolated brain cells with the surrounding environment,reads neural signals and inputs modulatory instructions.As a noninvasive BCI,it has clear advantages in understanding and exploiting advanced brain function due to the simplified structure and high controllability of ex vivo neural networks.However,the core of ex vivo BCIs,microelectrode arrays(MEAs),urgently need improvements in the strength of signal detection,precision of neural modulation and biocompatibility.Notably,nanomaterial-based MEAs cater to all the requirements by converging the multilevel neural signals and simultaneously applying stimuli at an excellent spatiotemporal resolution,as well as supporting long-term cultivation of neurons.This is enabled by the advantageous electrochemical characteristics of nanomaterials,such as their active atomic reactivity and outstanding charge conduction efficiency,improving the performance of MEAs.Here,we review the fabrication of nanomaterial-based MEAs applied to bidirectional in vitro BCIs from an interdisciplinary perspective.We also consider the decoding and coding of neural activity through the interface and highlight the various usages of MEAs coupled with the dissociated neural cultures to benefit future developments of BCIs.
基金This work was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2293731,L2224042,61988102,62121003,61960206012,62171434,61971400,61975206,and 61973292)the Frontier Interdisciplinary Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XK2022XXC003)+2 种基金STI 2030-Major Projects 2021ZD0201600the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2402501)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(GJJSTD20210004).
文摘Threatened animals respond with appropriate defensive behaviors to survive.It has been accepted that midbrain periaqueductal gray(PAG)plays an essential role in the circuitry system and organizes defensive behavioral responses.However,the role and correlation of different PAG subregions in the expression of different defensive behaviors remain largely unexplored.Here,we designed and manufactured a microelectrode array(MEA)to simultaneously detect the activities of dPAG and vPAG neurons in freely behaving rats.To improve the detection performance of the MEAs,PtNP/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposites were modified onto the MEAs.Subsequently,the predator odor was used to induce the rat’s innate fear,and the changes and information transmission in neuronal activities were detected in the dPAG and vPAG.Our results showed that the dPAG and vPAG participated in innate fear,but the activation degree was distinct in different defense behaviors.During flight,neuronal responses were stronger and earlier in the dPAG than the vPAG,while vPAG neurons responded more strongly during freezing.By applying high-performance MEA,it was revealed that neural information spread from the activated dPAG to the weakly activated vPAG.Our research also revealed that dPAG and vPAG neurons exhibited different defensive discharge characteristics,and dPAG neurons participated in the regulation of defense responses with burst-firing patterns.The slow activation and continuous firing of vPAG neurons cooresponded with the regulation of long-term freezing responses.The results demonstrated the important role of PAG neuronal activities in controlling different aspects of defensive behaviors and provided novel insights for investigating defense from the electrophysiological perspective.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(L2224042,61988102,T2293731,62121003,61960206012,62171434,61975206 and 61973292)the Frontier Interdisciplinary Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XK2022XXC003)+1 种基金STI 2030-Major Projects 2021ZD0201600,the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2402501)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(GJJSTD20210004).
文摘Terahertz waves can interact with the nervous system of organisms under certain conditions.Compared to common optical modulation methods,terahertz waves have the advantages of low photon energy and low risk;therefore,the use of terahertz waves to regulate the nervous system is a promising new method of neuromodulation.However,most of the research has focused on the use of terahertz technology for biodetection,while relatively little research has been carried out on the biological effects of terahertz radiation on the nervous system,and there are almost no review papers on this topic.In the present article,we begin by reviewing principles and objects of research regarding the biological effects of terahertz radiation and summarizing the current state of related research from a variety of aspects,including the bioeffects of terahertz radiation on neurons in vivo and in vitro,novel regulation and detection methods with terahertz radiation devices and neural microelectrode arrays,and theoretical simulations of neural information encoding and decoding.In addition,we discuss the main problems and their possible causes and give some recommendations on possible future breakthroughs.This paper will provide insight and assistance to researchers in the fields of neuroscience,terahertz technology and biomedicine.
文摘With time passing imperceptibly,Microsystems&Nanoengineering has indeed attracted the attention of its international peers in MEMS and nanotechnology since it was launched as a new journal on May 28,2015.Microsystems&Nanoengineering is the first engineering journal co-published by the Nature Publishing Group(NPG)and the Institute of Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences(IECAS).On behalf of the editorial board of Microsystems&Nanoengineering,we would like to express our deep gratitude to our readers,authors,and reviewers.We sincerely thank all of you for your strong and consistent support!
文摘After extensive collaboration and detailed planning,the Nature Publishing Group(NPG)and the Institute of Electronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IECAS)are very proud to launch the co-published academic journal,Microsystems&Nanoengineering,onMay 28,2015.We consider it as a great honor to write this editorial for the birth of this journal.
文摘Remote sensing(RS)is a fast-growing emerging interdisciplinary field focused on observing our planet and living environment.The number of publications in this field increases dramatically from about 921 documents in 1999 to 8,242 documents in 2019 according to the records in the Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-EXPANDED)database.While there are many journals publishing new developments in RS,the space is still limited to cover the thousands of exciting articles each year to document the advancement in both RS science and technology.This journal,supported by the Science Partner Journal program,with editorial board members composed of internationally renowned scientists,is aimed at providing a new space to publish high-quality,online-only papers on RS theory,science,techniques,and applications that are related to the Earth systems.More importantly,unlike many RS journals where financial profit is also one of the main goals,this journal is solely focused on the communication and distribution of knowledge in RS.Articles are free to publish through June 2023 and will always be free to read for everyone.Authors are also strongly encouraged to deposit the data that supports their research in a trusted repository that supports the FAIR principles.We will strive hard to best serve the RS community.
