铁皮石斛WOX家族基因在生长发育中的功能分析

WUSCHEL-Related Homeobox(WOX)家族是植物特有的一类转录因子,在干细胞维持和器官形态建成等发育过程中发挥重要的调控作用。兰科珍稀名贵中药植物铁皮石斛(Dendrobium catenatum)具有独特的附生生活方式和生长发育特性,对其WOX家族基因功能探究有助于进一步了解铁皮石斛发育的保守性和特异性。本研究对铁皮石斛WOX家族基因(DcWOX)进行了系统进化、组织表达模式、异源表达功能检测等分析。结果显示,铁皮石斛WOX家族基因可分为3个进化支,具有显著差异的组织表达谱;在转基因拟南芥中,DcWOX4过表达导致植株显著矮小,叶缘羽状深裂,花期推迟2周;DcWOX9过表达导致植株矮化,叶缘锯齿状,开花推迟1周,强表型植株雌雄蕊均不育;DcWOX11过表达导致叶缘向下卷曲;DcWOX4/9/11过表达拟南芥叶片形态建成异常与TCP家族基因和CUC家族基因的下调以及KNOX家族基因的上调有关;花期推迟与FT、SOC1和CO等早花基因的下调有关。因此,本研究表明铁皮石斛WOX家族基因在调控植株形态建成、叶发育、开花时间和育性等方面具有重要功能,进一步拓展了对WOX家族基因的功能了解,为深入探讨兰科植物进化与发育的保守性和独特性提供参考。

新工科背景下应用型分析测试人才的培养

介绍了新工科背景下,应用型分析测试人才培养方面遇到的一些问题,并针对性地从课程思政融入、教学内容重构、教学模式构建、教学方法改进、产教研融合等方面提出解决的具体方案,在专业知识传授的同时,培养了学生的创新意识与能力,以帮助学生毕业后能尽快达到用人单位在仪器综合运用能力方面的要求。

吴起油田曾岔区块28-57井区长6油层组砂体分布及沉积环境约束

综合岩心、测井等资料，在典型沉积相标志研究的基础上认为，曾岔区块28．57井区长6油层组为三角洲前缘亚相，主要包括水下分流河道、河口沙坝、分流间湾和水下天然堤4种微相。分析了各个小层砂体展布及沉积微相的平面展布规律，探讨了沉积微相对储层砂体的控制作用。结果表明，长6油层组砂体主要为水下分流河道与河口坝，总体上除长6^3 2和长61^1小层沉积期，其他各小层砂体均较为发育，平面上呈北东南西向连片分布，垂向上相互叠置。

A Study on Teacher’s Questioning Practice in an ESL Learning Context in Hong Kong

This empirical study intends to explore the questioning behaviors of an English as a second language(hereinafter referred to as ESL)teacher in Hong Kong by quantitatively looking at the distribution of the two types of questions,namely display questions and referential questions,as well as by qualitatively evaluating the universally accepted functions of the questions and the effectiveness of the modification techniques used to enhance the factual value of the questions.Data-based explorations challenging the traditional views toward questions are critically presented,and new findings are excavated and advocated.Pedagogical implications are considerably raised as they serve as a theoretical framework to be applied and further analyzed in future real-life EFL and ESL settings,so as to realize better assessment for learning.

A combined nanotherapeutic approach targeting farnesoid X receptor,ferroptosis,and fibrosis for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis treatment

Obeticholic acid(OCA),a farnesoid X receptor(FXR)agonist with favorable effects on fatty and glucose metabolism,has been considered the leading candidate drug for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)treatment.However,its limited effectiveness in resolving liver fibrosis and lipotoxicity-induced cell death remains a major drawback.Ferroptosis,a newly recognized form of cell death characterized by uncontrolled lipid peroxidation,is involved in the progression of NASH.Nitric oxide(NO)is a versatile biological molecule that can degrade extracellular matrix.In this study,we developed a PEGylated thiolated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSN)loaded with OCA,as well as a ferroptosis inhibitor liproxsatin-1 and a NO donor S-nitrosothiol(ONL@MSN).Biochemical analyses,histology,multiplexed flow cytometry,bulk-tissue RNA sequencing,and fecal 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing were utilized to evaluate the effects of the combined nanoparticle(ONL@MSN)in a mouse NASH model.Compared with the OCA-loaded nanoparticles(O@MSN),ONL@MSN not only protected against hepatic steatosis but also greatly ameliorated fibrosis and ferroptosis.ONL@MSN also displayed enhanced therapeutic actions on the maintenance of intrahepatic macrophages/monocytes homeostasis,inhibition of immune response/lipid peroxidation,and correction of microbiota dysbiosis.These findings present a promising synergistic nanotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by simultaneously targeting FXR,ferroptosis,and fibrosis.

Gap-surface plasmon metasurfaces for linear-polarization conversion, focusing,and beam splitting

Gap-surface plasmon(GSP)metasurfaces have attracted progressively increasing attention due to their planar configurations,ease of fabrication,and unprecedented capabilities in manipulating the reflected fields that enable integrating diverse bulk-optic-based optical components into a single ultrathin flat element.In this work,we design and experimentally demonstrate multifunctional metalenses that perform simultaneous linear-polarization conversion,focusing,and beam splitting,thereby reproducing the combined functionalities of conventional halfwave plates,parabolic reflectors,and beam splitters.The fabricated single-focal metalens incorporates properly configured distinct half-wave-plate-like GSP meta-atoms and exhibits good performance under linearly polarized incidence in terms of orthogonal linear-polarization conversion(>75%)and focusing(overall efficiency>22%)in the wavelength spectrum ranging from 800 to 950 nm.To further extend the combined functionalities,we demonstrate a dual-focal metalens that splits and focuses a linearly polarized incident beam into two focal spots while maintaining the capability of orthogonal linear-polarization conversion.Furthermore,the power distribution between two split beams can readily be controlled by judiciously positioning the incident beam.The demonstrated multifunctional GSP-based metalenses mimic the combined functionalities of a sequence of discrete bulk optical components,thereby eliminating the need for their mutual alignment and opening new perspectives in the development of ultracompact and integrated photonic devices.

Characterization of phosphorus species and modeling for its organic forms in eutrophic shallow lake sediments, North China

Variations of phosphorus （P） and its species in surface sediment of Baiyangdian Lake, a eutrophic shallow lake located in North China, were investigated through combination of field survey and numerical calculation based on cluster analysis. P fractionation was performed by a sequential extraction scheme, categorized as loosely bound P （NH4Cl-P）, reductant soluble P （BD-P）, metallic oxide bound P （NaOH-P）, calcium bound P （HCl-P） and organic P （Org-P）. P concentrations exhibited regional similarities and a total of four sub-areas were identified in which the same rank was HCl-P 〉 Org-P 〉 BD-P ,=NaOH-P 〉NH4Cl-E NH4Cl-P, BD-P and Org-P were found to contribute to P enrichment in overlying water column. Specifically, labile Org-P acted as a potential pool with a greater contribution in aerobic layer compared to anaerobic layer. A hysteresis （lag = 4 months） existed when labile Org-P concentration was negatively correlated with aerobic layer thickness. In view of magnitude of identified P contributors in sub-areas, higher potential of P release was present in Fuhe River and Tang River estuary areas. On the basis of calibration and verification, the mathematical model with parameter settings applied in this study was improved to serve as a tool for limnology management and eutrophic control.

Effect of wetland plant fermentation broth on nitrogen removal and bioenergy generation in constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells

Constructed wetlands(CWs)are widely used as a tertiary treatment technology,and the addition of carbon sources can significantly improve advanced nitrogen removal.However,excessive carbon sources would lead to an increase in the effluent chemical oxygen demand in CWs,and microbial fuel cells(MFCs)can convert these into electricity.In this study,constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells(CW-MFCs)were built to achieve simultaneous nitrogen removal and electricity generation,using wetland plant litter fermentation broths as carbon sources.The total nitrogen removal in the groups with fermentation broth addition(FGs)reached 83.33%,which was 19.64%higher than that in the CG(group without fermentation broth),and the mean voltages in the FGs were at least 2.6 times higher than that of the CG.Furthermore,two main components of the fermentation broths,acetic acid(Ac)and humic acid(HA),were identified using a three-dimensional excitation emission matrix and gas chromatograph and added to CW-MFCs to explore the influence mechanism on the treatment performance.Denitrification and electrogenesis presented the same tendency:Ac&HA>Ac>CG’(groups without Ac and HA).These results indicate that Ac and HA increased the abundance of functional genes associated with nitrogen metabolism and electron transfer.This study demonstrated that CW-MFC fermentation broth addition can be a potential strategy for the disposal of secondary effluent and bioelectricity generation.