Superelastic Radiative Cooling Metafabric for Comfortable Epidermal Electrophysiological Monitoring

Epidermal electronics with superb passive-cooling capabilities are of great value for both daytime outdoor dressing comfort and low-carbon economy. Herein, a multifunctional and skinattachable electronic is rationally developed on a porous all-elastomer metafabric for efficient passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC) and human electrophysiological monitoring. The cooling characteristics are realized through the homogeneous impregnation of polytetrafluoroethylene microparticles in the styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene fibers, and the rational regulation of microporosity in SEBS/PTFE metafabrics, thus synergistically backscatter ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared light(maximum reflectance over 98.0%) to minimize heat absorption while efficiently emit human-body midinfrared radiation to the sky. As a result, the developed PDRC metafabric achieves approximately 17℃ cooling effects in an outdoor daytime environment and completely retains its passive cooling performance even under 50% stretching. Further, high-fidelity electrophysiological monitoring capability is also implemented in the breathable and skin-conformal metafabric through liquid metal printing, enabling the accurate acquisition of human electrocardiograph, surface electromyogram, and electroencephalograph signals for comfortable and lengthy health regulation. Hence, the fabricated superelastic PDRC metafabric opens a new avenue for the development of body-comfortable electronics and low-carbon wearing technologies.

负载相变微胶囊的三聚氰胺/二氧化硅柔性气凝胶

为进一步拓展气凝胶材料的功能性应用,使其在建筑隔热及节能领域有更为广泛的应用,以三聚氰胺海绵(MF)作为骨架支撑,通过真空吸附颗粒改性的相变微胶囊(MEPCM),并通过原位溶胶法原位生长硅基气凝胶,制得负载相变微胶囊的三聚氰胺/二氧化硅柔性气凝胶(PMS)。研究了相变微胶囊负载量及凝胶温度对复合材料结构及性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜结果分析可知,相变微胶囊吸附于MF骨架内部,气凝胶颗粒在微胶囊及表面生长,比表面积在159~608 m^(2)/g变化,具有1~5 nm和10~50 nm多级孔径。通过差示扫描量热分析可知,PMS的相变温度与建筑保温隔热相适应,相变焓可达到75.1 J/g,经过多次循环后热焓值损失极小。复合材料形成稳固的宏观结构,力学性能明显提升,为其在建筑热控领域应用提供支持。

Experimental Study of Electrodes Parameters Effects on Small Diffusion Combustion Flame

To study the configuration and conductivity effects on micro-scale methane-air flames by electric field and iron wind,different electric field forces and iron winds are generated by needle,circle and plate electrodes respectively in different electrodes heights under both AC and DC fields though experiments. Experimental results showed that the flame characteristics are affected by needle electrodes mainly through the action of ion wind,by plate type electrodes mainly through the action of electric field force and by annular electrodes through both the electric field force and ion wind at the same time. Under DC field 's effects of all electrodes types,the flame will consequently go down while the voltage reached to a limit value,and it will breakdown under the strong effect of the ion wind by needle electrodes. The results also showed the influence by different electrodes types to the current characteristics,resistance properties and configuration of themicro-scale flames.

SMAD7 expression in CAR-T cells improves persistence and safety for solid tumors

Despite the tremendous progress of chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell therapy in hematological malignancies,their application in solid tumors has been limited largely due to T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment(TME)and systemic toxicity caused by excessive cytokine release.As a key regulator of the immunosuppressive TME,TGF-βpromotes cytokine synthesis via the NF-κB pathway.Here,we coexpressed SMAD7,a suppressor of TGF-βsignaling,with a HER2-targeted CAR in engineered T cells.These novel CAR-T cells displayed high cytolytic efficacy and were resistant to TGF-β-triggered exhaustion,which enabled sustained tumoricidal capacity after continuous antigen exposure.Moreover,SMAD7 substantially reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines by antigen-primed CAR-T cells.Mechanistically,SMAD7 downregulated TGF-βreceptor I and abrogated the interplay between the TGF-βand NF-κB pathways in CAR-T cells.As a result,these CAR-T cells persistently inhibited tumor growth and promoted the survival of tumor-challenged mice regardless of the hostile tumor microenvironment caused by a high concentration of TGF-β.SMAD7 coexpression also enhanced CAR-T-cell infiltration and persistent activation in patient-derived tumor organoids.Therefore,our study demonstrated the feasibility of SMAD7 coexpression as a novel approach to improve the efficacy and safety of CAR-T-cell therapy for solid tumors.

Occurrence of viable but non-culturable(VBNC)pathogenic bacteria in tap water of public places

Viable but non-culturable(VBNC)bacteria have been detected in source water and effluent of drinking water treatment processes,leading to significant underestimation of viable cell counts.Limited information exists on VBNC bacteria in tap water,particularly in public places.To address this gap,a comprehensive nine-month study was conducted in a major city in south-eastern China,using culture-based and quantitative PCR with propidium monoazide(PMA)dye methods.Forty-five samples were collected from five representative public places(railway station,campus,hospital,shopping mall,and institution).The findings revealed that culturable bacteria represented only 0–17.51%of the viable 16S rRNA genes,suggesting that the majority of viable bacteria existed in an uncultured or VBNC state.Notably,opportunistic pathogens such as Escherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Salmonella sp.,and Shigella sp.were primarily detected as VBNC cells,with concentrations ranging from 1.03×10^(0)to 3.01×10^(3),1.20×10^(0)to 1.42×10^(2),1.32×10^(0)to 8.82×10^(0),1.00×10^(0)to 6.71×10^(1),and 2.07×10^(0)to 1.93×10^(2)cell equivalent/100 mL,respectively.Culturable P.aeruginosa was observed in tap water after prolonged stagnation,indicating potential risks associated with bacterial regrowth.Spatial and temporal factors accounted for 17.1%and 26.0%,respectively,of the variation in tap water community structure during the sampling period,as revealed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.This study provides quantitative insights into the occurrence of VBNC bacteria in tap water and highlights the need for more sensitive monitoring methods and microbial control techniques to enhance tap water safety in public locations.

A Radiative-Cooling Hierarchical Aligned Porous Poly(vinylidene fluoride)Film by Freeze-Thaw-Promoted Nonsolvent-Induced Phase Separation

Passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC)is an innovative and sustainable cooling technology that holds immense potential for addressing the energy crisis.Despite the numerous reports on radiative coolers,the design of a straightforward,efficient,and readily producible system remains a challenge.Herein,we present the development of a hierarchical aligned porous poly(vinylidene fluoride)(HAP-PVDF)film through a freeze-thaw-promoted nonsolvent-induced phase separation strategy.This film features oriented microporous arrays in conjunction with random nanopores,enabling efficient radiative cooling performance under direct sunlight conditions.The incorporation of both micro-and nano-pores in the HAP-PVDF film results in a remarkable solar reflectance of 97%and a sufficiently high infrared thermal emissivity of 96%,facilitating sub-environmental cooling at 18.3℃ on sunny days and 13.1℃ on cloudy days.Additionally,the HAP-PVDF film also exhibits exceptional flexibility and hydrophobicity.Theoretical calculations further confirm a radiative cooling power of 94.8 W·m^(-2)under a solar intensity of 1000W·m^(-2),demonstrating a performance comparable to the majority of reported radiative coolers.

Characteristics and genesis of tuffaceous shale oil lithofacies:A case study of Lucaogou Formation in Santanghu Basin

Lucaogou Formation in the Santanghu Basin is a special lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary deposits rich in volcanic debris and carbonate,with abundant shale oil resources.However,understanding of shale oil characteristics and genesis remains unclear.Lithofacies,sedimentary environment,and formation mechanisms of tuffaceous shale oil are investigated based on core and thin section observations,X-ray diffraction,field emission SEM and geochemical analysis.Results show that three mixed lithofacies types are developed in Lucaogou Formation:blocky tuff,laminated tuffaceous dolomite,and laminated dolomitic tuff.These lithofacies types are characterized by high content of felsic and dolostone,widespread organic matter,and low clay content.Formation of tuffaceous shale oil sweet spots is primarily influenced by four factors:inputting of volcanic ash as a high-quality source rocks and reservoirs provides good material basis;devitrification of volcanic glass,calcitization,and dissolution are crucial for formation of reservoirs;expulsion of source rocks with high-abundance organic matter expulsion facilitates migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon in adjacent reservoirs;fracture development improves reservoir permeability to form highly productive sweet spots.By analyzing characteristics and genesis of tuffaceous shale oil,the main controlling factors of reservoir physical property and oil saturation are clarified,which is of great significance for selection of shale oil exploration zones.

On the role of sliding friction effect in nonlinear tri-hybrid vibration-based energy harvesting

This work aims to develop an experimental investigation into the effectiveness of the sliding-mode approach for hybrid vibration-based energy harvesting.A proposed sliding-mode triboelectric-electromagnetic-piezoelectric energy harvesting model involves a cantilever beam with a tip mass exposed to magnetic and frictional forces.The experimental findings indicate that the system can achieve its peak inter-well oscillation output within a low-frequency range of 4 Hz–6 Hz.Friction has a lesser impact on the open-circuit voltage output at an excitation acceleration of 1.5g compared with 1g.The distribution of tri-stability changes with the presence of friction.This model provides a deeper understanding of the influence of the dry friction coefficient(0.2–0.5) on the interactive behaviors of different generator units.

Terrain relief periods of loess landforms based on terrain profiles of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province,China

The Loess Plateau is densely covered by numerous types of gullies which represent different soil erosion intensities.Therefore,research on topographic variation features of the loess gullies is of great significance to environmental protection and ecological management.Using a5 m digital elevation model and data from a national geographic database,this paper studies different topographical areas of the Loess Plateau,including Shenmu,Suide,Yanchuan,Ganquan,Yijun,and Chunhua,to derive representative gully terrain profile data of the sampled areas.First,the profile data are standardized in MATLAB and then decomposed using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method.Then,a significance test is performed on the results;the test confidence is 95% to 99%.The most reliable decomposition component is then used to calculate the relief period and size of the gullies.The results showed that relief periods of the Chunhua,Shenmu,Yijun,Yuanchuan,Ganquan,and Suide gullies are 1110.14 m,1096.85 m,1002.49 m,523.48 m,498.12 m,and 270.83 m,respectively.In terms of gully size,the loess landforms are sorted as loess fragmented tableland,aeolian and dune,loess tableland,loess ridge,loess hill and loess ridge,and loess hill,in descending order.Taken together,the gully terrain features of the sample areas and the results of the study are approximately consistent with the actual terrain profiles.Thus,we conclude that ensemble empirical mode decomposition is a reliable method for the study of the relief and topography of loess gullies.

Fibrinolytic Evaluation of Compounds Isolated from a Marine Fungus Stachybotrys Iongispora FG216

As a part of our continuing work to discover bioactive leading molecules from marine microorganism, ethyl acetate fraction of organic extract of the train Stachybotrys longispora FG216 showed fibrinolytic activity in our primary screen. The bioassay-guided purification of the active fractions resulted in isolation of a new isoindolone, FGFC2 （1） （FGFC2, Fungi fibrinolytic compound 2）, together with two known compounds, LL-Zl272β （2） and ergosterol （3）. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by the spectral analysis of 1D （^1H, ^13C） NMR, 2D （COSY, HSQC, and HMBC） and ESI-MS. Three compounds were evaluated for fibrinolytic activities in vitro. Compared to FGFC1 （EC50=47 μmol/L） as a reference drug, compound 1 and ergosterol （3） showed moderate fibrinolytic activities in vitro with EC50 values of 108.16 and 156.30 μmol/L, respectively. LL-Z127213 （2） had no fibrinolytic activity.

Looking for positive viewpoints for Alzheimer's caregivers:Case evaluation of a positive energy group

Objective:As estimated in a report of global Alzheimer’s disease published by Alzheimer’s Disease International in 2015,there will be 9.9 million new patients worldwide with Alzheimer’s disease in 2015,with a new Alzheimer’s patient diagnosed,on average,every 3 seconds.Since Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible disease,the most that can be done for Alzheimer’s patients is to merely delay the onset of disease,which to date cannot be completely cured.Therefore,even though great effort is put into caring for the patient,caregivers should not expect any substantial changes.The caring process is a dynamic process that contains negative and positive experiences.During the caring period,not only do caregivers spend a lot of effort and work very hard to help the patient,but in fact care recipients themselves also give energy to caregivers.This study attempts to take a positive energy viewpoint to explore and design a program that is suitable for Alzheimer’s caregivers.The aims of the study were as follows:(a)to explore the needs and burdens of Alzheimer’s caregivers in the treatment process of patients,(b)to design a program that meets the needs of the caregivers,and(c)to evaluate the effects of implementing a program.Methods:The study is a qualitative study employing in‐depth interviews.Interviews were conducted from September 2015 to December 2015;the interview results were reviewed and a positive energy group program was designed.Pre‐test and post‐test interviews were carried out for the program so as to evaluate the effects of the program.Results:According to the caregiver interview results,we understand the caring needs and caring process of caregivers.From the interview results,we now know that caregivers’continuous care mainly comes from positive energy in psychological,social and relationship aspects.Positive energy seems to have been affecting caregivers’caring ability and willingness.Therefore,a two‐stage group activity program was designed to provide a recollective handmade craft group and an art therapy group.Research results of the study show that when the main caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients took part in group activities,positive energy in social and relationship aspects increased for the caregiver group too.Conclusions:From these intervention programs caregivers could obtain more knowledge of patient care and these activities could effectively lighten caregivers’burdens.