To accommodate the diversified emerging use cases in 5G,radio access networks(RAN)is required to be more flexible,open,and versatile.It is evolving towards cloudification,intelligence and openness.By embedding computi...To accommodate the diversified emerging use cases in 5G,radio access networks(RAN)is required to be more flexible,open,and versatile.It is evolving towards cloudification,intelligence and openness.By embedding computing capabilities within RAN,it helps to transform RAN into a natural cost effective radio edge computing platform,offering great opportunity to further enhance RAN agility for diversified services and improve users’quality of experience(Qo E).In this article,a logical architecture enabling deep convergence of communication and computing in RAN is proposed based on O-RAN.The scenarios and potential benefits of sharing RAN computing resources are first analyzed.Then,the requirements,design principles and logical architecture are introduced.Involved key technologies are also discussed,including heterogeneous computing infrastructure,unified computing and communication task modeling,joint communication and computing orchestration and RAN computing data routing.Followed by that,a VR use case is studied to illustrate the superiority of the joint communication and computing optimization.Finally,challenges and future trends are highlighted to provide some insights on the potential future work for researchers in this field.展开更多
Background:New Omicron subvariants are emerging rapidly from BA.1 to BA.4 and BA.5.Their pathogenicity has changed from that of wild-type(WH-09)and Omicron variants have over time become globally dominant.The spike pr...Background:New Omicron subvariants are emerging rapidly from BA.1 to BA.4 and BA.5.Their pathogenicity has changed from that of wild-type(WH-09)and Omicron variants have over time become globally dominant.The spike proteins of BA.4 and BA.5 that serve as the target for vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies have also changed compared to the previous subvariants,which is likely to cause immune es-cape and the reduction of the protective effect of the vaccine.Our study addresses the above issues and provides a basis for formulating relevant prevention and control strategies.Methods:We collected cellular supernatant and cell lysates and measured the viral titers,viral RNA loads,and E subgenomic RNA(E sgRNA)loads in different Omicron subvariants grown in Vero E6 cells,using WH-09 and Delta variants as a reference.Additionally,we evaluated the in vitro neutralizing activity of different Omicron sub-variants and compared it to the WH-09 and Delta variants using macaque sera with different types of immunity.Results:As the SARS-CoV-2 evolved into Omicron BA.1,the replication ability in vitro began to decrease.Then with the emergence of new subvariants,the replication ability gradually recovered and became stable in the BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants.In WH-09-inactivated vaccine sera,geometric mean titers of neutralization antibodies against different Omicron subvariants declined by 3.7~15.4-fold compared to those against WH-09.In Delta-inactivated vaccine sera,geometric mean titers of neutrali-zation antibodies against Omicron subvariants declined by 3.1~7.4-fold compared to those against Delta.Conclusion:According to the findings of this research,the replication efficiency of all Omicron subvariants declined compared with WH-09 and Delta variants,and was lower in BA.1 than in other Omicron subvariants.After two doses of inactivated(WH-09 or Delta)vaccine,cross-neutralizing activities against various Omicron subvariants were seen despite a decline in neutralizing titers.展开更多
Background:The effect of intra-operative chemotherapy(IOC)on the long-term survival of patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)remains unclear.In this study,we evaluated the independent effect of intra-operative infusion ...Background:The effect of intra-operative chemotherapy(IOC)on the long-term survival of patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)remains unclear.In this study,we evaluated the independent effect of intra-operative infusion of 5-fluorouracil in combination with calcium folinate on the survival of CRC patients following radical resection.Methods:1820 patients were recruited,and 1263 received IOC and 557 did not.Clinical and demographic data were collected,including overall survival(OS),clinicopathological features,and treatment strategies.Risk factors for IOC-related deaths were identified using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.A regression model was developed to analyze the independent effects of IOC.Results:Proportional hazard regression analysis showed that IOC(hazard ratio[HR]=0.53,95%confidence intervals[CI][0.43,0.65],P<0.001)was a protective factor for the survival of patients.The mean overall survival time in IOC group was 82.50(95%CI[80.52,84.49])months,and 71.21(95%CI[67.92,74.50])months in non-IOC group.The OS in IOC-treated patients were significantly higher than non-IOC-treated patients(P<0.001,log-rank test).Further analysis revealed that IOC decreased the risk of death in patients with CRC in a non-adjusted model(HR=0.53,95%CI[0.43,0.65],P<0.001),model 2(adjusted for age and gender,HR=0.52,95%CI[0.43,0.64],P<0.001),and model 3(adjusted for all factors,95%CI 0.71[0.55,0.90],P=0.006).The subgroup analysis showed that the HR for the effect of IOC on survival was lower in patients with stage II(HR=0.46,95%CI[0.31,0.67])or III disease(HR=0.59,95%CI[0.45,0.76]),regardless of pre-operative radiotherapy(HR=0.55,95%CI[0.45,0.68])or pre-operative chemotherapy(HR=0.54,95%CI[0.44,0.66]).Conclusions:IOC is an independent factor that influences the survival of CRC patients.It improved the OS of patients with stages II and III CRC after radical surgery.Trial registration:chictr.org.cn,ChiCTR 2100043775.展开更多
基金jointly supported by the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications-China Mobile Research Institute Joint Innovation Centerthe National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2021YFB2900200the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62201073 and 61925101。
文摘To accommodate the diversified emerging use cases in 5G,radio access networks(RAN)is required to be more flexible,open,and versatile.It is evolving towards cloudification,intelligence and openness.By embedding computing capabilities within RAN,it helps to transform RAN into a natural cost effective radio edge computing platform,offering great opportunity to further enhance RAN agility for diversified services and improve users’quality of experience(Qo E).In this article,a logical architecture enabling deep convergence of communication and computing in RAN is proposed based on O-RAN.The scenarios and potential benefits of sharing RAN computing resources are first analyzed.Then,the requirements,design principles and logical architecture are introduced.Involved key technologies are also discussed,including heterogeneous computing infrastructure,unified computing and communication task modeling,joint communication and computing orchestration and RAN computing data routing.Followed by that,a VR use case is studied to illustrate the superiority of the joint communication and computing optimization.Finally,challenges and future trends are highlighted to provide some insights on the potential future work for researchers in this field.
基金National Research and Development Project of China,Grant/Award Number:2022YFC0867600CAMS initiative for Innovative Medicine of China,Grant/Award Number:2021-I2M-1-035。
文摘Background:New Omicron subvariants are emerging rapidly from BA.1 to BA.4 and BA.5.Their pathogenicity has changed from that of wild-type(WH-09)and Omicron variants have over time become globally dominant.The spike proteins of BA.4 and BA.5 that serve as the target for vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies have also changed compared to the previous subvariants,which is likely to cause immune es-cape and the reduction of the protective effect of the vaccine.Our study addresses the above issues and provides a basis for formulating relevant prevention and control strategies.Methods:We collected cellular supernatant and cell lysates and measured the viral titers,viral RNA loads,and E subgenomic RNA(E sgRNA)loads in different Omicron subvariants grown in Vero E6 cells,using WH-09 and Delta variants as a reference.Additionally,we evaluated the in vitro neutralizing activity of different Omicron sub-variants and compared it to the WH-09 and Delta variants using macaque sera with different types of immunity.Results:As the SARS-CoV-2 evolved into Omicron BA.1,the replication ability in vitro began to decrease.Then with the emergence of new subvariants,the replication ability gradually recovered and became stable in the BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants.In WH-09-inactivated vaccine sera,geometric mean titers of neutralization antibodies against different Omicron subvariants declined by 3.7~15.4-fold compared to those against WH-09.In Delta-inactivated vaccine sera,geometric mean titers of neutrali-zation antibodies against Omicron subvariants declined by 3.1~7.4-fold compared to those against Delta.Conclusion:According to the findings of this research,the replication efficiency of all Omicron subvariants declined compared with WH-09 and Delta variants,and was lower in BA.1 than in other Omicron subvariants.After two doses of inactivated(WH-09 or Delta)vaccine,cross-neutralizing activities against various Omicron subvariants were seen despite a decline in neutralizing titers.
基金Youth Science and Technology Project of Hebei Health Commission(No.20210029)Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation Precision Medicine Joint Project(No.H2020206485)Hebei Provincial Department of Science and Technology Key Project(No.206Z7705G)
文摘Background:The effect of intra-operative chemotherapy(IOC)on the long-term survival of patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)remains unclear.In this study,we evaluated the independent effect of intra-operative infusion of 5-fluorouracil in combination with calcium folinate on the survival of CRC patients following radical resection.Methods:1820 patients were recruited,and 1263 received IOC and 557 did not.Clinical and demographic data were collected,including overall survival(OS),clinicopathological features,and treatment strategies.Risk factors for IOC-related deaths were identified using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.A regression model was developed to analyze the independent effects of IOC.Results:Proportional hazard regression analysis showed that IOC(hazard ratio[HR]=0.53,95%confidence intervals[CI][0.43,0.65],P<0.001)was a protective factor for the survival of patients.The mean overall survival time in IOC group was 82.50(95%CI[80.52,84.49])months,and 71.21(95%CI[67.92,74.50])months in non-IOC group.The OS in IOC-treated patients were significantly higher than non-IOC-treated patients(P<0.001,log-rank test).Further analysis revealed that IOC decreased the risk of death in patients with CRC in a non-adjusted model(HR=0.53,95%CI[0.43,0.65],P<0.001),model 2(adjusted for age and gender,HR=0.52,95%CI[0.43,0.64],P<0.001),and model 3(adjusted for all factors,95%CI 0.71[0.55,0.90],P=0.006).The subgroup analysis showed that the HR for the effect of IOC on survival was lower in patients with stage II(HR=0.46,95%CI[0.31,0.67])or III disease(HR=0.59,95%CI[0.45,0.76]),regardless of pre-operative radiotherapy(HR=0.55,95%CI[0.45,0.68])or pre-operative chemotherapy(HR=0.54,95%CI[0.44,0.66]).Conclusions:IOC is an independent factor that influences the survival of CRC patients.It improved the OS of patients with stages II and III CRC after radical surgery.Trial registration:chictr.org.cn,ChiCTR 2100043775.