消融术和亚肺叶切除术治疗Ia期非小细胞肺癌患者疗效的对比

背景与目的肺癌是我国死亡率最高的肿瘤,不同治疗方式对于患者预后的影响具有重要的意义。通过比较消融术和亚肺叶切除术治疗Ia期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)患者的生存期,分析该两种治疗方案对早期肺癌患者预后生存的不同影响。方法运用美国国立癌症研究所监测、流行病学和结果数据库(The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results, SEER),我们从2004年1月-2015年12月之间筛选了符合条件的Ia期NSCLC患者进行研究。通过倾向性评分匹配,筛选出228例采用消融术治疗和228例采用亚肺叶切除术治疗的Ia期NSCLC的患者,并进行Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析。比较Ia期NSCLC患者在经过匹配和调整后接受不同治疗方式的总生存率情况。结果 Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析消融组和亚肺叶切除术组之间的生存曲线存在明显差异(P<0.05)。单因素分析中,与消融组相比,亚肺叶切除术的风险比(hazard ratio, HR)为0.571(95%CI:0.455-0.717),即采用亚肺叶切除术治疗的患者产生的不良结局风险是消融术的0.571倍;在多因素分析中,亚肺叶切除术的HR为0.605(95%CI:0.477-0.766),即采用亚肺叶切除术治疗的患者产生的不良结局风险是消融术的0.605倍。以上结果均提示亚肺叶切除术治疗Ia期NSCLC患者的总生存率高于消融术。结论使用消融术和亚肺叶切除术治疗的Ia期NSCLC患者的总生存率之间存在明显差异。采用亚肺叶切除术治疗Ia期NSCLC的患者总生存率明显高于消融术组。

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Fe-doped TiO_2 Supported on Hollow Glass Microbeads

In this paper, Fe-doped TiO_2 photocatalyst supported on hollow glass microbeads(Fe-TiO_2 /beads)is prepared by dip-coating method, which uses hollow glass microbeads as the carriers and tetrabutylorthotitanate [Ti(OC_4H_9)_4] as the raw material. The phase structure, ingredient, morphologies, particle size and shell thickness of the products are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM). The feasibility of photocatylic degradation of Rhodamine B(Rh B) under illumination of UV-vis light is studied. The results show that the core-shell structure catalyst is composed of Fe-doped anatase TiO_2 and hollow glass microbeads, and the catalytic activity of the TiO_2 is markedly enhanced by Fe ion doping. The optimum concentration of Fe ion is 0.1%(molecular fraction) in the precursor and the photocatalytic activity can be increased to 98% compared with that of the undoped one. The presence of ferrum elements neither influences the transformation of anatase to rutile, nor creates new crystal phases. The possible mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation is also discussed.

Effectiveness of DTaP Against Pertussis in≤2-Year-Old Children—Linyi Prefecture,Shandong Province,China,2017–2019

Summary What is already known about this topic?Vaccine effectiveness(VE)is positively correlated with the number of administered co-purified diphtheria,tetanus,and acellular pertussis vaccine(DTaP)doses.A matched case-control study conducted in Zhongshan City revealed that the co-purified DTaP VE against pertussis-related illnesses in children aged 4–11 months was 42%for one dose,88%for two doses,and 95%for three doses,respectively.What is added by this report?The results of this study contribute to the current body of research.We found that the VE of co-purified DTaP against pertussis-related illness and hospitalization increased substantially,ranging from 24%–26%after one dose to 86%–87%after four doses.

Dietary calcium supplementation promotes the accumulation of intramuscular fat

Background:In the livestock industry,intramuscular fat content is a key factor affecting meat quality.Many studies have shown that dietary calcium supplementation is closely related to lipid metabolism.However,few studies have examined the relationship between dietary calcium supplementation and intramuscular fat accumulation.Methods:Here,we used C2C12 cells,C57BL/6 mice(n=8)and three-way cross-breeding pigs(Duroc×Landrace×Large white)(n=10)to study the effect of calcium addition on intramuscular fat accumulation.In vitro,we used calcium chloride to adjust the calcium levels in the medium(2 mmol/L or 3 mmol/L).Then we measured various indicators.In vivo,calcium carbonate was used to regulate calcium levels in feeds(Mice:0.5%calcium or 1.2%calcium)(Pigs:0.9%calcium or 1.5%calcium).Then we tested the mice gastrocnemius muscle triglyceride content,pig longissimus dorsi muscle meat quality and lipidomics.Results:In vitro,calcium addition(3 mmol/L)had no significant effect on cell proliferation,but promoted the differentiation of C2C12 cells into slow-twitch fibers.Calcium supplementation increased triglyceride accumulation in C2C12 cells.Calcium addition increased the number of mitochondria and also increased the calcium level in the mitochondria and reduced the of key enzymes activity involved inβ-oxidation such as acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase.Decreasing mitochondrial calcium level can alleviate lipid accumulation induced by calcium addition.In addition,calcium addition also reduced the glycolytic capacity and glycolytic conversion rate of C2C12 cells.In vivo,dietary calcium supplementation(1.2%)promoted the accumulation of triglycerides in the gastrocnemius muscle of mice.Dietary calcium supplementation(1.5%)had no effect on pig weight,but significantly improved the flesh color of the longissimus dorsi muscle,reduced the backfat thickness and increased intramuscular fat content in pigs.Besides,calcium addition had no effect on longissimus dorsi pH,electrical conductivity and shear force.Conclusions:These results suggest that calcium addition promotes intramuscular fat accumulation by inhibiting the oxidation of fatty acids.These findings provide a new tool for increasing intramuscular fat content and an economical strategy for improving meat quality.

Transcriptome-wide profiling of RNA N^(4)-cytidine acetylation in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa

Acetylation of N^(4)-cytidine(ac^(4)C)has recently been discovered as a novel modification of mRNA.RNA ac^(4)C modification has been shown to be a key regulator of RNA stability,RNA translation,and the thermal stress response.However,its existence in eukaryotic mRNAs is still controversial.In plants,the existence,distribution pattern,and potential function of RNA ac^(4)C modification are largely unknown.Here we report the presence of ac^(4)C in the mRNAs of both Arabidopsis thaliana and rice(Oryza sativa).By comparing two ac^(4)C sequencing methods,we found that RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing(acRIP-seq),but not ac^(4)C sequencing,was suitable for plant RNA ac^(4)C sequencing.We present transcriptome-wide atlases of RNA ac^(4)C modification in A.thaliana and rice mRNAs obtained by acRIP-seq.Analysis of the distribution of RNA ac^(4)C modifications showed that ac^(4)C is enriched near translation start sites in rice mRNAs and near translation start sites and translation end sites in Arabidopsis mRNAs.The RNA ac^(4)C modification level is positively correlated with RNA half-life and the number of splicing variants.Similar to that in mammals,the translation efficiency of ac^(4)C target genes is significantly higher than that of other genes.Our in vitro translation results confirmed that RNA ac^(4)C modification enhances translation efficiency.We also found that RNA ac^(4)C modification is negatively correlated with RNA structure.These results suggest that ac^(4)C is a conserved mRNA modification in plants that contributes to RNA stability,splicing,translation,and secondary structure formation.

Vaccination Guidelines During and After the COVID-19 Epidemic in China

In late December 2019,clinicians in Hubei Province noticed and reported to health authorities a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology(PUE)that turned out to be the start of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic(1).By January 29,2020,all provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)across the country had launched their highest public health emergency responses(Level 1 responses)(2-3).

Solid-state reaction induced defects in multi-walled carbon nanotubes for improving microwave absorption properties

Dielectric polarization performance induced by defect engineering approach has been proved to be an effective way for improving the microwave absorption property of carbon-based materials.Assisting by the solid-state reaction,the structural integrity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)would be broken along with the volume expansion and etching process of cobalt oxides.Therefore,the defects could be obtained and result in the enhancement of microwave absorption property.Ascribing to the broken wall structures,the defect-distances(L_(D))and concentrations(n_(D))have been optimized to be 9.80 nm and3.37×10^(11) cm^(-2).The minimum reflection loss(RL)had reached-54.6 dB at 4.5 GHz with a thickness of4.13 mm and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth(EAB_(<-10 dB))was analyzed to be 14.6 GHz.Such enhancement is correlated to the dielectric polarization and the permeability-to-permittivity transformation raised from the defect structures and concentrations.The present work demonstrates an effective strategy for tailoring the microwave absorption property of MWCNTs by engineering defect concentrations,and could be further extended to other carbon-based absorbents.

覆膜支架治疗外伤性椎动脉夹层动脉瘤一例报道

椎动脉夹层动脉瘤(vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm,VADA)是后循环蛛网膜下腔出血或缺血的原因之一,VADA破裂通常伴随着高致死率和高致残率。研究认为,椎动脉V4段特殊的生理构造和血流动力学特征极易使局部结构的完整性遭受到破坏,而内膜受到损伤时可在高速血流冲击下形成夹层,从而导致VADA的形成[1]。

Effectiveness of Catch-Up Vaccinations after COVID-19 Containment--China,2020

Introduction:In the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic in China,the highest level of public health emergency response(Level 1 Response)was launched in all province-level administrative divisions(PLADs)across the country.Provision of vaccination services was selectively suspended due to the physical distancing and gathering restrictions required of Level 1 Response.The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on vaccination services and the effectiveness of selective vaccination service suspension and catch-up vaccinations in China.Methods:Vaccine doses administered,routine vaccination coverage levels,catch-up vaccine doses administered,and coverage levels after the catch-up campaign were determined from individual vaccination records in sampled clinics,standard routine immunization administrative coverage reports,and catch-up vaccination activity reports submitted by PLADs between October 2019 and October 2020.Results:National Immunization Program(NIP)and non-NIP vaccine doses administered in sampled clinics decreased by 80% and 90%,respectively,compared with doses administered before the COVID-19 pandemic.Coverage with the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine(HepB1)and the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine(BCG)—two vaccinations recommended to continue throughout the epidemic due to their timecritical nature—were maintained at over 85%,while coverage of other NIP vaccines decreased to below 60%by February 2020.Catch-up vaccination coverage of the 29 PLADs,excluding Xinjiang and Xizang(Tibet),began in April 2020 and exceeded 90%;Hubei catch-up coverage was 95% by October 2020.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:The COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on China’s vaccination services.During the epidemic and time of local transmission of the coronavirus,HepB1,BCG,rabies vaccine for postexposure prophylaxis,and tetanus antitoxin(TAT)for wound prophylaxis were maintained at high levels.Of the 69 million vaccine doses postponed during the time of local transmission of the coronavirus,94% were administered in the catch-up campaign.China’s pandemic immunization practices may provide evidence for other countries’immunization programs.

Optimizing the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of designed hollow CoFe_(2)O_(4)/CoFe@C microspheres

Whereas hollow composites present some superiorities like abundant micro interfaces,outstanding impedance matching as the responses of electromagnetic wave(EMW),but versatile designs including crystal transformation,heterogeneous structures and magnetic exchange coupling to further contribution are even not designed or stressed together in previous literatures.In this article,rational design on the hollow CoFe_(2)O_(4)/CoFe@C architecture has been conducted by a sequential process of self-sacrifice by combustion,in-suit polymerization and calcination.Results of morphology observation exhibit that heterogeneous CoFe_(2)O_(4)/CoFe@C composites were generated via crystal transformation from CoFe_(2)O_(4) to CoFe alloys with encapsulated carbon,together with ultimate growth of crystal particles.As for three carbon-based architectures,relatively low-graphitization carbon layers are favorable for enhancing impedance matching and polarization relaxation,but suppressing the conductive loss essentially.Moderate carbon content endows sample S2 with the maximum magnetic saturation(Ms)of 152.4 emu g^(-1).The optimized RL of sample S3 is up to-51 dB with 30 wt%loading,and the effective absorption band(EAB)is of 5.9 GHz at the thickness of 2.17 mm,while 6.0 GHz can be reached at 2.5 mm.Therefore,this hollow multi-interfaces design definitely shed light on novel structure for new excellent absorbers.

ROS is essential for initiation of energy deprivation-induced autophagy

Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation process in which intracellular components are engulfed into a double membrane structure,known as the autophagosomes,and then delivered to lysosomes/vacuoles for degradation(Ohsumi,2014).Recently,autophagy has been found to be responsible for maintaining glucose homeostasis in adult animals(Karsli-Uzunbas et al.,2014).However,the molecular mechanism underlying energy deprivation-induced autophagy remains relatively unclear.

硫氧元素共掺杂提升Fe@C纳米胶囊微波吸收性能

伴随着电子信息行业的迅猛发展,高频段电磁波由于其信息容量大成为了电子通讯领域的重要载体.但是,其所导致的电磁波污染以及电磁干扰问题已经大大影响了人们的生活和相关设备运行.而异质结构由于其空间不对称性,可以诱发形成电偶极子,已经被报道可以有效地提升材料的微波吸收性能.本文通过空气气氛下退火处理,以硫元素掺杂Fe@C纳米胶囊为基础,制备了具有异质硫元素和氧元素共同掺杂的Fe@C纳米胶囊材料.XPS分析发现掺杂结构主要由-C-S-C-、-C=S-、-C-SO-以及-C-SO2-四种结构组成.电磁响应测试结合第一性原理计算模拟发现,C-S-O异质掺杂结构有着所有异质掺杂结构中最高的电偶极子偶极矩,在外部电磁场的作用下,相较于硫元素掺杂异质结构,上述共掺杂异质结构将会产生更加强烈的极化震荡,并在宏观上体现为介电损耗性能的提升和微波吸收性能的增长.

Microscopic insights into hydrophobicity of cerium oxide:Effects of crystal orientation and lattice constant

Cerium oxide possesses intrinsic hydrophobic properties ascribed to the unique electronic structure.However,the relationship between the crystal structure and hydrophobicity of cerium oxide has not been systematically studied.Herein,it is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that the water contact angle(105.9°)of the(111)surface is higher than that(91.7°)of the(220)surface,associated with the lower surface free energy(28.44 mN/m)of(111)surface than that(38.48 mN/m)of(220)surface.Furthermore,cerium oxide films with(111)-terminated surface are annealed at 300℃ and 600℃ for1 h,respectively.The lattice constant increases(5.4594Å<5.4613Å<5.4670Å)with decreasing the annealing temperature(600℃>300℃>the as-deposited),leading to the increased water contact angle(96.7°<96.8°<99.0°).The First-principles calculation provides microscopic insights into the wetting mechanism,originating from the weakened adsorption capacity of the(111)surface for water molecules with the increasing lattice constant.