Dietary Lipid Intervention in the Prevention of Brain Aging

As people live longer,the burden of aging-related brain diseases,especially dementia,is increasing.Brain aging increases the risk of cognitive impairment,which manifests as a progressive loss of neuron function caused by the impairment of synaptic plasticity via disrupting lipid homeostasis.Therefore,supplemental dietary lipids have the potential to prevent brain aging.This review summarizes the important roles of dietary lipids in brain function from both structure and mechanism perspectives.Epidemiological and animal studies have provided evidence of the functions of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)in brain health.The results of interventions indicate that phospholipids—including phosphatidylcholine,phosphatidylserine,and plasmalogen—are efficient in alleviating cognitive impairment during aging,with plasmalogen exhibiting higher efficacy than phosphatidylserine.Plasmalogen is a recognized nutrient used in clinical trials due to its special vinyl ether bonds and abundance in the postsynaptic membrane of neurons.Future research should determine the dose-dependent effects of plasmalogen in alleviating brain-aging diseases and should develop extraction and storage procedures for its clinical application.

Alginate oligosaccharide-mediated butyrate-HIF-1α axis improves skin aging in mice

The“gut-skin”axis has been proved and is considered as a novel therapy for the prevention of skin aging.The antioxidant efficacy of oligomannonic acid(MAOS)makes it an intriguing target for use to improve skin aging.The present study further explored whereby MAOS-mediated gut-skin axis balance prevented skin aging in mice.The data indicated the skin aging phenotypes,oxidative stress,skin mitochondrial dysfunction,and intestinal dysbiosis(especially the butyrate and HIF-1a levels decreased)in aging mice.Similarly,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)from aging mice rebuild the aging-like phenotypes.Further,we demonstrated MAOS-mediated colonic butyrate-HIF-1a axis homeostasis promoted the entry of butyrate into the skin,upregulated mitophagy level and ultimately improving skin aging via HDAC3/PHD/HIF-1a/mitophagy loop in skin of mice.Overall,our study offered a better insights of the effectiveness of alginate oligosaccharides(AOS),promised to become a personalized targeted therapeutic agents,on gut-skin axis disorder inducing skin aging.

Conditional Generative Adversarial Network Enabled Localized Stress Recovery of Periodic Composites

Structural damage in heterogeneousmaterials typically originates frommicrostructures where stress concentration occurs.Therefore,evaluating the magnitude and location of localized stress distributions within microstructures under external loading is crucial.Repeating unit cells(RUCs)are commonly used to represent microstructural details and homogenize the effective response of composites.This work develops a machine learning-based micromechanics tool to accurately predict the stress distributions of extracted RUCs.The locally exact homogenization theory efficiently generates the microstructural stresses of RUCs with a wide range of parameters,including volume fraction,fiber/matrix property ratio,fiber shapes,and loading direction.Subsequently,the conditional generative adversarial network(cGAN)is employed and constructed as a surrogate model to establish the statistical correlation between these parameters and the corresponding localized stresses.The stresses predicted by cGAN are validated against the remaining true data not used for training,showing good agreement.This work demonstrates that the cGAN-based micromechanics tool effectively captures the local responses of composite RUCs.It can be used for predicting potential crack initiations starting from microstructures and evaluating the effective behavior of periodic composites.

Pyopneumothorax caused by Parvimonas micra and Prevotella oralis:a case report

Parvimonas is a group of Grampositive bacteria that are common anaerobic cocci in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract and one of the pathogens of periodontitis,,^([1])and Prevotella is a group of Gramnegative anaerobic bacteria that are found mainly in the oral cavity and intestinal tract and are mainly involved in periodontal infections.

Changes in milk fat globule membrane proteins along lactation stage of Laoshan dairy goat

The milk fat globule membrane(MFGM)is a complex structure with numerous functions,and its composition is affected by many factors.There have been few systematic investigations on goat MFGM proteome profiling during lactation.Individual milk samples from 15 healthy dairy goats were obtained at six lactation time points for investigation of the MFGM proteome using both data-independent acquisition(DIA)and data-dependent acquisition(DDA)proteomics techniques combined with multivariate statistical analysis.Using the DIA method,890 variably abundant MFGM proteins were discovered throughout the lactation cycle.From 1 to 240 d,butyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1,lipoprotein lipase,perilipin-2,and adipose triglyceride lipase were upregulated,while APOE,complement C3,clusterin,and IgG were downregulated.Furthermore,from 1 to 90 d,annexin A1,annexin A2,and antithrombin-ll were downregulated,then upregulated by d 240.Albumin had a high degree of connectedness,indicating that it was a key protein,according to protein-protein interaction research.Overall,our findings gave new insights into the biological features of MFGM protein in goat milk throughout lactation,which may aid in the creation of specialized MFGM products and infant formula.

Functional groups and seasonal diversity of crustacean zooplankton in adjacent waters of Haizhou Bay,South Yellow Sea

Zooplankton are important linkages in the food web and can respond nonlinearly to environmental changes.Marine organisms thrive from spring to summer.Thus,it is crucial to understand how ecological functions of zooplankton communities may shift under seasonal environmental changes during this period.Samples were collected from May to August(May,June-Ⅰ,June-Ⅱ,July-Ⅰ,July-Ⅱ,and August)in 2018 in Haizhou Bay,Jiangsu,East China for zooplankton and environmental variables.Crustaceans accounted for 75 out of 134 zooplankton taxa and 91.8%of total zooplankton abundance.The average abundance of crustacean varied between 2824.6±635.4 inds./m3 in July-Ⅱand 6502.7±1008.8 inds./m3 in June-Ⅱ.Multivariate analyses results showed that the dissimilarity of community increased gradually in the time series.Body length,feeding type,trophic group,and reproduction mode were used to investigate crustacean community functions.Trait-based functional groups contained species with similar ecological roles.Functional diversity fused the differences of species and trait.The proportion of large-sized species(2-5 mm)decreased with the increasing proportion of medium-sized species(1-2 mm).The proportion of current feeders increased with the drop in the proportion of mixed feeders.Parthenogenesis species increased with decreasing free spawners,and omnivores-carnivores increased with decreasing omnivoresherbivores.Generalized additive models suggested that temperature was the main driver of variations in crustacean zooplankton function.Seven identified functional groups varied with increasing temperature.Omnivorous-herbivorous copepods declined(90.0%-68.0%),whereas the parthenogenetic cladocerans increased(0-24.1%).The small egg-brooding ambush copepods fluctuated(6.5%-9.3%)with increasing water temperature.The other functional groups changed slightly.Functional diversity also varied according to temperature changes.The community structure and ecological function of crustacean zooplankton community showed gradual changes with increasing temperature from spring to summer.

Comparative acetylome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of high fat diet function in allergic disease

Modern technological lifestyles promote allergic diseases,especially food allergies.The underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be uncovered.Protein acetylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications,and it is involved in regulating multiple body metabolic processes.This study aimed to clarify the effects of a high-fat diet(HFD)on allergy risk and the underlying mechanisms.Four-week-old male C57 BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into two groups and fed a normal fat diet(NFD)or HFD for 24 weeks.Then,serum lipids were measured,and skeletal muscle was collected for acetylome analysis.Compared with the findings in the NFD group,HFD-fed mice were obese and hyperlipidemic.Acetylome analysis also revealed 32 differentially expressed proteins between the HFD and NFD groups.Among these,eight acetylated proteins were upregulated in the HFD group.In addition,13 and 11 proteins were acetylated only in the HFD group and NFD group,respectively.These proteins were mainly involved in regulating energy metabolism and mitochondrial function.This study provides information regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms by which HFD promotes allergy.

An automatic Q-factor matching method for eliminating 77%of the ZRO of a MEMS vibratory gyroscope in rate mode

Mismatching quality factors(Q-factors)is one of the main factors causing zero-rate output(ZRO)in degenerate(DE)Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems(MEMS)vibratory gyroscopes.To eliminate the ZRO of the DE MEMS gyroscope,this study introduces a method for real-time identification and automatic matching of Q-factors in rate mode.By leveraging the vibration characteristics of the DE MEMS vibratory gyroscope in rate mode,dedicated online test methods are designed to determine the Q-factors for both the drive and sense modes,enabling online identification of the Q-factor mismatching.Furthermore,an automatic Q-factor matching system is designed utilizing the mechanical-thermal dissipation mechanism of the resistive damper.The effectiveness of this proposed method is validated through simulations and experiments conducted on a MEMS disk resonator gyroscope(DRG).The results show a measurement error within 4%for Q-factor identification,and automatic Q-factor matching effectively reduces the ZRO by 77%.Employing this automatic Q-factor matching method successfully reduces the ZRO that is caused by the mismatching of Q-factors in the MEMS DRG from 0.11°/s to 0.025°/s and improves the bias instability(BI)from 0.40°/s to 0.19°/s.

复合型工科人才胜任力模型构建

21世纪以来,我国工科专业人才在提高我国的国际竞争能力中起着举足轻重的作用。当前,新工科发展态势明显,工科专业正朝着一个复合程度十分高的方向发展。同时,复合型工科人才具备的知识和技能直接影响自身在就业市场的核心竞争力。一个既符合工科人才基本特点又符合当下社会需求和职业发展的胜任力模型,能够突出复合型工科人才在就业市场中的优势。本文在对相关文献研究的基础上,以样本学校工科学生为研究对象,对复合型工科学生的现状和胜任能力进行分析。本文结合胜任力模型相关理论,明确了胜任力要素的重要程度,并通过问卷调查和实证分析,构建出复合型工科人才胜任力模型。最后阐述了模型在人才培养和职业生涯规划等方面的应用。

Deep-learning-enabled dual-frequency composite fringe projection profilometry for single-shot absolute 3D shape measurement

Single-shot high-speed 3D imaging is important for reconstructions of dynamic objects.For fringe projection profilometry(FPP),however,it is still challenging to recover accurate 3D shapes of isolated objects by a single fringe image.In this paper,we demonstrate that the deep neural networks can be trained to directly recover the absolute phase from a unique fringe image that involves spatially multiplexed fringe patterns of different frequencies.The extracted phase is free from spectrum-aliasing problem which is hard to avoid for traditional spatial-multiplexing methods.Experiments on both static and dynamic scenes show that the proposed approach is robust to object motion and can obtain high-quality 3D reconstructions of isolated objects within a single fringe image.

Study on Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Self-Compacting Concrete under Uniaxial Compression Test

To study the relationship between acoustic emission characteristic parameters of self-compacting concrete(SCC)and its destruction evolution,under uniaxial compression,acoustic emission(AE)tests are performed on C30 selfcompacting concrete test blocks that are preserved for 7 days and 28 days,the corresponding relationship among energy,amplitude,ring count and different failure stages of the specimens are analyzed by AE experiment,and the spatial distribution of AE in each stage is described by introducing location map.The test shows that there are two rules for the failure of SCC specimens cured for 7 days and 28 days:(1)The first failure law is divided into four stages according to the percentage of the stress value reaching the limit stress:Initial stage:above 10%,the compaction time of test block cured for 28 days is relatively low;Elastic failure stage:30%–35%,the cumulative value of each parameter increases linearly,and the cumulative value of the amplitude is the largest;Crack stable propagation stage:35%–90%,there is a moment that causes local stress concentration in both test blocks;Active stage:above 90%,the cumulative value of the parameter rises sharply,then continues to load the test block instability and damage.(2)The second failure law is divided into five stages according to the percentage of the stress value reaching the limit stress:Initial stage:15%–20%,the cumulative value of each parameter increases with time;Elastic failure stage:20%–40%,the cumulative value of the parameter continues to grow,but the growth curve is approximately parallel;Crack stable propagation stage:40%–60%,all parameters increased sharply and the increase reached the peak of the whole process;A stable state:60–80%,the emission characteristic parameter will become zero,and the stable state of the 28 days curing test block is lagging;Active stage:above 90%,the number of signals increased sharply,but the energy and amplitude are low,and the later test block is completely fractured.(3)In the process of failure,the test block of SCC will form an inverted triangle or landslide failure surface,and the part above the failure surface is prone to failure,and there is a tendency to leave the test block.(4)Under uniaxial compression,the penetration of SCC cracks is mostly shear penetration.

Cerium oxide nanozymes alleviate oxidative stress in tenocytes for Achilles tendinopathy healing

Background:Reactive oxygen species(ROS)is considered as ubiquitous and highly active chemicals that influence tendon integrity and orchestrate tendon repair.With significant recent advances in nanomaterials,cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO_(2)NPs)exhibit superoxide dismutase-and catalase-like activities.Herein,we introduced a therapeutic approach of CeO_(2)NPs for Achilles tendinopathy(AT)healing.Methods:CeO_(2)NPs were synthesized to examine their effect as ROS scavengers on AT healing in vitro and in vivo.The mRNA levels of inflammatory factors were evaluated in AT after CeO_(2)NPs treatment in vitro.The mechanisms underlying CeO_(2)NPs-mediated stimulation of NRF2 translocation and ERK signaling were verified through immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis.The efficacy of CeO_(2)NPs was tested in an AT rat model in comparison with the control.Results:CeO_(2)NPs not only significantly scavenged multiple ROS and suppressed ROS-induced inflammatory reactions but also protected cell proliferation under oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP).Moreover,CeO_(2)NPs could promote NRF_(2)nuclear translocation for anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation through the ERK signaling pathway.In a rat model of collagenase-induced tendon injuries,CeO_(2)NPs showed significant therapeutic efficacy by ameliorating tendon damage.Conclusion:The present study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of CeO_(2)NPs to ameliorate ROS in tenocytes via the ERK/NRF_(2)signaling pathway,which underscores the potential of CeO_(2)NPs for application in the treatment of enthesopathy healing.

Dual Nanofillers-Reinforced Noncovalently Cross-Linked Polymeric Composites with Unprecedented Mechanical Strength

Noncovalentlycross-linkedpolymermaterials through healing,recycling,and reprocessing can reduce materials consumption and alleviate environmental pollution.However,it remains a huge challenge to fabricate super-strong noncovalently cross-linked polymer materials with mechanical strength comparable to high-performance engineering polymers.Herein,healable and reprocessable noncovalently cross-linked polymer compositeswith an unprecedented mechanical strength are fabricated by complexation of polyacrylic acid(PAA),polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVPON),and carbonized polymer dots(CPDs)(denoted as PAA-PVPON-CPDs).The incorporation of 15 wt%CPDs generates PAA-PVPON-CPDs compositeswith a tensile strength of∼158 MPa and Young’s modulus of∼8.2GPa.Servingas nanofillers,theCPDs can establish strong interactions with polymers in PAA-PVPON composites.The CPDs and the in situ-formed PAAPVPON nanoparticles work in concert to significantly strengthen the PAA-PVPON-CPDs composites to an unprecedented strength.The PAA-PVPON-CPDs composites exhibit excellent impact resistance and damage tolerance because of the high mechanical strength of the composites and the energy dissipation mechanism of the CPDs and PAA-PVPON nanoparticles.Moreover,the fractured PAA-PVPON-CPDs composites can be healed to restore their original mechanical strength.

Comprehensive Approach to Assessment of Liver Viability During Normothermic Machine Perfusion

Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment of advanced liver disease,and the use of extended criteria donor organs has broadened the source of available livers.Although normothermic machine perfusion(NMP)has become a useful tool in liver transplantation,there are no consistent criteria that can be used to evaluate the viability of livers during NMP.This review summarizes the criteria,indicators,and methods used to evaluate liver viability during NMP.The shape,appearance,and hemodynamics of the liver can be analyzed at a macroscopic level,while markers of liver injury,indicators of liver and bile duct function,and other relevant indicators can be evaluated by biochemical analysis.The liver can also be assessed by tissue biopsy at the microscopic level.Novel methods for assessment of liver viability are introduced.The limitations of evaluating liver viability during NMP are discussed and suggestions for future clinical practice are provided.

Converting an O-vacancy-rich oxide into a multifunctional separator modifier for long-lifespan lithium metal batteries

The lithium metal anode is hailed as the desired "holy grail" for the forthcoming generation of highenergy-density batteries,given its astounding theoretical capacity and low potential.Nonetheless,the formation and growth of dendrites seriously compromise battery life and safety.Herein,an yttriastabilized bismuth oxide(YSB) layer is fabricated on the polypropylene(PP) separator,where YSB reacts with Li anode in-situ in the cell to form a multi-component composite interlayer consisting of Li_(3)Bi,Li_(2)O,and Y_(2)O_(3).The interlayer can function not only as a redistributor to regulate Li^(+) distribution but also as an anion adsorber to increase the Li^(+) transference number from 0.37 to 0.79 for suppressing dendrite nucleation and growth.Consequently,compared with the cell with a baseline separator,those with modified separators exhibit prolonged lifespan in both Li/Li symmetrical cells and Li/Cu half-cells.Notably,the full cells coupled with ultrahigh-loading LiFePO_(4) display an excellent cycling performance of 1700 cycles with a high capacity retention of ~80% at 1 C,exhibiting great potential for practical applications.This work provides a feasible and effective new strategy for separator modification towards building a much-anticipated dendrite-free Li anode and realizing long-lifespan lithium metal batteries.

Genetically predicted waist circumference and risk of atrial fibrillation

Introduction:Observational studies have revealed an association between waist circumference(WC)and atrial fibrillation(AF).However,it is difficult to infer a causal relationship from observational studies because the observed associations could be confounded by unknown risk factors.Therefore,the causal role of WC in AF is unclear.This study was designed to investigate the causal association between WC and AF using a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.Methods:In our two-sample MR analysis,the genetic variation used as an instrumental variable for MR was acquired from a genome-wide association study(GWAS)of WC(42 single nucleotide polymorphisms with a genetic significance of P<5×10^(-8)).The data of WC(from the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits consortium,containing 232,101 participants)and the data of AF(from the European Bioinformatics Institute database,containing 55,114 AF cases and 482,295 controls)were used to assess the causal role of WC on AF.Three different approaches(inverse variance weighted[IVW],MR-Egger,and weighted median regression)were used to ensure that our results more reliable.Results:All three MR analyses provided evidence of a positive causal association between high WC and AF.High WC was suggested to increase the risk of AF based on the IVW method(odds ratio[OR]=1.43,95%confidence interval[CI],1.30-1.58,P=2.51×10^(-13)).The results of MR-Egger and weighted median regression exhibited similar trends(MR-Egger OR=1.40[95%CI,1.08-1.81],P=1.61×10^(-2);weighted median OR=1.39[95%CI,1.21-1.61],P=1.62×10^(-6)).MR-Egger intercepts and funnel plots showed no directional pleiotropic effects between high WC and AF.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that greater WC is associated with an increased risk of AF.Taking measures to reduce WC may help prevent the occurrence of AF.

DDAH1 promotes neurogenesis and neural repair in cerebral ischemia

Choline acetyltransferase(ChAT)-positive neurons in neural stem cell(NSC)niches can evoke adult neurogenesis(AN)and restore impaired brain function after injury,such as acute ischemic stroke(AIS).However,the relevant mechanism by which ChAT+neurons develop in NSC niches is poorly understood.Our RNA-seq analysis revealed that dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1(DDAH1),a hydrolase for asymmetric NG,NG-dimethylarginine(ADMA),regulated genes responsible for the synthesis and transportation of acetylcholine(ACh)(Chat,Slc5a7 and Slc18a3)after stroke insult.The dual-luciferase reporter assay further suggested that DDAH1 controlled the activity of ChAT,possibly through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α).KC7F2,an inhibitor of HIF-1α,abolished DDAH1-induced ChAT expression and suppressed neurogenesis.As expected,DDAH1 was clinically elevated in the blood of AIS patients and was positively correlated with AIS severity.By comparing the results among Ddah1 general knockout(KO)mice,transgenic(TG)mice and wild-type(WT)mice,we discovered that DDAH1 upregulated the proliferation and neural differentiation of NSCs in the subgranular zone(SGZ)under ischemic insult.As a result,DDAH1 may promote cognitive and motor function recovery against stroke impairment,while these neuroprotective effects are dramatically suppressed by NSC conditional knockout of Ddah1 in mice.

Self-healing and highly elastic fluorine-free proton exchange membranes comprised of poly(vinyl alcohol) derivative and phytic acid for durable fuel cells

Fluorine-free proton exchange membranes(PEMs)capable of healing from physical damage are important for PEM fuel cells(PEMFCs)with extended service life and enhanced reliability.Herein,highly elastic fluorine-free PEMs with excellent self-healing ability and high proton conductivity are fabricated through complexation of phytic acid(PA)with sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol(SPVA),followed by subsequent grafting of SPVA with positively charged 4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzenecarbaldehyde(IBZ).Compared with recast Nafion membranes,the as-prepared SPVA-IBZ/PA membranes exhibit an enhanced mechanical strength and elasticity and can spontaneously recover from a^50%strain to their initial states within^30 s at room temperature.Meanwhile,the SPVA-IBZ/PA membranes have a proton conductivity of^0.095 S cm-1at^70°C,which is higher than that of recast Nafion membranes.The hydrogen-powered PEMFCs using the SPVA-IBZ/PA membranes,which show an open circuit voltage of^0.98 V and maximum power density of^609 mW cm-2,exhibit a satisfactory cell performance.Importantly,the SPVA-IBZ/PA membranes can spontaneously heal mechanical damage of several tens of micrometers in size and restore their original proton conductivity and cell performance under the working conditions of PEMFCs.

A historical review of aggregation-induced emission from 2001 to 2020:A bibliometric analysis

Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)is a photophysical phenomenon that a certain group of luminescent materials that become highly luminous when aggregated in a bad solvent or solid state.This year is the 20th anniversary since the AIE concept firstly proposed in 2001.Many advanced applications were gradually being explored,covering optics,electronics,energy,and bioscience and so on.At present,bibliometrics can enlighten the researchers with comprehensive sights of the achievements and trends of a specific field,which is critical for academic investigations.Herein,we presented a general bibliometric overview of AIE covering 20 years of evolution.With the assistance of Web of Science Core Collection database and several bibliometric software tools,the annual publication and citation,most influential countries/regions,most contributing authors,journals and institutions,second near-infrared(NIR-Ⅱ)related hotspots,as well as the forecast of frontiers were demonstrated and systematically analyzed.This study summarizes the current research status in AIE research field and provides a reference for future research directions.

基于神经网络的生成式三维数字人研究综述:表示、渲染与学习

随着人工智能技术的高速发展,计算机视觉与图形学等相关学科的交叉融合掀起了一场数字人生成技术的新革命,人类进入“元宇宙”等数字空间的梦想正逐渐变为现实.面对大规模三维数字人的生产需求,传统图形学建模方法建模过程繁琐,周期冗长,阻碍了虚拟数字人的普及和应用,而利用生成式人工智能技术产生高拟真、规模化的虚拟数字人正逐渐成为研究热点.为了深入了解三维数字人技术的研究现状与挑战,本文从生成式模型的视角对数字人技术进行了系统性梳理,并总结了其中的3个关键步骤:表示、渲染与学习.随后,对显式及隐式的表示方法进行总结,对传统渲染与神经网络渲染的成像方式进行归纳,并概括了相应的模型学习方法.最后,本文对三维数字人的典型应用进行分析,并对当前挑战与未来发展方向进行总结和展望.