Fluoxetine Rescues Excessive Myelin Formation and Psychological Behaviors in a Murine PTSD Model

Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a complex mental disorder notable for traumatic experience memory.Although current first-line treatments are linked with clinically important symptom reduction,a large proportion of patients retained to experience considerable residual symptoms,indicating pathogenic mechanism should be illustrated further.Recent studies reported that newly formed myelin could shape neural circuit function and be implicated in fear memory preservation.However,its role in PTSD remains to be elucidated.In this study,we adopted a restraint stress-induced PTSD mouse model and found that PTSD-related neuropsychiatric symptoms were accompanied by increased myelination in the posterior parietal cortex and hippocampus.Fluoxetine,but not risperidone or sertraline,has a more profound rescue effect on neuropsychological behaviors and myelin abnormalities.Further mechanistic experiments revealed that fluoxetine could directly interfere with oligodendroglial differentiation by upregulating Wnt signaling.Our data demonstrated the correlation between PTSD and abnormal myelination,suggesting that the oligodendroglial lineage could be a target for PTSD treatment.

A New Acquaintance of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells in the Central Nervous System

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)are a heterogeneous multipotent population in the central nervous system(CNS)that appear during embryogenesis and persist as resident cells in the adult brain parenchyma.OPCs could generate oligodendrocytes to participate in myelination.Recent advances have renewed our knowledge of OPC biology by discovering novel markers of oligodendroglial cells,the myelin-independent roles of OPCs,and the regulatory mechanism of OPC development.In this review,we will explore the updated knowledge on OPC identity,their multifaceted roles in the CNS in health and diseases,as well as the regulatory mechanisms that are involved in their developmental stages,which hopefully would contribute to a further understanding of OPCs and attract attention in the field of OPC biology.