Understanding the relationship between urban development and environmental sustainability to achieve‘double carbon’goals in China can be strengthened by evaluating the environmental effect of urban spatial structure...Understanding the relationship between urban development and environmental sustainability to achieve‘double carbon’goals in China can be strengthened by evaluating the environmental effect of urban spatial structure(US).However,there have been few studies that consider the differentiated effects of polycentric US(PUS)on carbon emissions from both functional and morphological perspectives simultaneously.Thus,taking China’s 31 provinces as experimental subjects,our study developed a novel framework with remotely sensed nighttime light(NTL)data to quantify morphological PUS(MPUS)and functional PUS(FPUS)from 2000 to 2019.Then,from these two dimensions,differentiated effects of PUS on carbon emissions were further examined.Results indicated that NTL data presented high potential in quantifying MPUS and FPUS.The effect of FPUS on carbon emission-cutting outperformed that of MPUS.In addition,the spillover effect effectively enhanced the decreasing effect of the FPUS on carbon emissions.Our empiricalfindings can provide guidance for the government in developing strategies for reducing carbon emissions and optimizing USs.展开更多
Developing electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is vital to promote the performance of the next-generation energy technologies,which depend on the efficiency of the...Developing electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is vital to promote the performance of the next-generation energy technologies,which depend on the efficiency of the catalytic reduction of dioxygen.In the structure of cytochrome c oxidases(CcOs),a histidine imidazole residue binding to the axial position of Fe plays a crucial role in facilitating the selective reduction of O_(2)to water.Inspired by nature,we herein report on the synthesis of CoIII corrole 1 tethered with an imidazole ligand as well as its electrocatalytic ORR and O_(2)binding features.As compared to the imidazolium-free analogue,complex 1 displayed remarkably boosted activity for the selective four-electron/four-proton(4e-/4H+)ORR with a half-wave potential of E1/2=0.82 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)in 0.1 mol/L KOH solutions.Importantly,we demonstrate that the tethered axial imidazole ligand improves the O_(2)binding ability of 1 thermodynamically and dynamically,which is crucial to boost electrocatalytic ORR performance.This work presents an example to improve electrocatalytic ORR activity and selectivity of Co corroles by introducing an axial imidazole ligand to enhance the O_(2)binding and activation.展开更多
Exploring carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions from human activities is essential for urban energy conservation and resource management.Remotely sensed nighttime lights from the Suomi NPP-VIIRS provide spatial consistency in ...Exploring carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions from human activities is essential for urban energy conservation and resource management.Remotely sensed nighttime lights from the Suomi NPP-VIIRS provide spatial consistency in and a low-cost way of revealing CO2 emissions.Although many researches have documented the feasibility of the Suomi NPP-VIIRS data for assessing CO2 emissions,few have systematically revealed the ability of nighttime lights for evaluating CO2 emissions from different industries,such as service industry CO2 emissions(SC),traffic CO2 emissions(TC),and secondary industry CO2 emissions(IC).Here,China was selected as the experimental subject,and we comprehensively explored the relationships between the nighttime lights and SC,TC,and IC,and investigated the factors mediating these relationships.We found that without considering other factors,the nighttime lights only revealed up to 51.2%of TC,followed by 41.7%of IC and 22.7%of SC.When controlling for city characteristic variables,the models showed that there were positive correlations between the Suomi NPP-VIIRS data and SC,IC,and TC,and that nighttime lights have an Inverted-U relationship with SC.The Suomi NPP-VIIRS data are more suitable for revealing SC,TC,and IC in medium-sized and large-sized cities than in small-sized cities and megacities.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42101345).
文摘Understanding the relationship between urban development and environmental sustainability to achieve‘double carbon’goals in China can be strengthened by evaluating the environmental effect of urban spatial structure(US).However,there have been few studies that consider the differentiated effects of polycentric US(PUS)on carbon emissions from both functional and morphological perspectives simultaneously.Thus,taking China’s 31 provinces as experimental subjects,our study developed a novel framework with remotely sensed nighttime light(NTL)data to quantify morphological PUS(MPUS)and functional PUS(FPUS)from 2000 to 2019.Then,from these two dimensions,differentiated effects of PUS on carbon emissions were further examined.Results indicated that NTL data presented high potential in quantifying MPUS and FPUS.The effect of FPUS on carbon emission-cutting outperformed that of MPUS.In addition,the spillover effect effectively enhanced the decreasing effect of the FPUS on carbon emissions.Our empiricalfindings can provide guidance for the government in developing strategies for reducing carbon emissions and optimizing USs.
基金We are grateful for support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21902099,22171176 and 22105010)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2023-YBGY-296)+1 种基金Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation for Outstanding Young Teachers in University,Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202203002)Research Funds of Shaanxi Normal University.
文摘Developing electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is vital to promote the performance of the next-generation energy technologies,which depend on the efficiency of the catalytic reduction of dioxygen.In the structure of cytochrome c oxidases(CcOs),a histidine imidazole residue binding to the axial position of Fe plays a crucial role in facilitating the selective reduction of O_(2)to water.Inspired by nature,we herein report on the synthesis of CoIII corrole 1 tethered with an imidazole ligand as well as its electrocatalytic ORR and O_(2)binding features.As compared to the imidazolium-free analogue,complex 1 displayed remarkably boosted activity for the selective four-electron/four-proton(4e-/4H+)ORR with a half-wave potential of E1/2=0.82 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)in 0.1 mol/L KOH solutions.Importantly,we demonstrate that the tethered axial imidazole ligand improves the O_(2)binding ability of 1 thermodynamically and dynamically,which is crucial to boost electrocatalytic ORR performance.This work presents an example to improve electrocatalytic ORR activity and selectivity of Co corroles by introducing an axial imidazole ligand to enhance the O_(2)binding and activation.
基金supported by the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(No.QYZDB-SSW-DQC011)the MOE(Ministry of Education in China)Project of Humanities and Social Sciences(No.18XJC790011)the Fundamental Research Founds for the Central Universities(No.XDJK2020B008).
文摘Exploring carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions from human activities is essential for urban energy conservation and resource management.Remotely sensed nighttime lights from the Suomi NPP-VIIRS provide spatial consistency in and a low-cost way of revealing CO2 emissions.Although many researches have documented the feasibility of the Suomi NPP-VIIRS data for assessing CO2 emissions,few have systematically revealed the ability of nighttime lights for evaluating CO2 emissions from different industries,such as service industry CO2 emissions(SC),traffic CO2 emissions(TC),and secondary industry CO2 emissions(IC).Here,China was selected as the experimental subject,and we comprehensively explored the relationships between the nighttime lights and SC,TC,and IC,and investigated the factors mediating these relationships.We found that without considering other factors,the nighttime lights only revealed up to 51.2%of TC,followed by 41.7%of IC and 22.7%of SC.When controlling for city characteristic variables,the models showed that there were positive correlations between the Suomi NPP-VIIRS data and SC,IC,and TC,and that nighttime lights have an Inverted-U relationship with SC.The Suomi NPP-VIIRS data are more suitable for revealing SC,TC,and IC in medium-sized and large-sized cities than in small-sized cities and megacities.