黄精酒蒸前后化学成分、炮制工艺及药理作用研究进展

目的:综述黄精酒蒸前后化学成分、炮制工艺及药理作用研究进展,为酒黄精的进一步研究提供方向。方法:通过阅读近10年大量学者研究,主要对黄精酒蒸前后的化学成分与药理作用进行归纳论述,并整理了相关炮制工艺、化学成分和药理研究。结果:发现黄精酒蒸处理以后相应化学成分发生了改变,主要集中在黄精多糖、薯蓣皂苷、氨基酸、5-HMF等化学成分,药理作用方面酒黄精增强免疫力、抗氧化能力明显增加。结论:建议酒黄精质量评价应全面考虑多成分指标,提出选择炮制工艺时控制好润制时间、蒸制时间、干燥温度、蒸制方式等关键因素。增加黑色素物质基础与功效的相关性研究,加强炮制前后多糖结构表征的比较研究,为酒制黄精的炮制机理提供科学依据。

正交试验法优选老鹰茶的水提工艺

目的:优选老鹰茶的最佳水提工艺。方法:以总黄酮提取率为评价指标,采用单因素实验考察提取温度、提取时间、提取次数及料液比对老鹰茶提取工艺的影响,在此基础上,采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验法优选出老鹰茶的最佳水提工艺。结果:单因素实验结果确定提取次数为2次;提取时间选取0.5h、1h、1.5h三个水平;提取温度选取80℃、90℃、100℃三个水平;料液比选取1:30、1:40、1:50三个水平。老鹰茶最佳水提工艺为:老鹰茶加40倍水,沸水浴回流提取1h,共提取2次。在此工艺条件下进行3次验证试验,得到老鹰茶总黄酮的提取率平均为10.72%,RSD为0.34%。结论:优选出的水提工艺总黄酮得率较高,稳定性及重复性良好,为后续老鹰茶的研究开发奠定了研究基础。

热消融治疗肺部亚实性结节专家共识(2021年版)

局部热消融技术在肺部结节治疗领域正处在起步与发展阶段,为了肺结节热消融治疗的临床实践和规范发展,由"中国医师协会肿瘤消融治疗技术专家组""中国医师协会介入医师分会肿瘤消融专业委员会""中国抗癌协会肿瘤消融治疗专业委员会""中国临床肿瘤学会消融专家委员会"组织多学科国内有关专家,讨论制定了"热消融治疗肺部亚实性结节专家共识(2021年版)"。主要内容包括:(1)肺部亚实性结节的临床评估;(2)热消融治疗肺部亚实性结节技术操作规程、适应证、禁忌证、疗效评价和相关并发症;(3)存在的问题和未来发展方向。

高度近视SMILE术后眼压变化与手术参数的相关性

目的:探讨高度近视飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)术后非接触眼压(IOP_(NCT))变化与术中相关参数的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2018-01/2019-07在甘肃省人民医院眼视光学中心行SMILE手术的高度近视患者98例196眼的临床资料。观察手术前后IOP_(NCT)变化情况,记录术中手术光区大小、角膜透镜厚度、角膜帽厚度及残余基质床厚度,分析其与手术前后IOP_(NCT)变化值(△IOP_(NCT),△IOP_(NCT)=IOP_(术前)-IOP_(术后6mo))的相关性。结果:术后1d,1wk,1、3、6mo本组患者IOP_(NCT)(10.84±2.14、11.00±2.19、10.65±2.43、10.45±2.04、10.61±1.39mmHg)与术前(16.79±1.65mmHg)比较均有差异(P<0.001)。相关性分析结果显示,本组患者手术光区大小、角膜透镜厚度均与△IOP_(NCT)呈正相关(r=0.1537、0.8161,均P<0.05);角膜帽厚度、残余基质床厚度均与△IOP_(NCT)呈负相关(r=-0.8326、-0.3351,均P<0.0001)。将上述相关因素引入多因素线性回归模型,回归模型决定系数R^(2)=0.901,回归模型有统计学意义(F=195.704,P<0.001),回归方程Y=16.189+0.227 X_(1)+0.032 X_(2)-0.083 X_(3)-0.007 X_(4)(Y表示△IOP_(NCT),X_(1)表示手术光区大小,X_(2)表示角膜透镜厚度,X_(3)表示角膜帽厚度,X_(4)表示残余基质床厚度)。结论:高度近视SMILE术后眼压变化与手术光区大小、角膜透镜厚度、角膜帽厚度及残余基质床厚度均具有相关性,其回归方程可给临床上SMILE术后真实眼压评估提供一定参考。

Simulation of two-dimensional interior ballistics model of solid propellant electrothermal-chem ical launch with discharge rod plasma generator

Instead of the capillary plasma generator(CPG),a discharge rod plasma generator(DRPG)is used in the30 mm electrothermal-chemical(ETC)gun to improve the ignition uniformity of the solid propellant.An axisymmetric two-dimensional interior ballistics model of the solid propellant ETC gun(2D-IB-SPETCG)is presented to describe the process of the ETC launch.Both calculated pressure and projectile muzzle velocity accord well with the experimental results.The feasibility of the 2D-IB-SPETCG model is proved.Depending on the experimental data and initial parameters,detailed distribution of the ballistics parameters can be simulated.With the distribution of pressure and temperature of the gas phase and the propellant,the influence of plasma during the ignition process can be analyzed.Because of the radial flowing plasma,the propellant in the area of the DRPG is ignited within 0.01 ms,while all propellant in the chamber is ignited within 0.09 ms.The radial ignition delay time is much less than the axial delay time.During the ignition process,the radial pressure difference is less than 5 MPa at the place 0.025 m away from the breech.The radial ignition uniformity is proved.The temperature of the gas increases from several thousand K(conventional ignition)to several ten thousand K(plasma ignition).Compare the distribution of the density and temperature of the gas,we know that low density and high temperature gas appears near the exits of the DRPG,while high density and low temperature gas appears at the wall near the breech.The simulation of the 2D-IB-SPETCG model is an effective way to investigate the interior ballistics process of the ETC launch.The 2D-IB-SPETC model can be used for prediction and improvement of experiments.

Application of transient burning rate model of solid propellant in electrothermal-chemical launch simulation

A 30 mm electrothermal-chemical(ETC) gun experimental system is employed to research the burning rate characteristics of 4/7 high-nitrogen solid propellant. Enhanced gas generation rates(EGGR) of propellants during and after electrical discharges are verified in the experiments. A modified 0D internal ballistic model is established to simulate the ETC launch. According to the measured pressure and electrical parameters, a transient burning rate law including the influence of EGGR coefficient by electric power and pressure gradient(dp/dt) is added into the model. The EGGR coefficient of 4/7 high-nitrogen solid propellant is equal to 0.005 MW-1. Both simulated breech pressure and projectile muzzle velocity accord with the experimental results well. Compared with Woodley's modified burning rate law, the breech pressure curves acquired by the transient burning rate law are more consistent with test results. Based on the parameters calculated in the model, the relationship among propellant burning rate, pressure gradient(dp/dt) and electric power is analyzed. Depending on the transient burning rate law and experimental data, the burning of solid propellant under the condition of plasma is described more accurately.

Waveform diversity based sonar system for target localization

A new monostatic array system taking advantage of diverse waveforms to improve the performance of underwater target localization is proposed.Unlike the coherent signals between different elements in common active array,the transmitted signals from different elements here are spatially orthogonal waveforms which allow for array processing in the transit mode and result in an extension of array aperture.The mathematical derivation of Capon estimator for this sonar system is described in detail.And the performance of this orthogonal-waveform based sonar is analyzed and compared with that of its phased-array counterpart by water tank experiments.Experimental results show that this sonar system could achieve 12 dB-15 dB additional array gain over its phased-array counterpart,which means a doubling of maximum detection range.Moreover,the angular resolution is significantly improved at lower SNR.

Generation of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene knockout pigs by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene targeting

Unbalanced brain serotonin(5-HT) levels have implications in various behavioral abnormalities and neuropsychiatric disorders. The biosynthesis of neuronal 5-HT is regulated by the rate-limiting enzyme, tryptophan hydroxylase-2(TPH2). In the present study, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated(Cas) system was used to target the Tph2 gene in Bama mini pig fetal fibroblasts. It was found that CRISPR/Cas9 targeting efficiency could be as high as 61.5%, and the biallelic mutation efficiency reached at38.5%. The biallelic modified colonies were used as donors for somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) and 10 Tph2 targeted piglets were successfully generated. These Tph2 KO piglets were viable and appeared normal at the birth.However, their central 5-HT levels were dramatically reduced, and their survival and growth rates were impaired before weaning. These Tph2 KO pigs are valuable large-animal models for studies of 5-HT deficiency induced behavior abnomality.

Method of ballistic control and projectile rotation in a novel railgun

In order to realize the ballistic control of the railgun and the flight stability of the projectile, a new type of railgun is designed, which can control the muzzle velocity and rotation rate. The method of the muzzle velocity and overload control is to adjust the voltage or other parameters of pulse power supply. It would be easy to change velocity accurately in large wide. Another widespread concern problem is launching the spinning stability projectile by railgun. This paper designed a new structure of additional rails to generate an unsymmetrical magnetic field to produce rotational torque in armature. The structure is simple and can control the rotation rate by linear changing the barrel parameters. The calculation formulas of interior ballistic are derived by Biot-Safar law. The important parameter is the deflection angle of the additional rails relative to the symmetry plane of main rail. The larger the angle, the greater the rotation torque generated in the armature. To maintain the flight stability of the projectile, the barrel structural parameters should be proportional to the projectile structural parameters. When changing the muzzle velocity, the rotation rate will also be the equal proportion change. So that the gyro stability is the same. The experiment proves that the railgun designed in this paper can launch the projectile to rotate. And the rotational projectile may not cause the transition or much arcs. This method expands the application of the railgun.

Modeling and simulation of muzzle flow field of railgun with metal vapor and arc

During the electromagnetic railgun launching process,there will be a complex flow field with high temperature in the muzzle area because of the high-speed friction,transition and seco ndary arc-ignition.This paper models the muzzle area of railgun when the projectile is far away from the muzzle,and the dynamic simulation of the flow field with secondary arc in the muzzle area is carried out based on the magneto hydrodynamic equations.Meanwhile,a multi-component plasma transport model is used to analyze the muzzle arc plasma flow process of the mixed gas of Al vapor and the air.Furthermore,the pressure boundary conditions are fitted by the dynamic mesh simulation results.The current and voltage of the muzzle are obtained through the emission experiment of the railgun experimental prototype.We load the current data into the simulation model and the voltage of experiments and simulations are compared,which proves the accuracy of the simulation.Then the plasma temperature and the composition of Al vapor in the muzzle flow process are analyzed in-depth.

Antigenicity of tissues and organs from GGTA1/CMAH/β4GalNT2 triple gene knockout pigs

Clinical xenotransplantations have been hampered by human preformed antibody-mediated damage of the xenografts.To overcome biological incompatibility between pigs and humans,one strategy is to remove the major antigens[Gal,Neu5 Gc,and Sd(a)]present on pig cells and tissues.Triple gene(GGTAI,CMAH,and β4 GalNT2)knockout(TKO)pigs were produced in our laboratory by CRISPR-Cas9 targeting.To investigate the antigenicity reduction in the TKO pigs,the expression levels of these three xenoantigens in the cornea,heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,and pancreas tissues were examined.The level of human IgG/IgM binding to those tissues was also investigated,with wildtype pig tissues as control.The results showed that aGal,Neu5 Gc,and Sd(a)were markedly positive in all the examined tissues in wildtype pigs but barely detected in TKO pigs.Compared to wildtype pigs,the liver,spleen,and pancreas of TKO pigs showed comparable levels of human IgG and IgM binding,whereas corneas,heart,lung,and kidney of TKO pigs exhibited significantly reduced human IgG and IgM binding.These results indicate that the antigenicity of TKO pig is significantly reduced and the remaining xenoantigens on porcine tissues can be eliminated via a gene targeting approach.

Target estimation using MIMO radar with multiple subcarriers

This paper analyzes the effect of waveform parameters on the joint target location and velocity estimation by a noncoherent multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar transmitting multiple subcarriers signals. How the number of subcarriers influences the estimation accuracy is illustrated by considering the joint Cramer-Rao bound and the mean square error of the maximum likelihood estimate. The non-coherent MIMO radar ambiguity function with multiple subcarriers is developed and investigated by changing the number of subcarriers, the pulse width and the frequency spacing between adjacent subcarriers. The numerical results show that more subcarriers mean more accurate estimates, higher localization resolution, and larger pulse width results in a worse performance of target location estimation, while the frequency spacing affects target location estimation little.

Safety study of Folfox-HAIC in relieving bed restriction

Objective:To investigate the safety of relieving bed restriction in hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)and its effects on patient comfort.Methods:A prospective study was conducted.Patients with malignant liver tumors,who met the enrollment criteria,were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.During HAIC treatment,the patients in the experimental group,who were not confined to bed and could get out of bed,used electronic injection pumps to infuse chemotherapy drugs.The patients in the control group,who were strictly confined to bed and prohibited from getting out of bed,used infusion pumps to infuse chemotherapy drugs.The complications of the two groups were observed.The Christenson standard improved method was used to evaluate the bleeding and hematoma of limbs on the operation side.The Kolcaba General Comfort Questionnaire(GCQ)and Barthel Index(BI)were used to evaluate the two groups.Results:Ninety patients with malignant liver tumors were enrolled,including 53 with primary liver cancer and 37 with colorectal liver metastasis.There were 70 males and 20 females,aged 41-81 years old,with an average age of 61.6±9.248 years old.There were 60 patients in the experimental group and 30 patients in the control group.All patients underwent HAIC.The study showed that,during the treatment period,there were 3 cases of postoperative puncture point hematoma formation in the two groups,including 2 cases in the experimental group(2/60,3.3%)and 1 case in the control group(1/30,3.3%).The difference was not statistically significant(p>0.05).There were 5 cases of postoperative puncture point bleeding,including 4 cases in the experimental group(4/60,6.7%)and 1 case in the control group(1/30,3.3%),and the difference was not statistically significant(p>0.05).A total of 23 cases,with 6 cases in the experimental group(6/60,10%)and 17 cases in the control group(17/30,56.7%),complained of back pain after the operation,and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).Twenty-one cases complained of poor defecation after the operation,including 10 cases in the experimental group(10/60,16.7%)and 11 cases in the control group(11/30,36.7%).The difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).During the period of infusion chemotherapy,the two groups of patients had there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of comfort status(GCQ)(88.78±6.705,78.47±9.519,p<0.001)and self-care ability(BI)(74.25±9.152,66.83±6.628,p<0.001).Conclusion:During HAIC treatment,getting out of bed is safe and reliable and can increase the patients’comfort and self-care ability.Hence,it merits clinical application.

Numerical simulation on the pressure wave in a 30 mm electrothermal-chemical gun with the discharge rod plasma generator

An axisymmetric two-dimensional(2D)internal ballistic model including the transient burning rate law is used to simulate the 30mm electrothermal-chemical(ETC)launch with the discharge rod plasma generator(DRPG).The relationship between the pressure wave and the initial parameters,such as input electric power,discharging timing sequence,loading density and propellant web thickness,is researched through the change of initial parameters in the model.In the condition of synchronous discharging,the maximum of the pressure wave can be controlled while the ratio of the input electric energy to the propellant chemical energy(electric energy ratio)is less than 0.11.If the electric energy ratio is larger than 0.11,the maximum of the pressure wave increases rapidly with the electric energy ratio.With the increasing of the electric energy ratio,the change of the first negative amplitude value can be ignored.In the condition of timing sequence discharging,the allowed input electric energy ratio to control the pressure wave is proportional to the current pulse duration.At the high electric energy ratio,the maximum of the pressure wave is inverse proportional to the current pulse duration.The pressure wave increases with the increasing of the loading density.But the allowed electric energy ratio to control the pressure wave and the variation trend of the first negative amplitude wave value doesn't change.During the discharging of the DRPG,the influence of changing propellant web thickness in ETC launch can be ignored.

Effect of phosphate-based sealing treatment on the corrosion performance of a PEO coated AZ91D mg alloy

This study investigated the effect of sealing treatment on the corrosion performance of plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coated AZ91D Mg alloy with and without addition of corrosion inhibitor.The microstructure,phase composition and corrosion property of the sealed and unsealed coatings were evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersion spectroscopy(EDS),x-ray diffraction(XRD),x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),polarization,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)tests.Electrochemical experiments and salt spray tests showed that,after sealing in phosphate solution containing corrosion inhibitor,the corrosion current density of PEO-coated AZ91D decreased more than 10-fold and the anti-corrosion time in a salt spray environment increased more than three-fold.The corrosion rate of the PEO coating slowed down due to the releasing and adsorbing of the corrosion inhibitors in the pores and cracks of the coating during the corrosion process.

Design and manufacture of a 100 kA coaxial pulsed power cable for plasma generator and PPS in ETC guns

Based on our previous pulsed current and internal overvoltage test data and the experience of common commercial high power cables,a 100 kA coaxial pulsed power cable is designed and manufactured to adapt the coaxial electric energy breech transmission between the plasma generator and the pulsed power supply(PPS) in electrothermal-chemical(ETC) guns.The index parameters are analyzed and determined.Semi-conductor layers and a shield stiffener are introduced to prevent the deformation and burst of the pulsed power cable structurally.The semi-conductor layer can eliminate the air gap and balance the electric field in the cable.The shield stiffener can multiply the mechanical strength to restrain the strong electrodynamic force produced by the core dislocation of the outer conductor.The multi-coupling of electromagnetic field,stress field and thermal field analysis are established to assist in aided design of electrical strength,mechanical strength and temperature rise characteristics.Both a DC voltage withstand test and pulsed discharge tests are introduced to verify and inspect the performance and dynamic response of the pulsed power cable.The 25 kV/5 min DC voltage withstand test result shows that the sample leakage current is nearly 3 μA and no abnormal phenomena of the pulsed power cable sample occurred.The pulsed discharge tests show that the sample can sustain the 100 kA peak current.Furthermore,this 100 kA coaxial pulsed power cable can satisfy the ETC test requirements.

Mechanism of plasma ignition in electrothermal-chemical launcher

Plasma generator is a core component in an electrothermal-chemical(ETC) launcher. Its work state directly influences the launch efficiency of a system. The interaction between plasma and propellants is a very important mechanism in ETC technology. Based on the transient radiation model and open air plasma jet experiment, the mechanism of plasma ignition process is analyzed. Results show that the surface temperature of local solid propellant grain can quickly achieve the ignition temperature under the action of early transient plasma radiation. But it needs enough time to maintain the high energy flow to make self-sustained combustion of solid propellant grains. Because of the limited space characteristics of transient radiation, the near-field propellant grains can gain enough energy by the strong transient radiation to be ignited and achieve self-sustained combustion. The far-field propellant grains mainly gain the energy by the activated particles in plasma jet to be ignited and self-sustained combustion. Experiments show that plasma jet always has a high flow velocity in the area of the cartridge. Compared with conventional ignition, the solid propellant grains can obtain more quick and uniform ignition and self-sustained combustion by this kind of ablation controlled arc(ACA) plasma via energy skin effect of propellant grains, pre-heat temperature mechanism and high efficient jet diffusion.

Vibration Reduction Performance of Damping-Enhanced Water-Lubricated Bearing Using Fluid-Saturated Perforated Slabs

As the first link element for the transmission of shaft vibration to the pedestal and even to the hull,water-lubricated bearing plays a key role in suppressing vibration.Although the porous structure is considered as one of the main methods for improving the wideband vibration and noise reduction performance of materials in many industrial fields,the studies in the field of water-lubricated bearing remain insufficient.To enhance vibration reduction performance,a fluid-saturated perforated slab is designed in this study,and via the establishment of a fluid-solid coupled vibration model,the influence law and impact levels were analyzed and verified by simulation and experiments.The results obtained verified that the total vibration amplitude of damping-enhanced stern bearing in the vertical direction was smaller than that of the normal stern bearing,and the reduction amplitude of the characteristic frequency agreed with the optimal value at approximately 0.1 of the volume fraction of the liquid phase when the solid-fluid phase was rubber–water.Additionally,the increase in fluid fraction did not enhance the damping effect,instead,it unexpectedly reduced the natural frequency of the raw material significantly.This research indicates that the design of the fluid-saturated perforated slab is effective in reducing the transmission of the vibration amplitude from the shaft,and presents the best volume fraction of the liquid phase.

2017-2021年西充县城区环境空气质量状况与变化趋势研究

运用统计学分析方法对西充县城区2017-2021年环境空气污染物(SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO、O_(3)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10))浓度的年度、月份以及日变化趋势进行了统计分析。结果表明:西充县城区环境空气PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO和O_(3)年浓总体呈下降趋势,降幅分别为36.9%、34.5%、61.0%、47.8%、37.5%和4.2%;PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_(2)和CO月均浓度变化趋势呈“U”型分布,各年的SO_(2)月变化规律不一致,但PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)和CO_(5)项污染物冬季的浓度较高,夏季最低;O_(3)月均浓度变化趋势总体呈“双峰”型分布,O_(3)月均浓度峰值出现在4-5月和8月,夏季的O_(3)浓度最高,冬季最低;受城区及周边居民生产和生活的影响,西充县城区环境空气PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_(2)和CO日变化曲线呈“双峰双谷”型,峰值浓度出现在早、晚交通高峰之后;SO_(2)受城区及周边散煤燃烧影响较大,SO_(2)日变化曲线无固定变化规律;O_(3)日变化曲线呈“单峰”型,峰值出现在白天下午16:00左右。后期,西充县需在生物质燃烧、机动车尾气、建筑施工扬尘、道路扬尘和生物质焚烧等方面加强管控。

新龙县香顶斯郎神山考察

香顶斯郎神山作为新龙三大神山之一,神山崇拜在当地具有悠久的历史和丰富的崇拜仪式,是当地人们历史记忆中不可或缺的一部分,与当地人们的生活息息相关,并影响着他们的生活方式、思想观念和价值坐标。由于新龙特殊的历史文化和地理环境,使得当地的传统文化保留较为完善,香顶斯郎神山信仰文化足以代表整个新龙的神山信仰文化。关于香顶斯郎神山,在很多著名学者的著作都有所记载和描述,并且有大量的有关民间传说,但是其相对零散并且较为主观。本文通过对有关文献资料和当地口传资料进行分析,再结合个人的实地考察,略微探讨了香顶斯郎所处的自然地理环境、作为具有世俗性质的香顶斯郎和后期逐渐转化为宗教性质的香顶斯郎圣山。