Insights into Nano-and Micro-Structured Scaffolds for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage

Adopting a nano-and micro-structuring approach to fully unleashing the genuine potential of electrode active material benefits in-depth understandings and research progress toward higher energy density electrochemical energy stor-age devices at all technology readiness levels.Due to various challenging issues,especially limited stability,nano-and micro-structured(NMS)electrodes undergo fast electrochemical performance degradation.The emerging NMS scaffold design is a pivotal aspect of many electrodes as it endows them with both robustness and electrochemical performance enhancement,even though it only occupies comple-mentary and facilitating components for the main mechanism.However,extensive efforts are urgently needed toward optimizing the stereoscopic geometrical design of NMS scaffolds to minimize the volume ratio and maximize their functionality to fulfill the ever-increasing dependency and desire for energy power source supplies.This review will aim at highlighting these NMS scaffold design strategies,summariz-ing their corresponding strengths and challenges,and thereby outlining the potential solutions to resolve these challenges,design principles,and key perspectives for future research in this field.Therefore,this review will be one of the earliest reviews from this viewpoint.

Recent progress and future prospects of high-entropy materials for battery applications

Due to the energy crisis caused by limited fossil fuel reserves,extensive use of the renewable energy sources such as wind or solar energy is deemed to replace the use of traditional fossil fuels in the future^([1−3]).However,most renewable energy sources face the same problem,which is the intermittency of energy.For example,solar energy cannot be utilized at night.That means the continuous energy demand required for large-scale power grids can’t be satisfied by a single solar panel model.

Recent progress and future prospect of novel multi-ion storage devices

Rechargeable batteries,especially lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),have made rapid development since the 21st century,greatly facilitating people's lives[1−6].Based on considerations of cost and existing problems(such as safety issues due to LIBs stacking strategy and unsatisfactory performance for various applications),researchers have explored alternative technologies to LIBs to meet the needs for wide application scenarios[5].Among them,multi-ion storage devices such as dual-ion batteries(DIBs)and metal-ion hybrid capacitors(MIHCs)are considered promising alternative energy storage devices of LIBs due to their unique multi-ion storage mechanism.In a multi-ion storage device,cations and anions carry charges back and forth between the electrolyte and the electrodes at the same time,unlike the rocking chair mechanism of LIBs[7].Generally,the anodes of DIBs and MIHCs work in a similar mechanism to LIBs,storing charge through redox reactions.The main difference among them is the mechanism of the cathodes during charging and discharging[8].In DIBs,the battery-type cathode stores anions through the Faraday reaction.

Micro-nano structural electrode architecture for high power energy storage

The necessity and superiorities of micro-nano structural electrodes toward high power:Electrochemical energy storage(EES)technologies have achieved great success in portable electronics and electric vehicles owing to their environmental friendliness and cost effectiveness.With the promotional concepts such as the Internet of Things and ultra-high efficiency self-powered systems in recent years,there are substantial demand for superior EES systems,including but not limited to high-performance,miniaturization and multifunction[1−4].In a particular EES cell,active materials are carried by electrodes as the basic building blocks of energy storage or release.Material innovation(includes composition,structure,size and morphology)has revealed remarkable energy density,power density and lifespan for associated devices in the lab setting of low mass loading slurry-coating electrodes[5].

An in-depth understanding of photophysics in organic photocatalysts

The urgent need to replace conventional fossil fuels with clean energy has stimulated a large number of research efforts on photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[1−4].Alternatively,organic semiconductors with tunable light absorption,well-positioned band edges,and excellent charge separation are highly expected[5−8].Conventionally,a semiconductor material with a wide band gap has a larger exciton binding energy,while a semiconductor material with a narrow band gap has a smaller exciton binding energy[9].Since smaller exciton binding energies are favorable for exciton separation,choosing a semiconductor with a suitable bandgap seems to be the first step toward high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency.The tunable light-harvesting ability determines the advantage and potential of organic semiconductors as photocatalysts.However,the insufficient external quantum efficiency(EQE)and the un-derlying photophysical mechanism remain restricting the orientation toward industrialization[10].

Decoding hereditary spastic paraplegia pathogenicity through transcriptomic profiling

Hereditary spastic paraplegia(HSP)is a group of genetic motor neuron diseases resulting from length-dependent axonal degeneration of the corticospinal upper motor neurons.Due to the advancement of next-generation sequencing,more than 70 novel HSP disease-causing genes have been identified in the past decade.Despite this,our understanding of HSP physiopathology and the development of efficient management and treatment strategies remain poor.One major challenge in studying HSP pathogenicity is selective neuronal vulnerability,characterized by the manifestation of clinical symptoms that are restricted to specific neuronal populations,despite the presence of germline disease-causing variants in every cell of the patient.Furthermore,disease genes may exhibit ubiquitous expression patterns and involve a myriad of different pathways to cause motor neuron degeneration.In the current review,we explore the correlation between transcriptomic data and clinical manifestations,as well as the importance of interspecies models by comparing tissue-specific transcriptomic profiles of humans and mice,expression patterns of different genes in the brain during development,and single-cell transcriptomic data from related tissues.Furthermore,we discuss the potential of emerging single-cell RNA sequencing technologies to resolve unanswered questions related to HSP pathogenicity.

The quantity of OA and activity of cellulase and polygalacturonase are involved in variation of virulence in Sclerotium rolfsii

In order to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of Sclerotium rolfsii on peanut and to analyze the variation of virulence in S.rolfsii strains,the highly virulent strain(ZY2)and weakly virulent strain(GP3-1)were investigated under both in vivo and in vitro conditions.The results indicated that S.rolfsii directly infected peanut by producing infection cushions.ZY2 formed infection cushions earlier than GP3-1,and ZY2 produced a greater number of infection cushions compare to GP3-1.Both strains could utilize cellulose,xylose,or polygalacturonic acid in the Czapek medium.The activities of cellulase(CL)and polygalacturonase(PG)in the inoculated peanut stems increased significantly at 9 h after inoculation.The activities of CL and PG produced by ZY2 in the inoculated stems were significantly higher than that produced by GP3-1.Both strains could produce oxalic acid(OA),and the content of OA produced by ZY2 in the inoculated stems was higher than that produced by GP3-1.In summary,it suggested that S.rolfsii destroyed peanut cells through physical and biochemical factors by secreting a large amount of OA,CL and PG during the formation of infection cushions.The difference in OA content,activity of CL and PG produced by highly and weakly virulent strains played important roles in variation of virulence.

A systematic identification of cold tolerance genes in peanut using yeast functional screening system

Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is a thermophilic crop,and low temperature leads to a significant reduction in annual yields.Despite a few cold tolerant germplasms or cultivars have been discovered and developed,molecular mechanisms governing peanut cold tolerance is poorly understood.Identification of keys genes involved in cold tolerance is the first step to address the underlying mechanism.In this study,we isolated and characterized 157 genes with potentials to confer cold tolerance in peanut by using a yeast functional screening system.GO(Gene ontology)and KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)enrichment analysis of these genes revealed that ribosome and photosynthesis proteins might play essential roles in peanut cold response.Transcriptome results indicated that 60 cold tolerance candidate genes were significantly induced or depressed by low temperature.qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that several candidate genes could be also regulated by salt or drought stress.Individual overexpression of two UDP-glycosyltransferases(AhUGT2 and AhUGT268)in transgenic yeast cells could enhance their tolerance to multiple abiotic stress.In conclusion,this study advances our understanding of the mechanisms associated with the cold stress responses in peanut,and offers valuable gene resources for genetic improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in crops.

Correlation and variability analysis of yield and quality related traits in different peanut varieties across various ecological zones of China

Peanut cultivation in China spans various ecological zones, each with unique environmental conditions. Identifying suitable peanut varieties for these regions has been challenging due to significant phenotypic variations observed across environments. This study, based on a comprehensive analysis of 256 peanut varieties, selected nine representative varieties(Huayu23, Yuanza9102, Silihong, Wanhua2, Zhonghua6, Zhonghua16, Zhonghua21,Zhonghua215, Zhonghua24) for cultivation in five distinct ecological zones including Chengdu, Hefei, Nanjing,Shijiazhuang, and Wuhan. The yield and quality related phenotypic traits of these varieties were thoroughly assessed, revealing a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Principal component analysis(PCA) effectively distinguished varieties based on yield and quality traits. Strong correlations were observed between specific traits, such as seed size and quality components. The G × E interaction was evident, as some varieties consistently performed better in certain environments. Varieties with lower coefficient of variation(CV)values exhibited stable trait expression, making them reliable choices for broad cultivation. In contrast, varieties with higher CV values displayed greater sensitivity to environmental fluctuations, potentially due to specific genetic factors. Two high oleic acid varieties, Zhonghua24 and Zhonghua215, demonstrated remarkable stability in oleic acid content across diverse environments, suggesting the presence of genetic mechanisms that buffer against environmental variations. Overall, this study underscores the importance of selecting peanut varieties based on their adaptability and performance in specific ecological zones. These findings provide valuable insights for peanut breeders and farmers, facilitating informed decisions for improved crop production and quality.

胭脂萝卜新品种南红胭1号的选育

南红胭1号是以四川省仪陇县地方品种胭脂萝卜为基础种质材料,经多代系统选育而成。该品种在四川地区秋季露地种植生育期123 d左右。叶丛半直立,株高42 cm,开展度47 cm。花叶,叶色浅绿,叶片少刺毛,叶柄呈紫红色,叶片数量为12~13片。肉质根呈葫芦形,入土1/2左右,肉质根长14 cm、根粗5.2 cm,单根质量160 g左右,肉质根皮、肉均为紫红色,肉色均匀。肉质根花青素含量(w)可达1680 mg·kg^(-1)。667 m^(2)产量2100 kg。中抗霜霉病,感病毒病。适宜在四川省成都市、南充市、广安市等区域的平坝、丘陵地区或类似生态区秋季露地种植。2022年通过四川省非主要农作物品种认定委员会认定。

基于HPLC建立建昌帮姜天麻炮制前后主成分含量测定方法

目的:采用HPLC法测定天麻姜制前后6种主要成分含量,以研究姜制对天麻主要化学成分变化的影响,为深入研究姜制天麻炮制机理提供数据支撑。方法:以不同产地的10个批次天麻和姜天麻为检测样品,采用HPLC法检测并比较天麻姜制前后天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、巴利森苷E(Parishin E,PE)、巴利森苷A(Parishin A,PA)、巴利森苷B(Parishin B,PB)、巴利森苷C(Parishin C,PC)含量变化规律。结果:天麻中天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、PA、PB、PC、PE含量范围分别为0.15%~0.54%、0.01~0.14%、0.20%~1.31%、0.18%~0.61%、0.02%~0.11%、0.09%~0.19%,姜天麻中分别为0.32%~0.72%、0.01%~0.10%、0.27%~0.95%、0.23%~0.66%、0.06%~0.16%、0.12%~0.31%。结论:天麻经姜制后6种有效成分均发生不同程度变化,其中天麻素、PC两个成分变化最为显著,本实验建立的方法可为天麻和姜天麻质量标准研究提供依据,也为深入研究天麻炮制变化机理奠定基础。

江西建昌帮炆远志对东莨菪碱致小鼠学习记忆障碍的影响

目的:研究建昌帮炆远志对东莨菪碱致痴呆模型小鼠学习记忆障碍的改善作用,比较其炮制前后益智药效的差异。方法:采用腹腔注射2 mg/kg东莨菪碱制备学习记忆障碍小鼠模型,进行Morris水迷宫实验观察其逃避潜伏期、原平台停留时间与穿台次数,并测定各组小鼠脑组织中乙酰胆碱(ACH)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、乙酰胆碱转移酶(ChAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果:与空白组比较,模型组逃避潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01),原平台停留时间和穿台次数明显减少(P<0.01,P<0.05),脑组织ACH、ChAT、SOD水平明显降低(P<0.01),AChE与MDA水平明显上升(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,各炮制品给药后能明显缩短逃避潜伏期(P<0.01,P<0.05),增加原平台停留时间(P<0.05),其中炆远志高剂量与制远志的穿台次数明显增加(P<0.05);生远志组ACH、ChAT水平明显升高(P<0.05),AChE、MDA水平明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05),制远志与炆远志高剂量组ACH、ChAT、SOD水平均明显上升(P<0.01,P<0.05),AChE、MDA水平明显下降(P<0.01,P<0.05)。另外,炆远志高、中、低剂量组对各指标改善结果,提示其药效作用与剂量存在依赖性。结论:远志炮制前后均可明显改善模型小鼠学习记忆障碍,其作用机制可能与调节中枢胆碱能系统功能与抗氧化应激反应有关,但与生远志相比,炆远志与制远志改善效果更为显著,并存在剂量依赖性,这为远志经炆制后增强益智之效可提供数据支撑。

基于“院园融合”的工业设计专业现代学徒制培养模式探索与实践

创新驱动背景下,产业发展面临新的变化,工业设计可以为中小企业创新生态系统的形成提供支持。但数据表明高职工业设计专业毕业生从事专业核心岗位工作的比例却不足20%。专业立足工业设计师岗位职责、专业能力和职业素养的因素模型,坚持以企业工作室为载体,工业设计促进中心和工业设计产业园为平台,开展现代学徒制培养模式的探索与实践,为宁波乃至浙江培养了德才兼备的高水平高素质设计人才,得到了社会的广泛认可。

脊柱阶段性解剖特点及其损伤的力学机制与诊疗策略

脊柱在结构支撑、力学传递及神经保护方面发挥着重要的作用。脊柱损伤及其造成的畸形、残疾在现代社会日益引起临床工作者的重视,但由于其解剖结构和损伤的生物力学机制复杂,损伤后往往难以判断其稳定性,为精准的临床治疗带来困难。此外,临床医生少有机会通过常规渠道系统地学习生物力学知识,导致其对脊柱损伤机制及损伤后结构改变所带来的力学影响,认识不深刻,判断不准确,容易造成治疗效果不佳、愈后差等问题。为了简明地了解相关的生理力学特点及损伤机制,本文综述了脊柱的解剖结构和受力时的生物力学特点,并以常见的脊柱骨折为例阐述了颈椎、胸椎、腰椎损伤的发生机制,着重分析了影响脊柱稳定性的相关因素,为临床决策提供理论参考。

Metformin targets multiple signaling pathways in cancer

Metformin,an inexpensive and well-tolerated oral agent commonly used in the first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes,has become the focus of intense research as a candidate anticancer agent.Here,we discuss the potential of metformin in cancer therapeutics,particularly its functions in multiple signaling pathways,including AMP-activated protein kinase,mammalian target of rapamycin,insulin-like growth factor,c-Jun N-terminal kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MARK),human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,and nuclear factor kappaB pathways.In addition,cutting-edge targeting of cancer stem cells by metformin is summarized.

S-1 plus gemcitabine chemotherapy followed by concurrent radiotherapy and maintenance therapy with S-1 for unresectable pancreatic cancer

AIM:To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of the combination of S-1 with gemcitabine followed by oral S-1 with concurrent radiotherapy(intensity modulated radiotherapy,IMRT) and maintenance therapy with S-1 for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.METHODS:Subjects selected in the study were patients who had unresectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer without distant metastases,adequate organ and marrow functions,an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1 and no prior anticancer therapy. Initially the subjects received two cycles of chemotherapy,oral administration of S-1 40 mg/m2 twice daily from day 1 to day 14 of a 21-d cycle,with 30-min intravenous infusions of gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 8. Two weeks after the completion of chemotherapy,S-1 was administered orally with concurrent IMRT. Oral S-1 was administered at a dose of 80 mg/m2 per day twice daily from day 1 to day 14 and from day 22 to day 35. Radiation was concurrently delivered at a dose of 50.4 Gy(1.8 Gy/d,5 times per week,28 fractions). One month after the completion of chemotherapy and radiotherapy,S-1 was administered orally at a dose of 80 mg/m2 per day twice daily for 14 d,followed by a 14-d rest period. This cycle was repeated as maintenance therapy,until unacceptable toxicity occurred or the disease worsened. Thirty-two patients were involved in this study. The median followup was 15.6 mo(range:8.6-32.3 mo).RESULTS:Thirty-two patients completed the scheduled course of chemotherapy,while 30 patients(93.8%) received chemoradiotherapy with two patients ceasing to continue with radiotherapy. The major toxic effects were nausea and leukopenia. There was no grade 4 toxicity or treatment-related death. According to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria,the objective tumor response was partial response in 17(53.1%) patients,stable disease in 9(28.1%),and progressive disease in 6(18.8%). The median overall survival and median progression-free survival were 15.2 mo and 9.3 mo,respectively. The survival rates at 1 year and 2 years were 75% and 34.4%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The combination of S-1 with gemcitabine followed by oral S-1 with IMRT and maintenance therapy with S-1 alone in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer may be considered a well-tolerated,promising treatment regimen.

Highly-rough surface carbon nanofibers film as an effective interlayer for lithium–sulfur batteries

Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)battery with a new configuration is demonstrated by inserting a flexible nitrogen-doping carbon nanofiber(N-CNFs)interlayer between the sulfur cathode and the separator.The N-CNFs film with high surface roughness and surface area is fabricated by electrospinning and a subsequent calcination process.The N-CNFs film interlayer not only effectively traps the shuttling migration of polysulfides but also gives the whole battery reliable electronic conductivity,which can effectively enhance the electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries.Finally,Li–S batteries with long cycling stability of 785 mAh/g after 200 cycles and good rate capability of 573 mAh/g at 5 C are achieved.

Anode materials for potassium-ion batteries: Current status and prospects

Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)as one of the most promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries have been highly valued in recent years.However,progress in KIBs is largely restricted by the sluggish development in anode materials.Therefore,it is imperative to systematically outline and evaluate the recent research advances in the field of anode materials for KIBs toward promoting the development of high-performance anode materials for KIBs.In this review,the recent achievements in anode materials for KIBs are summarized.The electrochemical properties(ie.charge storage mechanism,capacity,rate performance,and cycling stability)of these reported anode materials,as well as their advantages/disadvantages,are discerned and analyzed,enabling high-performance KIBs to meet the requirements for practical applications.Finally,technological developments,scientific challenges,and future research opportunities of anode materials for KIBs are briefly reviewed.

Safe conservation and utilization of peanut germplasm resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China

Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an important oil and cash crop in the world.Peanut germplasm collected in China are abundant,which provides important material guarantee for peanut breeding and industrial development.Here,the safe conservation technology and indicators of peanut germplasm resources in the Oil Crops Middleterm Genebank of China were expounded from three processes of storage,monitoring,reproduction and renewal.We summarized and reviewed the situation of conservation and utilization of peanut germplasm resources in the Middle-term Genebank in the past 20 years.The future research direction of peanut resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China is prospected.