非小细胞肺癌免疫检查点抑制剂假性进展的研究进展

免疫检查点抑制剂的出现极大地改善了晚期肺癌患者的预后,但其可能会导致假性进展,使临床评估和管理变得复杂化。假性进展表现为肿瘤暂时性增大或出现新病变等,继续治疗后影像学上出现改善,多不伴有临床症状恶化。目前假性进展在早期诊断方面仍存在困难,其发生机制尚不明确,缺乏良好的预测因素和相关生物标志物。本文通过对非小细胞肺癌免疫检查点抑制剂假性进展的研究现状进行综述,以期为使用该类药物治疗患者的临床医生提供有益的参考。

某小区居民楼结构安全性检测鉴定

某小区居民楼因一侧墙体出现不同程度的开裂及房屋整体倾斜现象,影响该楼小区居民的正常生活。基于此,文中对该栋楼进行检测鉴定,主要方法包括外观质量损伤调查、材料性能检测、房屋倾斜测量、承载力计算,最后对该建筑结构安全现状进行安全性鉴定评级,评定该居民楼结构的安全性等级为Dsu级。

Climate Change, Air Quality and Urban Health: Evidence from Urban Air Quality Surveillance System in 161 Cities of China 2014

Air pollution has posed a serious public health issue in China. In the study, we aimed to examine the burden of air pollution and its association with climate factors and total mortality. City-level daily air quality index (AQI) data in 161 cities of China in 2014, and meteorological factors, socioeconomic status and total morality were obtained from China environmental, meteor-ology and healthcare agencies. Linear regression, spatial autocorrelation analysis and panel fixed models were applied in data analysis. Among 161 cities, monthly average AQI was significantly different by seasons and regions. The highest average AQI was in winter, and the lowest in summer. A significant clustering distribution of AQI by cities was observed, with the highest AQI in north China (22 cities, mean = 117.36). Among the 161 cities, 5 cities (3%) had AQI > 150 (e.g., moderate polluted reference value), and 50 cities (31.1%) had AQI between 100 and 150 (slightly polluted value). Daily heat index, precipitation and sunshine hours were negatively and significantly, but air pressure was positively correlated with AQI. Cities with higher AQI concentrations had higher total mortality than those with lower AQI. This AQI-mortality association remained significant after adjustment for socioeconomic status. In conclusion, the study highlights the burden and seasonal, regional and areas variations in air pollution across the nation. Air pollution is estimated to account for more than 4% of the urban health inequality in total mortality in China.

Flexible high-resolution micro-LED display device with integrations of transparent,conductive,and highly elastic hydrogel

Computer vision techniques are real-time,immersive,and perceptual human-computer interaction technology.Excellent display effect,dynamic surface flexibility,and safe bio-adhesion are essential for various human–computer interaction applications,such as metaverse interfaces,skin-like sensors,and optoelectronic medical devices.However,realizing the flexible matching of inorganic optoelectronic devices and organisms remains a grand challenge for current display technologies.Here,we proposed a novel strategy by combining the optoelectronic advantages of inorganic micro light emitting diode(micro-LED)display and the extraordinary mechanical/biological compatibility of organic materials to overcome this challenge.A highly elastic(greater than 2000%strain),highly transparent(94%visible light transmittance),biocompatible conductive hydrogel composite electrode layer was fabricated.For the first time,we realized the on-chip electrical interconnection of 4900 LED units to form a blue-green light display patch with high resolution(264 PPI),low power consumption(4.4 mW)and adaptive surface attachment.This work demonstrates an integrated scheme and potential applications of flexible high-resolution microdisplays,such as wearable fullcolor micro-LED smart curved display devices and conformable biomedical monitoring systems.

Large scale preparation of 20 cm×20 cm graphene modified carbon felt for high performance vanadium redox flow battery

Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)are widely applied in energy storage systems(e.g.,wind energy,solar energy),while the poor activity of commonly used carbon-based electrode limits their large-scale application.In this study,the graphene modified carbon felt(G/CF)with a large area of 20 cm×20 cm has been successfully prepared by a chemical vapor deposition(CVD)strategy,achieving outstanding electrocatalytic redox reversibility of the VRFBs.The decorating graphene can provide abundant active sites for the vanadium redox reactions.Compared with the pristine carbon felt(CF)electrode,the G/CF composite electrode possesses more defective sites on surface,which enhances activity toward VO^(2+)/VO^(2+)couple and electrochemical performances.For instance,such G/CF electrode delivered remarkable voltage efficiency(VE)of 88.4%and energy efficiency(EE)of 86.4%at 100 mA·cm^(-2),much higher than CF electrode by 2.1%and 3.78%,respectively.The long-term cycling stability of G/CF electrode was further investigated and a high retention value of 47.6%can be achieved over 600 cycles.It is demonstrated that this work develops a promising and effective strategy to synthesize the large size of carbon electrode with high performances for the next-generation VRFBs.

Ultra-antifreeze,ultra-stretchable,transparent,and conductive hydrogel for multi-functional flexible electronics as strain sensor and triboelectric nanogenerator

Conductive hydrogels have become one of the most promising candidates for flexible electronics due to their excellent mechanical flexibility,durability of deformation,and good electrical conductivity.However,in real applications,severe environments occur frequently,such as extremely cold weather.General hydrogels always lack anti-freeze and anti-dehydration abilities.Consequently,the functions of electronic devices based on traditional hydrogels will quickly fail in extreme environments.Therefore,the development of environmentally robust hydrogels that can withstand extremely low temperatures,overcome dehydration,and ensure the stable operation of electronic devices has become increasingly important.Here,we report a kind of graphene oxide(GO)incorporated polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylamide(PVA-PAAm)double network hydrogel(GPPDhydrogel)which shows excellent anti-freeze ability.The GPPD-hydrogel exhibits not only good flexibility and ultra-high stretchability up to 2,000%,but ensures a high sensitivity when used as the strain sensor at−50°C.More importantly,when serving as the electrode of a sandwich-structural triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG),the GPPD-hydrogel endows the TENG high and stable output performances even under−80°C.Besides,the GPPD-hydrogel is demonstrated long-lasting moisture retention over 100 days.The GPPD-hydrogel provides a reliable and promising candidate for the new generation of wearable electronics.

Cost-Effective Membrane and Advanced Electrode for Stable Polysulfide-Ferricyanide Flow Battery

Based on inexpensive,safe,and environmentally friendly active redox species,neutral polysulfide-ferrocyanide redox flow batteries(PFRFBs)have attracted much attention for large-scale energy storage.However,the development of PFRFBs is undermined by the expensive commercial membrane materials as well as the sluggish polysulfide redox reactions.This work attempts to solve these critical problems by combining the economical membrane with the highly catalytic electrode.In specific,K^(+)-exchanged sulfonated polyether ether ketone(SPEEK-K)membranes have been investigated in PFRFBs to replace the costly Nafion membrane.SPEEK-K with optimized degree of sulfonation enables the PFRFB high average coulombic efficiency of 99.80%and superior energy efficiency of 90.42%at a current density of 20mAcm^(-2).Meanwhile,to overcome the kinetic limitations of polysulfide redox reactions,a CuS-modified carbon felt electrode is demonstrated with excellent catalytic performance,enabling the PFRFB higher and more stable energy efficiency over cycling.The combination of the cost-effective membrane with the catalytic electrode in one cell leads to a capacity retention of 99.54%after 1180 cycles and an outstanding power density(up to 223mWcm^(-2)).The significant enhancements of electrochemical performance at reduced capital cost will make the PFRFB more promising for large-scale energy storage systems.

Metalens-based stereoscopic microscope

Stereoscopic microscopy is a promising technology to obtain three-dimensional microscopic images.Such microscopes are based on the parallax effect,and as such require two lenses to focus at two different points.Geometrical constraints,however,restrict their numerical apertures to about 0.2,thus limiting the system’s resolution.Higher numerical apertures(.35)can be achieved with designs using only one bulk lens,but such systems are0 times more costly than the conventional ones.Thus,there is a pressing need for alternative solutions to improve the resolution of stereoscopic systems.Here,we show that high-resolution and low-cost stereoscopic systems can be obtained using birefringent single-layer metalenses.We design and fabricate a birefringent metalens operating at 532 nm with a numerical aperture as high as 0.4.The metalens is then used to demonstrate high-resolution stereoscopic imaging of biological samples.The microscopic images are further displayed and perceived vividly in an autostereoscopic display.Our demonstration paves the way to a new strategy to achieve high-resolution and low-cost stereoscopic microscopes.

Efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy combined with transarterial chemoembolization for Chinese intermediate-to advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim:According to the current guidelines,transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)remains the first-line therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients at Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)B-stage and sorafenib is a small molecule target drug for BCLC C-stage.In clinical practice,clinicians have attempted to use stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT)plus TACE for treating intermediate-to advanced-stage HCC.However,the therapeutic effects are still inconsistent.This meta-analysis was conducted to elucidate the validity and safety of the combination therapy of SBRT plus TACE in the patients with intermediate-to advanced-stage HCC.Methods:PubMed,MEDLINE,Web of Science,China Biology Medicine,Chinese Knowledge resources integrated and Chinese Scientific Journal Full-Text Database was searched from their inception date to November 2018.The survival rates(half-year,one-year and two-year)were analyzed and compared between the observation groups and the control groups.The negative conversion rate of AFP and the total effective rate were also assessed.Risk ratios(RR)and 95%CI were calculated to express therapeutic effects. ;Results:A total of 1,210 patients from 13 eligible studies were included.The cooperation of TACE and SBRT notably ameliorated the whole survival rates of half-year,one-year,two-year,the negative conversion rate of AFP,and the total effective rate,compared with TACE or SBRT monotherapy[RR(the total effective rate),1.412,95%CI:1.309-1.523,P<0.001],[RR(half-year survival rate),1.196,95%CI:1.121-1.276,P<0.001],[RR(one-year survival rate),1.327,95%CI:1.236-1.424,P<0.001],[RR(two-year survival rate),1.479,95%CI:1.284-1.703,P<0.001]and[RR(negative conversion rate of AFP),1.756,95%CI:1.502-2.059,P<0.001].Sensitivity analysis supported the above results.Conclusion:Combination therapy of SBRT and TACE provides survival benefits in intermediate-to advanced-stage HCC patients compared to monotherapy of SBRT or TACE.

Transarterial chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas larger than 5 cm

Aim:This meta-analysis was designed to compare the effectiveness of the combination of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)and radiofrequency ablation(RFA)vs.that of TACE alone in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)tumors larger than 5 cm.Methods:PUBMED,CNKI,and CBM were searched for all related randomized controlled trials(RCTs)up until October 22,2018.Eleven studies were identified that compared TACE with RFAvs.TACE alone for HCC treatment.Tumor response rate,the proportion of patients with either complete or partial shrinkage of tumors,and survival rate were the major evaluation indices.Results:Meta-analysis data revealed that TACE with RFA showed significantly better tumor response rate(risk ratio(RR)=1.452,95%confidence interval(CI):1.308-1.610,P<0.001)and 1-year overall survival rate(RR=1.412,95%CI:1.249-1.596,P<0.001)than that of TACE alone treatment.Conclusion:The data of our study indicates that TACE combined with RFA in the treatment of HCC larger than 5 cm is an effective comprehensive interventional therapy.

Theoretical investigations of transport properties of organic solvents in cation-functionalized graphene oxide membranes： Implications for drug delivery

We perform detailed quantum chemical calculations to elucidate the origin and mechanism of the selective permeability of alkali and alkaline earth cation- decorated graphene oxide （M-GO） membranes to organic solvents. The results show that the selectivity is associated mainly with the transport properties of solvents in the membranes, which depends on two regions of the flow path： the sp3 C-O matrix of the GO sheets and the cation at the center of the hexagon rather than the sp~ region. According to the delocalization of ~ states in sp2 regions, we propose a design guide for high-quality M-GO membranes. The solvent-cation interaction essentially causes directional transport of molecules in the M-GO membranes under the transmembrane pressure, indicating a site-to-site mech- anism. The solvent-sp3 C-O matrix interaction may inhibit molecular transport between two fixed cations by consuming energy. The competition between energy consumption by the solvent-cation interaction and energy expenditure by the solvent-sp3 C-O matrix interaction leads to various transport properties of solvents and thus allows for the selective permeability of the M-GO membranes. Findings from the study are helpful for the future design of multifunctional M-GO macro-membranes as cost-effective solution nanofilters in chemical, biological, and medical applications