Guaico Culex virus(GCXV)is a newly identified segmented Jingmenvirus from Culex spp.mosquitoes in Central and South America.The genome of GCXV is composed of four or five single-stranded positive RNA segments.However,...Guaico Culex virus(GCXV)is a newly identified segmented Jingmenvirus from Culex spp.mosquitoes in Central and South America.The genome of GCXV is composed of four or five single-stranded positive RNA segments.However,the infection kinetics and transmission capability of GCXV in mosquitoes remain unknown.In this study,we used reverse genetics to rescue two GCXVs(4S and 5S)that contained four and five RNA segments,respectively,in C6/36 cells.Further in vitro characterization revealed that the two GCXVs exhibited comparable replication kinetics,protein expression and viral titers.Importantly,GCXV RNAs were detected in the bodies,salivary glands,midguts and ovaries of Culex quinquefasciatus at 4–10 days after oral infection.In addition,two GCXVs can colonize Cx.quinquefasciatus eggs,resulting in positive rates of 15%–35%for the second gonotrophic cycle.In conclusion,our results demonstrated that GCXVs with four or five RNA segments can be detected in Cx.quinquefasciatus eggs during the first and second gonotrophic cycles after oral infection.展开更多
Cap-dependent endonuclease(CEN)in the polymerase acidic protein(PA)of influenza A virus(IAV)represents a promising drug target due to its critical role in viral gene transcription.The CEN inhibitor,baloxavir marboxil(...Cap-dependent endonuclease(CEN)in the polymerase acidic protein(PA)of influenza A virus(IAV)represents a promising drug target due to its critical role in viral gene transcription.The CEN inhibitor,baloxavir marboxil(BXM),was approved in Japan and the US in 2018 and several other countries subsequently.Along with the clinical use of BXM,the emergence and spread of IAV variants with reduced susceptibility to BXM have aroused serious concern.Herein,we comprehensively characterized the in vitro and in vivo antiviral activities of ZX-7101A,an analogue of BXM.The active form of prodrug ZX-7101 showed broad-spectrum antiviral potency against various IAV subtypes,including pH1N1,H3N2,H7N9 and H9N2,in MDCK cells,and the 50%effective concentration(EC_(50))was calculated to nanomole level and comparable to that of baloxavir acid(BXA),the active form of BXM.Furthermore,in vivo assays showed that administration of ZX-7101A conferred significant protection against lethal pH1N1 challenge in mice,with reduced viral RNA loads and alleviated pulmonary damage.Importantly,serial passaging of H1N1 virus in MDCK cells under selection pressure of ZX-7101 led to a resistant variant at the 15th passage.Reverse genetic and sequencing analysis demonstrated that a single E18G substitution in the PA subunit contributed to the reduced susceptibility to both ZX-7101 and BXA.Taken together,our results not only characterized a new CEN inhibitor of IAV but also identified a novel amino acid substitution responsible for CEN inhibitor resistance,which provides critical clues for future drug development and drug resistance surveillance.展开更多
Dear Editor,Zika virus(ZIKV)used to be an unknown mosquito-borne flavivirus,and maintained its limited sylvatic circulation in a few African and Asian countries(Enfissi et al.,2016).Based on available clinical data,th...Dear Editor,Zika virus(ZIKV)used to be an unknown mosquito-borne flavivirus,and maintained its limited sylvatic circulation in a few African and Asian countries(Enfissi et al.,2016).Based on available clinical data,the symptoms in human infections with ZIKV are supposed to be similar to other arbovirus infections such as dengue,and characterized by fever,skin rashes,conjunctivitis,muscle and joint pain,malaise,and headache(Duffy et al.,2009).However。展开更多
In the present study,impulse pressuring diffusion bonding technology(IPDB)was utilized between commercially pure titanium and 304 stainless steel(SS)using pure nickel(Ni)as interlayer metal.The interfacial microstruct...In the present study,impulse pressuring diffusion bonding technology(IPDB)was utilized between commercially pure titanium and 304 stainless steel(SS)using pure nickel(Ni)as interlayer metal.The interfacial microstructures of the bonded joints were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscope(EDS)analyses.It is found that with the aid of the Ni interlayer,the interdiffusion and reaction between Ti and SS can be effectively restricted and robust joints can be obtained.Intermetallic compounds(IMCs)including Ti_2Ni,Ti Ni,and TiNi_3 are detected at the Ti/Ni interface;however,only Ni–Fe solid solution is found at the Ni/SS interface.The maximum tensile strength of 358 MPa is obtained by IPDB for 90 s and the fracture takes place along the Ti_2Ni and Ti Ni phase upon tensile loading.The existence of cleavage pattern on the fracture surface indicates the brittle nature of the joints.展开更多
Messenger RNA(mRNA)vaccine technology has shown its power in preventing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Two mRNA vaccines targeting the full-length S protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use.Recently...Messenger RNA(mRNA)vaccine technology has shown its power in preventing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Two mRNA vaccines targeting the full-length S protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use.Recently,we have developed a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA(mRNA-LNP)encoding the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of SARS-CoV-2(termed ARCoV),which confers complete protection in mouse model.Herein,we further characterized the protection efficacy of ARCoV in nonhuman primates and the Iong-term stability under normal refrigerator temperature.Intramuscular immunization of two doses of ARCoV elicited robust neutralizing antibodies as well as cellular response against SARS-CoV-2 in cynomolgus macaques.More importantly,ARCoV vaccination in macaques significantly protected animals from acute lung lesions caused by SARS-CoV-2,and viral replication in lungs and secretion in nasal swabs were completely cleared in all animals immunized with low or high doses of ARCoV.No evidenee of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection was observed throughout the study.Finally,extensive stability assays showed that ARCoV can be stored at 2-8℃ for at least 6 months without decrease of immunogenicity.All these promising results strongly support the ongoing clinical trial.展开更多
SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV are genetically related coronavirus and share the same cellular receptor ACE2.By replacing the VSV glycoprotein with the spikes(S)of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV,we generated two replication-compete...SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV are genetically related coronavirus and share the same cellular receptor ACE2.By replacing the VSV glycoprotein with the spikes(S)of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV,we generated two replication-competent recombinant viruses,rVSVSARS-CoV-2 and rVSV-SARS-CoV.Using wild-type and human ACE2(hACE2)knock-in mouse models,we found a single dose of rVSV-SARS-CoV could elicit strong humoral immune response via both intranasal(i.n.)and intramuscular(i.m.)routes.Despite the high genetic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV,no obvious cross-neutralizing activity was observed in the immunized mice sera.In macaques,neutralizing antibody(NAb)titers induced by one i.n.dose of rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 were eight-fold higher than those by a single i.m.dose.Thus,our data indicates that rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 might be suitable for i.n.administration instead of the traditional i.m.immunization in human.Because rVSV-SARS-CoV elicited significantly stronger NAb responses than rVSV-SARS-CoV2 in a route-independent manner,we generated a chimeric antigen by replacing the receptor binding domain(RBD)of SARS-CoV S with that from the SARS-CoV-2.rVSV expressing the chimera(rVSV-SARS-CoV/2-RBD)induced significantly increased NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and macaques than rVSV-SARS-CoV-2,with a safe Th1-biased response.Serum immunized with rVSV-SARS-CoV/2-RBD showed no cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV.hACE2 mice receiving a single i.m.dose of either rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 or rVSV-SARSCoV/2-RBD were fully protected against SARS-CoV-2 challenge without obvious lesions in the lungs.Our results suggest that transplantation of SARS-CoV-2 RBD into the S protein of SARS-CoV might be a promising antigen design for COVID-19 vaccines.展开更多
The sudden emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV) has caused global panic in 2003,and the risk of SARS-CoV outbreak still exists. However, no specific antiviral drug or vaccine is availab...The sudden emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV) has caused global panic in 2003,and the risk of SARS-CoV outbreak still exists. However, no specific antiviral drug or vaccine is available;thus, the development of therapeutic antibodies against SARS-CoV is needed. In this study, a nanobody phage-displayed library was constructed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of alpacas immunized with the recombinant receptor-binding domain(RBD) of SARS-CoV. Four positive clones were selected after four rounds of bio-panning and subjected to recombinant expression in E. coli. Further biological identification demonstrated that one of the nanobodies, S14, showed high affinity to SARS-CoV RBD and potent neutralization activity at the picomole level against SARS-CoV pseudovirus. A competitive inhibition assay showed that S14 blocked the binding of SARS-CoV RBD to either soluble or cell-expressed angiotensinconverting enzyme 2(ACE2). In summary, we developed a novel nanobody targeting SARS-CoV RBD, which might be useful for the development of therapeutics against SARS.展开更多
Dear Editor,Genetic code expansion based on orthogonal tRNA-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase is an emerging technology to sitespecifically incorporate unnatural amino acids(UAAs)into viral proteins to produce UAA-controlled ...Dear Editor,Genetic code expansion based on orthogonal tRNA-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase is an emerging technology to sitespecifically incorporate unnatural amino acids(UAAs)into viral proteins to produce UAA-controlled replication-defective virus.展开更多
Dear Editor,COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is still a threat to millions of lives worldwide.Although SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been approved to reduce the severit...Dear Editor,COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is still a threat to millions of lives worldwide.Although SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been approved to reduce the severity and death associated with COVID-19,the number of SARS-CoV-2-infected cases still remains high,especially with the appearance of various mutant strains such as P.1.351 and P.1.617(also known as South Africa strain and India strain,respectively),which may reduce the efficacy of vaccine protection.There is an urgent need to develop effective antiviral agents to treat C0VID-19 patients,especially with those infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.展开更多
The highly pathogenic and readily transmissible SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global coronavirus pandemic,urgently requiring effective countermeasures against its rapid expansion.All available vaccine platforms are being us...The highly pathogenic and readily transmissible SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global coronavirus pandemic,urgently requiring effective countermeasures against its rapid expansion.All available vaccine platforms are being used to generate safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines.Here,we generated a live-attenuated candidate vaccine strain by serial passaging of a SARSCoV-2 clinical isolate in Vero cells.展开更多
The Orthopoxvirus genus,especially variola virus(VARV),monkeypox virus(MPXV),remains a significant public health threat worldwide.The development of therapeutic antibodies against orthopoxviruses is largely hampered b...The Orthopoxvirus genus,especially variola virus(VARV),monkeypox virus(MPXV),remains a significant public health threat worldwide.The development of therapeutic antibodies against orthopoxviruses is largely hampered by the high cost of antibody engineering and manufacturing processes.mRNA-encoded antibodies have emerged as a powerful and universal platform for rapid antibody production.Herein,by using the established lipid nanoparticle(LNP)-encapsulated mRNA platform,we constructed four mRNA combinations that encode monoclonal antibodies with broad neutralization activities against orthopoxviruses.In vivo characterization demonstrated that a single intravenous injection of each LNP-encapsulated mRNA antibody in mice resulted in the rapid production of neutralizing antibodies.More importantly,mRNA antibody treatments showed significant protection from weight loss and mortality in the vaccinia virus(VACV)lethal challenge mouse model,and a unique mRNA antibody cocktail,Mix2a,exhibited superior in vivo protection by targeting both intracellular mature virus(IMV)-form and extracellular enveloped virus(EEV)-form viruses.In summary,our results demonstrate the proof-of-concept production of orthopoxvirus antibodies via the LNP-mRNA platform,highlighting the great potential of tailored mRNA antibody combinations as a universal strategy to combat orthopoxvirus as well as otheremerging viruses.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2023YFC2305901)J.J.G.was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Fund(No.2022M713868)。
文摘Guaico Culex virus(GCXV)is a newly identified segmented Jingmenvirus from Culex spp.mosquitoes in Central and South America.The genome of GCXV is composed of four or five single-stranded positive RNA segments.However,the infection kinetics and transmission capability of GCXV in mosquitoes remain unknown.In this study,we used reverse genetics to rescue two GCXVs(4S and 5S)that contained four and five RNA segments,respectively,in C6/36 cells.Further in vitro characterization revealed that the two GCXVs exhibited comparable replication kinetics,protein expression and viral titers.Importantly,GCXV RNAs were detected in the bodies,salivary glands,midguts and ovaries of Culex quinquefasciatus at 4–10 days after oral infection.In addition,two GCXVs can colonize Cx.quinquefasciatus eggs,resulting in positive rates of 15%–35%for the second gonotrophic cycle.In conclusion,our results demonstrated that GCXVs with four or five RNA segments can be detected in Cx.quinquefasciatus eggs during the first and second gonotrophic cycles after oral infection.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project (2018ZX097110003-005-002)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2022B1111020002)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (32170159,and 82174055)supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (81925025)the Innovative Research Group (81621005)of the NSFCthe Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2019-I2M-5-049)of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
文摘Cap-dependent endonuclease(CEN)in the polymerase acidic protein(PA)of influenza A virus(IAV)represents a promising drug target due to its critical role in viral gene transcription.The CEN inhibitor,baloxavir marboxil(BXM),was approved in Japan and the US in 2018 and several other countries subsequently.Along with the clinical use of BXM,the emergence and spread of IAV variants with reduced susceptibility to BXM have aroused serious concern.Herein,we comprehensively characterized the in vitro and in vivo antiviral activities of ZX-7101A,an analogue of BXM.The active form of prodrug ZX-7101 showed broad-spectrum antiviral potency against various IAV subtypes,including pH1N1,H3N2,H7N9 and H9N2,in MDCK cells,and the 50%effective concentration(EC_(50))was calculated to nanomole level and comparable to that of baloxavir acid(BXA),the active form of BXM.Furthermore,in vivo assays showed that administration of ZX-7101A conferred significant protection against lethal pH1N1 challenge in mice,with reduced viral RNA loads and alleviated pulmonary damage.Importantly,serial passaging of H1N1 virus in MDCK cells under selection pressure of ZX-7101 led to a resistant variant at the 15th passage.Reverse genetic and sequencing analysis demonstrated that a single E18G substitution in the PA subunit contributed to the reduced susceptibility to both ZX-7101 and BXA.Taken together,our results not only characterized a new CEN inhibitor of IAV but also identified a novel amino acid substitution responsible for CEN inhibitor resistance,which provides critical clues for future drug development and drug resistance surveillance.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, ChinaCheng-Feng Qin was supported by the Excellent Young Scientist Program from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81522025)the Newton Advanced Fellowship from the UK Academy of Medical Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (8151101191)
文摘Dear Editor,Zika virus(ZIKV)used to be an unknown mosquito-borne flavivirus,and maintained its limited sylvatic circulation in a few African and Asian countries(Enfissi et al.,2016).Based on available clinical data,the symptoms in human infections with ZIKV are supposed to be similar to other arbovirus infections such as dengue,and characterized by fever,skin rashes,conjunctivitis,muscle and joint pain,malaise,and headache(Duffy et al.,2009).However。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50675234)
文摘In the present study,impulse pressuring diffusion bonding technology(IPDB)was utilized between commercially pure titanium and 304 stainless steel(SS)using pure nickel(Ni)as interlayer metal.The interfacial microstructures of the bonded joints were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscope(EDS)analyses.It is found that with the aid of the Ni interlayer,the interdiffusion and reaction between Ti and SS can be effectively restricted and robust joints can be obtained.Intermetallic compounds(IMCs)including Ti_2Ni,Ti Ni,and TiNi_3 are detected at the Ti/Ni interface;however,only Ni–Fe solid solution is found at the Ni/SS interface.The maximum tensile strength of 358 MPa is obtained by IPDB for 90 s and the fracture takes place along the Ti_2Ni and Ti Ni phase upon tensile loading.The existence of cleavage pattern on the fracture surface indicates the brittle nature of the joints.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2020YFC0842200,2020YFA0707801,and 2021YFC0863300)the National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.82041044 and 32130005)+2 种基金Cheng-Feng Qin was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(81925025)the Innovative Research Group(81621005)from the NSFCthe Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-049)from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
文摘Messenger RNA(mRNA)vaccine technology has shown its power in preventing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Two mRNA vaccines targeting the full-length S protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use.Recently,we have developed a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA(mRNA-LNP)encoding the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of SARS-CoV-2(termed ARCoV),which confers complete protection in mouse model.Herein,we further characterized the protection efficacy of ARCoV in nonhuman primates and the Iong-term stability under normal refrigerator temperature.Intramuscular immunization of two doses of ARCoV elicited robust neutralizing antibodies as well as cellular response against SARS-CoV-2 in cynomolgus macaques.More importantly,ARCoV vaccination in macaques significantly protected animals from acute lung lesions caused by SARS-CoV-2,and viral replication in lungs and secretion in nasal swabs were completely cleared in all animals immunized with low or high doses of ARCoV.No evidenee of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection was observed throughout the study.Finally,extensive stability assays showed that ARCoV can be stored at 2-8℃ for at least 6 months without decrease of immunogenicity.All these promising results strongly support the ongoing clinical trial.
基金This project was funded by the National Key Plan for Scientific Research and Development of China(2016YFD0500303,2018YFA0900801)the National Science and Technology Major Project(2018ZX10101004)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,General Program(81871687)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZD-SW-L06).
文摘SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV are genetically related coronavirus and share the same cellular receptor ACE2.By replacing the VSV glycoprotein with the spikes(S)of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV,we generated two replication-competent recombinant viruses,rVSVSARS-CoV-2 and rVSV-SARS-CoV.Using wild-type and human ACE2(hACE2)knock-in mouse models,we found a single dose of rVSV-SARS-CoV could elicit strong humoral immune response via both intranasal(i.n.)and intramuscular(i.m.)routes.Despite the high genetic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV,no obvious cross-neutralizing activity was observed in the immunized mice sera.In macaques,neutralizing antibody(NAb)titers induced by one i.n.dose of rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 were eight-fold higher than those by a single i.m.dose.Thus,our data indicates that rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 might be suitable for i.n.administration instead of the traditional i.m.immunization in human.Because rVSV-SARS-CoV elicited significantly stronger NAb responses than rVSV-SARS-CoV2 in a route-independent manner,we generated a chimeric antigen by replacing the receptor binding domain(RBD)of SARS-CoV S with that from the SARS-CoV-2.rVSV expressing the chimera(rVSV-SARS-CoV/2-RBD)induced significantly increased NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and macaques than rVSV-SARS-CoV-2,with a safe Th1-biased response.Serum immunized with rVSV-SARS-CoV/2-RBD showed no cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV.hACE2 mice receiving a single i.m.dose of either rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 or rVSV-SARSCoV/2-RBD were fully protected against SARS-CoV-2 challenge without obvious lesions in the lungs.Our results suggest that transplantation of SARS-CoV-2 RBD into the S protein of SARS-CoV might be a promising antigen design for COVID-19 vaccines.
基金This study was supported by SKLPBS1805 and 2019-JCJQ-JJ-167(to G.Z.)supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.81925025)+1 种基金the Innovative Research Group(No.81621005)from the NSFCthe Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2019-I2M-5-049)from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences。
文摘The sudden emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV) has caused global panic in 2003,and the risk of SARS-CoV outbreak still exists. However, no specific antiviral drug or vaccine is available;thus, the development of therapeutic antibodies against SARS-CoV is needed. In this study, a nanobody phage-displayed library was constructed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of alpacas immunized with the recombinant receptor-binding domain(RBD) of SARS-CoV. Four positive clones were selected after four rounds of bio-panning and subjected to recombinant expression in E. coli. Further biological identification demonstrated that one of the nanobodies, S14, showed high affinity to SARS-CoV RBD and potent neutralization activity at the picomole level against SARS-CoV pseudovirus. A competitive inhibition assay showed that S14 blocked the binding of SARS-CoV RBD to either soluble or cell-expressed angiotensinconverting enzyme 2(ACE2). In summary, we developed a novel nanobody targeting SARS-CoV RBD, which might be useful for the development of therapeutics against SARS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81701996)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2018YFA0900801)。
文摘Dear Editor,Genetic code expansion based on orthogonal tRNA-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase is an emerging technology to sitespecifically incorporate unnatural amino acids(UAAs)into viral proteins to produce UAA-controlled replication-defective virus.
基金This project is supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine(2021-I2M-1-047,2019-I2M-5-049 and 2016-I2M-1-005)Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2020-PT310-006,2019XK310002,2018TX31001,and 3332018131)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91542201,81925025,82102371,82174055,82073181,81802870,and 2017YFA0506200)the National Key Research and Development Project(2020YFC0841700)NIH R01AI069120,AI158154,and AI140718 grants,the UCLA AIDS InstituteUCLA David Geffen School of Medicine-Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Award Program.H.Y.is supported by science funds from Jiangsu Province(BK20211554,BK20170407)the Innovative and Entrepreneurial Team grant(2018-2021)from Jiangsu Province.L.L.is supported by InnovativeEntrepreneurial Doctor grant(2020-2022)from Jiangsu Province.R.L.is supported by the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020T130135ZX).
文摘Dear Editor,COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is still a threat to millions of lives worldwide.Although SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been approved to reduce the severity and death associated with COVID-19,the number of SARS-CoV-2-infected cases still remains high,especially with the appearance of various mutant strains such as P.1.351 and P.1.617(also known as South Africa strain and India strain,respectively),which may reduce the efficacy of vaccine protection.There is an urgent need to develop effective antiviral agents to treat C0VID-19 patients,especially with those infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC0840900,2018YFA0900801 and 2020YFA0707500)the Strategic Priority Research Program(XDB29010000,XDB37030000),CAS(YSBR-010)+5 种基金the Emergency Key Programof Guangzhou Laboratory(No.EKPG21-09)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(No.Z201100001020004,Z201100005420017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171820,No.12034006,and No.81921005)C.-F.Q.was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(81925025)the Innovative Research Group(81621005)from the NSFCthe Innovation Fund forMedical Sciences(2019-I2 M-5-049)from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
文摘The highly pathogenic and readily transmissible SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global coronavirus pandemic,urgently requiring effective countermeasures against its rapid expansion.All available vaccine platforms are being used to generate safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines.Here,we generated a live-attenuated candidate vaccine strain by serial passaging of a SARSCoV-2 clinical isolate in Vero cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82241069,and 82350801)to C.F.Q.the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2021YFC2302400)to C.F.Q.+2 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2022B1111020002).C.F.Q.supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (81925025)the Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2019-12M-5-049)from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
文摘The Orthopoxvirus genus,especially variola virus(VARV),monkeypox virus(MPXV),remains a significant public health threat worldwide.The development of therapeutic antibodies against orthopoxviruses is largely hampered by the high cost of antibody engineering and manufacturing processes.mRNA-encoded antibodies have emerged as a powerful and universal platform for rapid antibody production.Herein,by using the established lipid nanoparticle(LNP)-encapsulated mRNA platform,we constructed four mRNA combinations that encode monoclonal antibodies with broad neutralization activities against orthopoxviruses.In vivo characterization demonstrated that a single intravenous injection of each LNP-encapsulated mRNA antibody in mice resulted in the rapid production of neutralizing antibodies.More importantly,mRNA antibody treatments showed significant protection from weight loss and mortality in the vaccinia virus(VACV)lethal challenge mouse model,and a unique mRNA antibody cocktail,Mix2a,exhibited superior in vivo protection by targeting both intracellular mature virus(IMV)-form and extracellular enveloped virus(EEV)-form viruses.In summary,our results demonstrate the proof-of-concept production of orthopoxvirus antibodies via the LNP-mRNA platform,highlighting the great potential of tailored mRNA antibody combinations as a universal strategy to combat orthopoxvirus as well as otheremerging viruses.