AIM： To determine the clinical data that might be useful for differentiating benign from malignant gallbladder （GB） polyps by comparing radiological methods, including abdominal ultrasonography （US） and computed ...AIM： To determine the clinical data that might be useful for differentiating benign from malignant gallbladder （GB） polyps by comparing radiological methods, including abdominal ultrasonography （US） and computed tomography （CT） scanning, with postoperative pathology findings. METHODS： Fifty-nine patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for a GB polyp of around 10 ram. They were divided into two groups, one with cholesterol polyps and the other with non-cholesterol polyps. Clinical features such as gender, age, symptoms, size and number of polyps, the presence of a GB stone, the radiologically measured maximum diameter of the polyp by US and CT scanning, and the measurements of diameter from postoperative pathology were recorded for comparative analysis. RESULTS： Fifteen of the 41 cases with cholesterol polyps （36.6%） were detected with US but not CT scanning, whereas all 18 non-cholesterol polyps were observed using both methods. In the cholesterol polyp group, the maximum measured diameter of the polyp was smaller by CT scan than by US.Consequently, the discrepancy between those two scanning measurements was greater than for the non- cholesterol polyp group. CONCLUSION： The clinical signs indicative of a cholesterol polyp include： （1） a polyp observed by US but not observable by CT scanning, （2） a smaller diameter on the CT scan compared to US, and （3） a discrepancy in its maximum diameter between US and CT measurements. In addition, US and the CT scan had low accuracy in predicting the polyp diameter compared to that determined by postoperative pathology.展开更多
Dear Editor,During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pan-demic era,many individuals were naturally infected with or vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),resulting in the p...Dear Editor,During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pan-demic era,many individuals were naturally infected with or vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),resulting in the presence of cytotoxic CD8^(+)T cells(CTLs)specific to SARS-CoV-2 antigens,including the spike protein[1,2].展开更多
Tin(Sn^(2+))-based halide perovskites have been developed as the most prom-ising alternatives to their toxic Pb-based counterparts in optoelectronic devices.However,the facile tin vacancy formation and easy oxidizatio...Tin(Sn^(2+))-based halide perovskites have been developed as the most prom-ising alternatives to their toxic Pb-based counterparts in optoelectronic devices.However,the facile tin vacancy formation and easy oxidization characteristics make Sn^(2+)-based perovskites highly p-doped with excessive hole concentrations,which significantly hinder their applications.Herein,we demonstrate a potent hole inhibitor of antimony fluoride(SbF_(3)),which possesses a higher hole-suppression capability than conventional tin fluo-ride(SnF_(2)).A small amount of SbF_(3) allows a wide range of hole-density modulation with no or less SnF_(2) addition,thus mitigating the negative effects of using only SnF_(2).A SnF_(2)/SbF_(3) co-additive approach was further developed to achieve high-performance Sn 2+perovskite thin-film transis-tors operated in the enhancement mode with a five-fold enhancement of the field-effect mobility and improved operational stability compared to using only SnF_(2).We expect that the SbF 3 hole suppressor and co-additive approach can provide opportunities for the development of high-efficiency Sn^(2+)-perovskite optoelectronic devices.展开更多
基金Supported by IN-SUNG Foundation for medical research
文摘AIM： To determine the clinical data that might be useful for differentiating benign from malignant gallbladder （GB） polyps by comparing radiological methods, including abdominal ultrasonography （US） and computed tomography （CT） scanning, with postoperative pathology findings. METHODS： Fifty-nine patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for a GB polyp of around 10 ram. They were divided into two groups, one with cholesterol polyps and the other with non-cholesterol polyps. Clinical features such as gender, age, symptoms, size and number of polyps, the presence of a GB stone, the radiologically measured maximum diameter of the polyp by US and CT scanning, and the measurements of diameter from postoperative pathology were recorded for comparative analysis. RESULTS： Fifteen of the 41 cases with cholesterol polyps （36.6%） were detected with US but not CT scanning, whereas all 18 non-cholesterol polyps were observed using both methods. In the cholesterol polyp group, the maximum measured diameter of the polyp was smaller by CT scan than by US.Consequently, the discrepancy between those two scanning measurements was greater than for the non- cholesterol polyp group. CONCLUSION： The clinical signs indicative of a cholesterol polyp include： （1） a polyp observed by US but not observable by CT scanning, （2） a smaller diameter on the CT scan compared to US, and （3） a discrepancy in its maximum diameter between US and CT measurements. In addition, US and the CT scan had low accuracy in predicting the polyp diameter compared to that determined by postoperative pathology.
基金This work was supported by the Samsung Future Technol-ogy Center(SRFCMA1802-09)the Korea Health Technology R&D Project(HR22C173402)through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare.
文摘Dear Editor,During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pan-demic era,many individuals were naturally infected with or vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),resulting in the presence of cytotoxic CD8^(+)T cells(CTLs)specific to SARS-CoV-2 antigens,including the spike protein[1,2].
基金This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation,funded by the Korean government(NRF-2021R1A2C3005401,2020M3F3A2A01085792,2020R1A4A1019455,2020M3D1A 1110548)Samsung Display Corporation.
文摘Tin(Sn^(2+))-based halide perovskites have been developed as the most prom-ising alternatives to their toxic Pb-based counterparts in optoelectronic devices.However,the facile tin vacancy formation and easy oxidization characteristics make Sn^(2+)-based perovskites highly p-doped with excessive hole concentrations,which significantly hinder their applications.Herein,we demonstrate a potent hole inhibitor of antimony fluoride(SbF_(3)),which possesses a higher hole-suppression capability than conventional tin fluo-ride(SnF_(2)).A small amount of SbF_(3) allows a wide range of hole-density modulation with no or less SnF_(2) addition,thus mitigating the negative effects of using only SnF_(2).A SnF_(2)/SbF_(3) co-additive approach was further developed to achieve high-performance Sn 2+perovskite thin-film transis-tors operated in the enhancement mode with a five-fold enhancement of the field-effect mobility and improved operational stability compared to using only SnF_(2).We expect that the SbF 3 hole suppressor and co-additive approach can provide opportunities for the development of high-efficiency Sn^(2+)-perovskite optoelectronic devices.
