Objective To observe the effect of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) exposure on cerebral micro vascular permeability in rats. Methods The whole-body of male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed or sham exposed to 200 pulses or...Objective To observe the effect of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) exposure on cerebral micro vascular permeability in rats. Methods The whole-body of male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed or sham exposed to 200 pulses or 400 pulses (1 Hz) of EMP at 200 kV/m. At 0.5, 1, 3, 6, and 12 h after EMP exposure, the permeability of cerebral micro vascular was detected by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry using lanthanum nitrate and endogenous albumin as vascular tracers, respectively. Results The lanthanum nitrate tracer was limited to the micro vascular lumen with no lanthanum nitrate or albumin tracer extravasation in control rat brain. After EMP exposure, the lanthanum nitrate ions reached the tight junction, basal lamina and pericapillary tissue. Similarly, the albumin immunopositive staining was identified in pericapillary tissue. The changes in brain micro vascular permeability were transient, the leakage of micro vascular vessels appeared at 1 h, and reached its peak at 3 h, and nearly recovered at 12 h, after EMP exposure. In addition, the leakage of micro vascular was more obvious after exposure of EMP at 400 pulses than after exposure of EMP at 200 pulses. Conclusion Exposure to 200 and 400 pulses (1 Hz) of EMP at 200 kV/m can increase cerebral micro vascular permeability in rats, which is recoverable.展开更多
In order to enhance the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of a subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS) used in treating domestic sewage, the intermittent operation mode was employed in the SWIS. The results sh...In order to enhance the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of a subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS) used in treating domestic sewage, the intermittent operation mode was employed in the SWIS. The results show that the intermittent operation mode contributes to the improvement of the HLR and the pollutant removal rate. When the wetting-drying ratio (RwD) was 1.0, the pollutant removal rate increased by (13.6 ± 0.3)% for NH3-N, (20.7 ± 1.1)% for TN, (18.6± 0.4)% for TP, (12.2 ± 0.5)% for BOD, (10.1 ± 0.3)% for COD, and (36.2 ± 1.2)% for SS, compared with pollutant removal rates under the continuous operation mode. The pollutant removal rate declined with the increase of the HLR. The effluent quality met The Reuse of Urban Recycling Water - Water Quality Standard for Scenic Environment Use (GB/T 18921-2002) even when the HLR was as high as 10 cm/d. Hydraulic conductivity, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), the quantity of nitrifying bacteria, and the pollutant removal rate of NH3-N increased with the decrease of the RWD. For the pollutant removal rates of TP, BOD, and COD, there were no significant difference (p 〈 0.05) under different RwDS. The suggested RWD was 1.0. Relative contribution of the pretreatment and SWlS to the pollutant removal was examined, and more than 80% removal of NH3-N, TN, TP, COD, and BOD occurred in the SWIS.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30670492)Foundation for Authors of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (200465)National 863 Project (No. 2006 AA02Z4C3)
文摘Objective To observe the effect of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) exposure on cerebral micro vascular permeability in rats. Methods The whole-body of male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed or sham exposed to 200 pulses or 400 pulses (1 Hz) of EMP at 200 kV/m. At 0.5, 1, 3, 6, and 12 h after EMP exposure, the permeability of cerebral micro vascular was detected by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry using lanthanum nitrate and endogenous albumin as vascular tracers, respectively. Results The lanthanum nitrate tracer was limited to the micro vascular lumen with no lanthanum nitrate or albumin tracer extravasation in control rat brain. After EMP exposure, the lanthanum nitrate ions reached the tight junction, basal lamina and pericapillary tissue. Similarly, the albumin immunopositive staining was identified in pericapillary tissue. The changes in brain micro vascular permeability were transient, the leakage of micro vascular vessels appeared at 1 h, and reached its peak at 3 h, and nearly recovered at 12 h, after EMP exposure. In addition, the leakage of micro vascular was more obvious after exposure of EMP at 400 pulses than after exposure of EMP at 200 pulses. Conclusion Exposure to 200 and 400 pulses (1 Hz) of EMP at 200 kV/m can increase cerebral micro vascular permeability in rats, which is recoverable.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51108275)the Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in Universities(LNET)(Grant No.LJQ2012101)+2 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities(Grant No.NCET-11-1012)the Science and Technology Program of Liaoning Province(Grants No.2011229002 and2013229012)the Basic Science Research Fund in Northeastern University(Grants No.N130501001 and N140105003)
文摘In order to enhance the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of a subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS) used in treating domestic sewage, the intermittent operation mode was employed in the SWIS. The results show that the intermittent operation mode contributes to the improvement of the HLR and the pollutant removal rate. When the wetting-drying ratio (RwD) was 1.0, the pollutant removal rate increased by (13.6 ± 0.3)% for NH3-N, (20.7 ± 1.1)% for TN, (18.6± 0.4)% for TP, (12.2 ± 0.5)% for BOD, (10.1 ± 0.3)% for COD, and (36.2 ± 1.2)% for SS, compared with pollutant removal rates under the continuous operation mode. The pollutant removal rate declined with the increase of the HLR. The effluent quality met The Reuse of Urban Recycling Water - Water Quality Standard for Scenic Environment Use (GB/T 18921-2002) even when the HLR was as high as 10 cm/d. Hydraulic conductivity, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), the quantity of nitrifying bacteria, and the pollutant removal rate of NH3-N increased with the decrease of the RWD. For the pollutant removal rates of TP, BOD, and COD, there were no significant difference (p 〈 0.05) under different RwDS. The suggested RWD was 1.0. Relative contribution of the pretreatment and SWlS to the pollutant removal was examined, and more than 80% removal of NH3-N, TN, TP, COD, and BOD occurred in the SWIS.