Left epigastric isolated tumor fed by the inferior phrenic artery diagnosed as ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most frequent cancers and the main cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Ectopic HCC,an extremely rare type of HCC,exhibits a wide range of clinical signs and radiographic features,making preoperative identification challenging.CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old man underwent routine abdominal color ultrasonography,which identified an asymptomatic tumor in the left upper abdomen.The patient had no history of hepatitis,did not drink alcohol,and had no family history of cancer.Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)revealed a heterogeneously enhanced lesion between the spleen and stomach that had invaded the diaphragm,with blood supplied by the left inferior phrenic artery.The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery,and HCC was identified by postoperative pathology.Additionally,specific immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the molecular biological characteristics of the HCC.The patient underwent two rounds of hepatic arterial interventional chemotherapy after surgery.Abdominal plain and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and lung CT 3 mo postoperatively revealed no signs of local recurrence or distant metastasis.CONCLUSION This asymptomatic ectopic HCC case described achieved an excellent result due to early detection,radical resection,and systematic surveillance.

Extract of Cycas revoluta Thunb. enhances the inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil on gastric cancer cells through the AKT-mTOR pathway

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the most common and deadly malignancies worldwide.Despite recent medical progress, the 5-year survival rate of gastric cancer is still unsatisfactory. 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu) is one of the first-line antineoplastic treatments for gastric cancer, as it can effectively induce cancer cell apoptosis.However, the effect of 5-Fu is limited due to drug resistance of the malignant tumor. Previous studies have reported that Sotetsuflavone from Cycas revoluta Thunb. can markedly suppress lung cancer cell proliferation by apoptosis,though its effect on gastric cancer remains unknown.AIM To investigate the inhibitory effect of Cycas revoluta Thunb. and to determine whether it can overcome gastric cancer cell drug resistance to 5-Fu.METHODS Cell viability was examined to determine whether the natural extract of Cycas revoluta Thunb. induced gastric cancer cell death. The half-maximal effective concentration and the half-maximal lethal concentration were calculatede.Wound-healing and transwell assays were performed to examine gastric cancer cell motility. Clonogenic assays were performed to investigate the synergistic effects of Cycas revoluta Thunb. with 5-Fu, and apoptotic bodies were detected by Hoechst staining. Western blotting was performed to examine the expression of related proteins and to investigate the molecular mechanism of Cycas revoluta Thunb.-induced cancer cell apoptosis. The expressions of proteins, including mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) and p-AKT, were detected in different combinations of treatments for 48 h, then analyzed by ECL detection.RESULTS Gastric cancer cells were more sensitive to the natural extract of Cycas revoluta Thunb. compared to normal gastric epithelial cells, and the extract effectively inhibited gastric cancer cell migration and invasion. The extract improved the anti-cancer effect of 5-Fu by enhancing the chemosensitization of gastric cancer cells. Extract plus 5-Fu further reduced the expression of the drug-resistancerelated proteins p-AKT and mTOR after 48 h compared to 5-Fu alone. Compared to 5-Fu treatment alone, mTOR and p-AKT expression was significantly reduced by about 50% and 75%, respectively. We also found that the natural extract of Cycas revoluta Thunb. further increased 5-Fu-induced gastric cancer cell apoptosis. Expression of apoptosis-related protein X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and apoptosis inducing factor were significantly reduced and increased,respectively, in the 5-Fu-resistant gastric cancer line SGC-7901/R treated with extract plus 5-Fu, while the expression of survivin did not change.CONCLUSION The natural extract of Cycas revoluta Thunb. effectively inhibited gastric cancer cell growth and enhanced the anti-cancer effect of 5-Fu through the AKT-mTOR pathway.

Mechanism of Xingshen Zhiyi prescription in the treatment of enuresis based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Xingshen Zhiyi Recipe(XSZYF)in the treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis(NE)based on network pharmacology.Methods:TCMSP,DrugBank databases,PubMed and CNKI were used to obtain the active ingredients and corresponding targets of XSZYF.NE targets were obtained from GeneCard and OMIM databases.Cytoscape software was used to construct a drug-disease-target network model.The analysis was performed.The protein interaction network(PPI)was constructed using the STRING database.The gene ontology functional annotation(GO)and the Tokyo Genomic Encyclopedia(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis were performed on key targets using the DAVID online tool.Surflex docking software was used for the analysis.Docking of key active ingredients and key targets to verify the results of network analysis.Results:199 gene targets of XSZYF were obtained,and 2486 gene targets of NE.Network analysis results showed that the key targets of XSZYF for treating NE include CHRM3,CHRM2,ADRB3,etc.Involved in regulating neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions,calcium signaling pathways,etc.Conclusion:This study revealed the material basis and action mechanism of XSZYF in treating NE from the perspective of network pharmacology.

Hydrogen-induced delayed fracture of Cu-containing high-strength bolt steel

The hydrogen-induced delayed fracture(HIDF)behavior of a 1300-MPa-grade high-strength bolt steel 42CrMoV containing 0.42 wt.%Cu was investigated by constant load tensile test in a pH 3.5 Walpole solution.It is shown that the addition of Cu is beneficial to enhance the HIDF resistance by~13%.The observation of the fracture surface revealed that the area fraction of brittle crack initiation zone decreased remarkably for the Cu-added steel.Both the corrosion pit depth and the corrosion rate of the Cu-added steel in the Walpole solution are notably decreased,which is primarily because of the formation of a Cu-rich protective compact rust layer and slightly higher corrosion potential.As a result,the absorbed hydrogen content in that solution was also decreased by~21%.It is concluded that the improvement in the HIDF resistance of the tested steel is primarily due to the increase in corrosion resistance and resultant decrease in the absorbed diffusible hydrogen content in the acidic condition.

Mechanical properties of a microalloyed bainitic steel after hot forging and tempering

Mechanical properties of a newly developed microalloyed bainitic steel were investigated after the hot forging, air cooling and tempering process. The microstructure of the as forged bainitic steel mainly consists of granular bainite and -20 vol. % martensite. The fraction of retained austenite remains unchanged until tempering at 200 ℃, above which it decreases significantly. The increase of tempering temperature leads to decreases of both ultimate tensile strength and total elongation but decreases of both yield strength and reduction of area. The maximum and mini- mum values of impact toughness were observed after tempering at around 200 and 400 ℃, respectively. These effects are mainly attributed to the decomposition of martensite/austenite con stituents and the tempering effects in martensite. The tempering of the forged bainitic steel at around 200 ℃ results in an excellent combination of strength and toughness, which is comparable to that of the conventional quenched and-tempered 40Cr steel. Therefore, low-tempering treatment coupled with post-forging residual stress relieving is a feasible method to further improve the mechanical prooerties of the bainitic foging steel.

Hydrogen embrittlement of a microalloyed bainitic forging steel

The hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of a novel microalloyed bainitic forging steel with a strength level of 1100 MPa was evaluated using electrochemical charging and slow strain rate tensile test method with notched round bar specimens. The results show that the susceptibility to HE of the as-forged bainitic forging steel is notably higher than that of the quenched and tempered (Q&T) steel at same strength level, which is ascribed primarily to the presence of a relatively high amount of large blocky martensite/austenite (M/A) constituents of the former. It was found that low-temperature tempering treatment at 200 C could significantly alleviate the susceptibility to HE by a relative decrease of * 35% of the as-forged bainitic forging steel at no expense of strength and ductility, though its resistance to HE is still a little lower than that of the Q&T steel. Thus, it is suggested that efforts concerning refining of the large blocky M/A through optimizing chemical composition and processing route could help to further alleviate the susceptibility to HE of the tested bainitic forging steel.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled V-microalloyed Al-containing medium-Mn steel

The microstructure and mechanical properties of a V-microalloyed Al-containing medium-Mn steel after hot rolling and intercritical annealing(IA)are explored.The tested steel exhibits a fne multiphase microstructure consisting of bimodal sizes of ferrite and retained austenite plus considerable amount of fne VC and/or M3C precipitates.Physical-chemical phase analysis shows that about 71.0%of the total V is in VC phase and more than 93%of VC particles is less than 5 nm.The calculated precipitation strengthening values of VC are^347 and^234 MPa for the specimens intercritically annealed at 625 and 750℃,respectively.An excellent combination of strength and ductility as high as^50 GPa%and yield strength(YS)of 890 MPa was obtained at intercritical temperature(TIA)of 725℃,although it does not correspond to the maximum precipitation strengthening of VC phase.Therefore,it is suggested that an optimization of TIA corresponding to both excellent combination of strength and ductility and high YS should be further explored through chemical composition and IA process optimization.

Thermal stability of retained austenite and mechanical properties of medium-Mn steel during tempering treatment

The thermal stability of retained austenite（RA）and the mechanical properties of the quenched and intercritical annealed 0.1C-5Mn steel with the starting ultrafine lamellar duplex structure of ferrite and retained austenite during tempering within the range from 200 to 500°C were studied by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）and tensile testing.The results showed that there was a slight decrease in the RA volume fraction with increasing tempering temperature up to 400°C.This caused a slight increase in the ultimate tensile strength（UTS）and a slight decrease in the total elongation（TE）;thus,the product of UTS to TE（UTS×TE）as high as 31GPa·% was obtained and remained nearly unchanged.However,aportion of the RA began to decompose when tempered at 500°C and thus caused a^35% decrease of the RA fraction and a^16%decrease of the value of UTS×TE.It is concluded that the ultrafine lamellar duplex structure is rather stable and the excellent combination of strength and ductility could be retained with tempering temperature up to 400°C.Thus,thermal processes such as galvanization are feasible for the tested steel provided that their temperatures are not higher than 400°C.

Influence of Vanadium on Fracture Splitting Property of Medium Carbon Steel

The fracture splitting property of medium carbon steel 37MnSiS microalloyed with V up to 0. 45% was investigated by using simulated fracture splitting test,for the development of new crackable medium carbon steel to manufacture high performance connecting rod. Conventional high carbon steel C70S6 was used for comparison. The results show that the volume fraction of both ferrite and V-rich M（ C,N） particles increases,and the pearlite interlamellar spacing decreases with increasing V content,which in turn results in gradual increase of strength and decrease of ductility and impact energy. The fracture splitting property of the tested steel could be improved significantly due to the increase of V content mainly through the precipitation hardening mechanism of fine M（ C,N） precipitates. The fraction of brittle cleavage fracture in the crack initiation area increases noticeably with increasing V content and full brittle cleavage fracture surface could be obtained when V content was increased to 0. 45%. It is concluded that medium carbon steel with V content higher than about 0. 28% possesses not only comparable or even higher mechanical properties with those of conventional steel C70S6,but also excellent fracture splitting property,and therefore,is more suitable to fabricate high performance fracture splitting connecting rod.

Hot Deformation Behavior of Vanadium-microalloyed Medium-carbon Steel for Fracture Splitting Connecting Rod

Single compression tests were carried out with a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator to investigate hot deform- ation behavior of two vanadium-microalloyed medium-carbon steels for fracture splitting connecting rod. The tests were performed to a total true strain of 0.92 at true strain rates ranging from 10-2 to 10 s-1 and deformation temper- ature of 900--1 150 ℃, The results show that hot deformation behavior of the tested steels is similar to that of con- ventional medium-carbon microalloyed steels and dynamic recrystallization is easier to occur at higher deformation temperature and lower strain rate. The austenite deformation resistance and activation energy of deformation increase with increasing vanadium content from 0.15% to 0. 28% and thus the starting time of dynamic recrystallization was delayed. Finer recrystallized austenite grain could he obtained at higher strain rate, lower deformation temperature and higher vanadium content. TEM observation of the specimens quenched just before and after deformation reveals that vanadium is mainly in dissolved solute condition in austenite and thus affects the dynamic recrystallization behavior of the tested steels mainly through solute-drag effect.

Effect of vanadium on dynamic continuous cooling transformation behavior of medium-carbon forging steels

Dynamic continuous cooling transformation （CCT） behavior of medium-carbon forging steels microalloyed with different V contents up to 0.29% was investigated by means of dilatometric measurement, microstructural observation and hardness measurement. The re- sults showed that the dynamic CCT diagrams were similar and the main difference was that the fields of the transformation products were shifted to the right side of the diagrams with the increase of V content, and this effect was more noticeable with an addition of 0. 290/00 V. The At1 and At3 temperatures showed increasing trends with increasing V content, while the critical cooling rates decreased with increasing V content. The increase of V content re- sulted in significant increase of hardness and this tendency was enhanced with increasing cooling rate until the formation of acicular ferrite （AF）. A promising approach of remark- ably improving the toughness of ferritic-pearlitic medium-carbon forging steels with suit- able V addition and the introduction of AF without notable penalty on its strength level was suggested.