Mechanical properties and fracture toughness of rail steels and thermite welds at low temperature

Brittle fracture occurs frequently in rails and thermite welded joints, which intimidates the security and reliability of railway ser- vice. Railways in cold regions, such as Qinghai-Tibet Railway, make the problem of brittle fi＇acture in rails even worse. A series of tests such as uniaxial tensile tests, Charpy impact tests, and three-point bending tests were carried out at low temperature to investigate the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of U71Mn and U75V rail steels and their thermite welds. Fracture micromechanisms were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） on the fracture surfaces of the tested specimens. The ductility indices （percentage elongation aider frac- ture and percentage reduction of area） and the toughness indices （Charpy impact energy Ak and plane-strain fracture toughness Kic） of the two kinds of rail steels and the corresponding thermite welds all decrease as the temperature decreases. The thermite welds are more critical to fracture than the rail steel base metals, as indicated by a higher yield-to-ultimate ratio and a much lower Charpy impact energy. U71Mn rail steel is relatively higher in toughness than U75V, as demonstrated by larger Ak and Klc values. Therefore, U71Mn rail steel and the corresponding thermite weld are recommended in railway construction and maintenance in cold regions.

钢框架梁柱节点在强震作用下的损伤性能研究（英文）

目的:钢框架焊接梁柱节点在地震作用下往往容易产生脆性裂纹,裂纹的发展和损伤累积将导致节点延性降低,发生脆性断裂。本文旨在探究节点在地震往复荷载作用下的损伤性能,分析其主要影响因素,提出有效的损伤评估模型,为后续节点损伤数值模拟提供基础,为钢框架的抗震设计提供参考。创新点:1.通过足尺节点试验,分析加载幅值、加载历程和荷载峰值对节点损伤性能的影响;2.基于试验结果,标定并验证3种经验损伤演化模型,提出基于疲劳断裂力学的节点损伤评估模型。方法:1.通过对9个足尺梁柱节点试件开展往复加载试验,包括5种变幅加载制度及4种常幅加载制度,分析加载幅值、加载历程和荷载峰值对节点损伤性能的影响;2.基于试验结果,根据节点损伤特点,在能量模型基础上,推导并拟合适用于节点循环加载的双参数损伤演化方程,并与其他模型进行比较,以验证其准确性;3.结合疲劳和延性断裂理论,依据损伤机理,定义"有效塑性应变"量化损伤过程,并以疲劳裂纹发展公式为基础,推导适用于计算在极低周循环荷载下节点损伤过程的损伤演化方程。结论:1.加载跨幅对节点性能影响较小;加载历程的影响与历程中峰值位移循环次数密切相关;突发性的强峰值对节点造成的损伤最大。2.节点损伤过程为幂函数形式;通过比较表明,在能量模型基础上推导出的适用于节点循环加载的双参数损伤演化方程,相对于单参数线性模型,能够更准确模拟节点在极低周循环下的损伤过程。3.基于疲劳断裂力学理论的损伤演化方程物理意义明确,能够描述节点循环损伤试验中所表现出的加速损伤及"损伤拐点"特征。

圆形纤维增强塑料缠绕混凝土柱在持续轴向压缩下的面向设计的模型分析（英文）

目的:在实际工程服役过程中,纤维增强塑料(FRP)约束混凝土柱在遭遇极限荷载前往往已经经历了长时间的轴压荷载作用。因此,相比其短期力学性能,本文旨在研究FPR约束混凝土柱在长期荷载作用后的力学性能。创新点:1.考虑长期轴压荷载作用,提出一种轴压作用下圆形截面FRP约束混凝土柱的长期变形分析模型;2.提出了长期轴压作用后的FRP约束混凝土本构模型,从本构关系的角度描述两个方面的影响机理。方法:运用混凝土和FRP徐变的长期变形分析迭代计算方法(图3)。结论:1.提出的长期变形分析模型实现了对FRP约束混凝土柱任意目标时刻的应力和应变状态的高效、准确预测;2.将提出的本构模型嵌入有限元软件中,有效地实现对长期轴压作用的考虑;3.基于Open Sees有限元软件,验证了长期变形分析模型和本构模型的有效性和准确性。