Thermosphere joint observations by TM-1 constellations and Swarm-B during the April 2023 geomagnetic storm

The response of thermosphere density to geomagnetic storms is a complicated physical process.Multi-satellite joint observations at the same altitude but different local times(LTs)are important for understanding this process;however,until now such studies have hardly been done.In this report,we analyze in detail the thermosphere mass density response at 510 km during the April 23−24,2023 geomagnetic storm using data derived from the TM-1(TianMu-1)satellite constellation and Swarm-B satellites.The observations show that there were significant LT differences in the hemispheric asymmetry of the thermosphere mass density during the geomagnetic storm.Densities observed by satellite TM02 at nearly 11.3 and 23.3 LTs were larger in the northern hemisphere than in the southern.The TM04 dayside density observations appear to be almost symmetrical with respect to the equator,though southern hemisphere densities on the nightside were higher.Swarm-B data exhibit near-symmetry between the hemispheres.In addition,the mass density ratio results show that TM04 nightside observations,TM02 data,and Swarm-B data all clearly show stronger effects in the southern hemisphere,except for TM04 on the dayside,which suggest hemispheric near-symmetry.The South-North density enhancement differences in TM02 and TM04 on dayside can reach 130%,and Swarm-B data even achieve 180%difference.From the observations of all three satellites,large-scale traveling atmospheric disturbances(TADs)first appear at high latitudes and propagate to low latitudes,thereby disturbing the atmosphere above the equator and even into the opposite hemisphere.NRLMSISE00 model simulations were also performed on this geomagnetic storm.TADs are absent in the NRLMSISE00 simulations.The satellite data suggest that NRLMSISE00 significantly underestimates the magnitude of the density response of the thermosphere during geomagnetic storms,especially at high latitudes in both hemispheres.Therefore,use of the density simulation of NRLMSISE00 may lead to large errors in satellite drag calculations and orbit predictions.We suggest that the high temporal and spatial resolution of direct density observations by the TM-1 constellation satellites can provide an autonomous and reliable basis for correction and improvement of atmospheric models.

Reannotation of the cultivated strawberry genome and establishment of a strawberry genome database

Cultivated strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)is an important fruit crop species whose fruits are enjoyed by many worldwide.An octoploid of hybrid origin,the complex genome of this species was recently sequenced,serving as a key reference genome for cultivated strawberry and related species of the Rosaceae family.The current annotation of the F.ananassa genome mainly relies on ab initio predictions and,to a lesser extent,transcriptome data.Here,we present the structure and functional reannotation of the F.ananassa genome based on one PacBio full-length RNA library and ninety-two Illumina RNA-Seq libraries.This improved annotation of the F.ananassa genome,v1.0.a2,comprises a total of 108,447 gene models,with 97.85%complete BUSCOs.The models of 19,174 genes were modified,360 new genes were identified,and 11,044 genes were found to have alternatively spliced isoforms.Additionally,we constructed a strawberry genome database(SGD)for strawberry gene homolog searching and annotation downloading.Finally,the transcriptome of the receptacles and achenes of F.ananassa at four developmental stages were reanalyzed and qualified,and the expression profiles of all the genes in this annotation are also provided.Together,this study provides an updated annotation of the F.ananassa genome,which will facilitate genomic analyses across the Rosaceae family and gene functional studies in cultivated strawberry.

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Eyelid: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Purpose: To report the clinical features, therapeutic method, and histopathological findings of a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the lower eyelid and review the literature about the mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising from the eye.Methods: Case report and review of the literature.Results: An 88-year-old man developed a painless, indurated nodule in the left lower eyelid for two years and ulceration of the skin existed for a year. He underwent tumor resection and reconstruction of the eyelid. By histopathology, tumor cells showed an admixture of epidermoid and mucus-secreting cells, which was consistent with mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a common malignant tumor of the salivary glands, but rare in the eye tissues among which conjunctiva and lacrimal gland are most commonly involved. It has a higher degree of malignancy than basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. It displays an unusual capacity of aggressive local invasion and recurs easily after simple excision and tumors may require enucleation or exenteration because of the involvement of the intraocular structures and/or orbit.Frequent follow-up is necessary for the patient after operation.Conclusions: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising from the eye is rare and has a high degree of malignancy. It should be differentiated from other neoplasms such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

Keratinocyte Growth Factor-2 on the Proliferation of Corneal Epithelial Stem Cells in Rabbit Alkali Burned Cornea

Purpose: To determine whether the topical application of keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) can enhance corneal epithelial healing in rabbit alkali burned cornea. In addition, the distribution and proliferation of corneal epithelial stem cells in KGF-2-treated and control corneas were investigated to explain their mechanisms of effects on the epithelium. Methods: Twenty-four New Zealand eyes were divided into four groups, treated with KGF-2 solution (1, 50, 100 μg/ml) and PBS solution. Eighth millimeter filter paper discs, produced by standard paper punch, were soaked for 15 sec in 0.5N NaOH solution. The alkali-soaked discs were applied to the central cornea, centered on the pupil and held gently in position with forceps for 1 min. The cornea was finally irrigated over 1 min with 100 ml balanced salt solution (BSS). Keratinocyte growth factor-2 was then applied topically three times a day. The phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group was served as a control. Each corneal epithelial defect was subsequently photographed every 24 hours with a slit lamp and was measured by computer-assisted digitizer. In each group, two rabbits were sacrificed for light microscopic examination after the interval of 7, 14 and 21 days. Meanwhile, the cornea epithelium was examined by immunohistochemistry for P63, AE5, EGFR. Results: Topical application of 10 μg/ml to 100 μg/ml KGF-2 significantly accelerated corneal epithelial wound healing when compared with controls. After 24 hours, epithelial healing rate of the 100 μg/ml KGF-2 group and the PBS treated group was (74±6)% and (40±8)% (P < 0.05). After 48 hours, the rate of the C group was (94±6)%, whereas in the control group it was (73±12)% (P < 0.05). Epithelial defects were often recurrent, which happened only two times in the 100 μg/ml KGF-2-treated group, but many times in the control group. In the corneal epithelial stem cell analysis, the number of the P63 positive cells was higher in the KGF-2-treated corneal epithelium than in the controls. The P63 positive cells in the alkali burned epithelium were found not only in the limbal area but also in the central cornea. In addition, the number of stem cells in each group came to the maximum on the 14th day. For example, on the 7th day after alkali injury, it was 40.3±2.1 NPC in the non-limbal area of 50 μg/ml KGF-2-treated group; whereas, it was 84.8±2.7 NPC on the 14th day(P = 0.000). Conclusions: From the daily evaluation of the corneal surface as well as the microscopic examinations at the end of the three periods of observation, we concluded that KGF-2 provided a beneficial effect in the treatment of alkali burns of the cornea. Furthermore, the results of epithelial stem cell analysis demonstrated that KGF-2 accelerated the corneal epithelial healing by markedly stimulating epithelial stem cells proliferation and making them migrate to the central cornea.

Effects of Drought Stress on Key Enzymes of Carbon Metabolism, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Agronomic Traits of Soybean at the Flowering Stage under Different Soil Substrates

Soybean is an important legume food crop,and its seeds are rich in nutrients,providing humans and animals with edible oil and protein feed.However,soybean is sensitive to water requirements,and drought is an important factor limiting soybean yield and quality.This study used Heinong 84(drought resistant variety)and Hefeng 46(intermediate variety)as tested varieties planted in chernozem,albic,and black soils.The effects of drought stress on the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism and photosynthetic characteristics of soybean were studied during the flowering stage,most sensitive to water.(1)The activities of SS-1,6PGDH,and G6PDH enzymes in soybean leaves first increased and then decreased under drought stress.The enzyme activity was the highest under moderate drought stress and weakest in the blank group.(2)Drought stress increased Phi2,PhiNO,and Fm in soybean leaves and reached the highest value under severe drought;with the increase in drought stress,PhiNPQ and Fv/Fm of soybean leaves gradually decreased,reaching the lowest under severe drought.(3)With the increase in drought stress,F0 and Fs of soybean leaves showed a single peak curve,and the maximum was at moderate drought.(4)Correlation analysis showed that F0 was greatly affected by varieties and soil types;Fs,F0,and Fm soil varieties had a great influence,and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were affected differently under drought stress with different drought degrees.(5)Drought stress changed the agronomic traits and yield of soybean.With the increase of drought degree,plant height,node number of main stem,effective pod number,100-seed weight and total yield decreased continuously.(6)Drought stress affected the dry matter accumulation of soybean.With the increase of drought degree,the dry matter accumulation gradually decreased.Among them,the leaf was most seriously affected by drought,and SD decreased by about 55%compared with CK.Under the condition of black soil,the dry matter accumulation of soybean was least affected by drought.

Comparison of Hematoxylin-eosin Staining and Methyl Violet Staining for Displaying Ghost Cells

Purpose:.To compare the merits and limitations of hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and methyl violet staining for displaying ghost cells from vitreous or aqueous humor.Methods:.A specimen containing ghost cells was adjusted to five different concentrations:(12×104,.10×104,.8×104, 6×104and 4×104cells / ml) and subjected to smearing and methyl violet and HE staining..The staining results were observed by light microscopy.Results: The ghost cells were readily observed at a cell density of > 8×104cells / ml with methyl violet staining,.but only a few cells were occasionally seen at lower cell densities..In contrast,.ghost cells were seen at all cell densities with HE staining.Conclusion: Methyl violet staining is more rapid and simpler for the identification of ghost cells, but its staining color more readily fades, the slides cannot be stored, and it is only effective at a cell density of > 8 ×104cells / ml. In contrast,.HE staining is more time-consuming but it can display cell morphology and distinguish cell components more explicitly and slides can be permanently stored. HE staining has advantages over methyl violet staining in detecting the ghost cells when the concentration is < 8×104cells / ml.

Strengthening the Role of Ocular Pathology in Clinical Thinking Training Targeting for House Staff

Ocular pathology serves as one vital branch subject of histopathology, and also as a basic ocular science analysing the pathogenesis of eye disease,the regular pattern of disease progress,and ocular morphology,tissue metabolism and functional changes noted during the onset of ocular diseases.The underlying purpose lies in revealing and investigating the mechanism of such diseases and the nature of lesions,providing essential theoretical evidence to diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases.ocular pathology acts as a bridge connecting basic and clinical medical science1.Clinical ophthalmologists,especially junior house staff,should attach importance to ocular pathology,understand,be familiar with,and master basic knowledge in ocular pathological subject to cultivate sound clinical thinking and analytical ability and to improve comprehensive diagnosis and treatment efficacy in clinical setting.

Establishment of Retinoblastoma Model in NOD-SCID Mice and Study of Metastasis

Purpose: To establish model of retinoblastoma subcutaneously in NOD-SCID mice and study rules of formation and distribution of retinoblastoma metastasis.Methods: Retinoblastoma cells SO-RB50 were inoculated subcutaneously in NOD-SCID mice. Animal acts and tumor formation, growth and metastasis in NOD-SCID mice were observed. Primary and metastatic tumors were studied pathohistologically by HE and immunohistochemical staining.Results: The latent periods of tumor growth were 12～19 days and the taken rate of tumor was 100%. 32 days later, 5 NOD-SCID mice were found with tumors that had metastasized to areas mainly located in the abdominal cavity and the side of the kidney; the metastatic time of tumors in the mice also differed. The tumor cells of the primary nodules and the metastasis were similar with human retinoblastoma cells and positive in immunohistochemical staining of NSE.Conclusion: The subcutaneous model of retinoblastoma in NOD-SCID mice showed a high taken rate and a short latent period of tumor, which had a high metastatic rate and was the best model in research of behaviors of retinoblastoma at present.

Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma Arising on the Site of a Congenital Port Wine Hemangioma

Purpose:Only one previous case of eyelid basal cell carcinoma arising in a facial port wine stain without previous local radiotherapy has been reported.We now report a second case.Methods:A 42-year-old female patient with eyelid basal cell carcinoma developing within a facial port wine stain underwent incisional biopsy,surgical excision and repair.Results:The patient had a mass at the inner canthus of the left eye for two years.She had a left facial congenital port wine hemangioma involving the left eyelid,for which no topical treatment had been given.Clinical examination disclosed a 1.5 ×1.2 cm ulcerated skin mass with irregular borders in the medial canthal region involving the medial aspect of both upper and lower left eyelids.Incisional biopsy revealed basal cell carcinoma.She underwent surgical excision by Mohs'.technique and subsequent reconstructive eyelid surgery.The wound healed well postoperatively.At 2 years of follow up the patient showed no recurrence.Conclusion:Patients with congenital facial port wine stain may develop basal cell carcinoma,and should be regularly monitored.

Detection of Pancytopenia Associated with Clinical Manifestation and Their Final Diagnosis

Background: Pancytopenia is a common hematological parameter detected in Hematology department. It is important to find out the etiology of pancytopenia for the better management of patient. Pancytopenia represents a wide range of age groups and most pancytopenia is purely of bone marrow dysfunction origin. However, other causes such as hypersplenism and SLE are also frequently encountered. Objectives: To differentiate various causes of pancytopenia, to evaluate the hematological parameters in pancytopenic cases, and to analyze clinical manifestations in cases of pancytopenia. Materials and Methods: There were 25 admitted cases of pancytopenia at Affiliated Hospital of Dali University between the calendar year 2013 and 2014. A detail study was done on the basis of age, gender, clinical features, typical laboratory investigations, bone marrow examination, and final diagnosis. Results and Conclusions: Among 25 cases studied, megaloblastic anemia was the common cause of pancytopenia and incidence of megaloblastic anemia was higher in males after 5th decade of life. Pancytopenic cases age was ranging from 15 to 80 years. Fatigue and dizziness were the most common clinical features presented.

Sinus Bradycardia Rare but Expected Complications of Chemo Regimen Involving Dexamethasone: Case Report

Weight gain, Osteoporosis, Glucose intolerance, Hypertension, and Cataract are the common complications associated with Dexamethasone. However, here we report a case of Multiple Myeloma who received chemotherapy involving Dexamethasone. Although this patient has no previous comorbid cardiac condition, he developed Sinus Bradycardia during the latter part of chemo regimen. Ironically Sinus Bradycardia was asymptomatic in these cases. The exact mechanism of how Dexamethasone causes Sinus Bradycardia is yet not properly understood, and some of the possible mechanisms of Dexamethasone causing Sinus Bradycardia have been postulated below.

Toxic Effect of Chemotherapy (Even When Used in Conventional Dose) and Dealing with That Toxicity Effectively: A Case Report

Background: Use of Chemotherapy is a double edged sword apart from destroying malignant cells it also has life threatening complications, so clinician should be ready to counter the complication while also dealing with malignancies. Case Report: We report a case of Invasive Mole who after initiation of first cycle of chemotherapy (5 Fluorouracil and Dactinomycin) developed Gastrointestinal and Myelosuppression related complications. Conclusion: Extreme Knowledge of Clinicians is a must to deal with infections and other potential complications while using chemotherapy.

A simulation-based two-stage interval-stochastic programming model for water resources management in Kaidu-Konqi watershed,China

This study presented a simulation-based two-stage interval-stochastic programming （STIP） model to support water resources management in the Kaidu-Konqi watershed in Northwest China. The modeling system coupled a distributed hydrological model with an interval two-stage stochastic programing （ITSP）. The distributed hydrological model was used for establishing a rainfall-runoff forecast system, while random parameters were pro- vided by the statistical analysis of simulation outcomes water resources management planning in Kaidu-Konqi The developed STIP model was applied to a real case of watershed, where three scenarios with different water re- sources management policies were analyzed. The results indicated that water shortage mainly occurred in agri- culture, ecology and forestry sectors. In comparison, the water demand from municipality, industry and stock- breeding sectors can be satisfied due to their lower consumptions and higher economic values. Different policies for ecological water allocation can result in varied system benefits, and can help to identify desired water allocation plans with a maximum economic benefit and a minimum risk of system disruption under uncertainty.

Updated annotation of the wild strawberry Fragaria vesca V4 genome

The diploid strawberry Fragaria vesca serves as an ideal model plant for cultivated strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa,8x)and the Rosaceae family.The F.vesca genome was initially published in 2011 using older technologies.Recently,a new and greatly improved F.vesca genome,designated V4,was published.However,the number of annotated genes is remarkably reduced in V4(28,588 genes)compared to the prior annotations(32,831 to 33,673 genes).Additionally,the annotation of V4(v4.0.a1)implements a new nomenclature for gene IDs(FvH4_XgXXXXX),rather than the previous nomenclature(geneXXXXX).Hence,further improvement of the V4 genome annotation and assigning gene expression levels under the new gene IDs with existing transcriptome data are necessary to facilitate the utility of this high-quality F.vesca genome V4.Here,we built a new and improved annotation,v4.0.a2,for F.vesca genome V4.The new annotation has a total of 34,007 gene models with 98.1%complete Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs(BUSCOs).In this v4.0.a2 annotation,gene models of 8,342 existing genes are modified,9,029 new genes are added,and 10,176 genes possess alternatively spliced isoforms with an average of 1.90 transcripts per locus.Transcription factors/regulators and protein kinases are globally identified.Interestingly,the transcription factor family FAr-red-impaired Response 1(FAR1)contains 82 genes in v4.0.a2 but only two members in v4.0.a1.Additionally,the expression levels of all genes in the new annotation across a total of 46 different tissues and stages are provided.Finally,miRNAs and their targets are reanalyzed and presented.Altogether,this work provides an updated genome annotation of the F.vesca V4 genome as well as a comprehensive gene expression atlas with the new gene ID nomenclature,which will greatly facilitate gene functional studies in strawberry and other evolutionarily related plant species.

Author Correction:Updated annotation of the wild strawberry Fragaria vesca V4 genome

Since the publication of this article,the authors have noticed that the GeneIDs from new and original genome annotations don’t match in Table S6,the correct Table S6 is given here.The authors would like to apologize for this error.

The optimal distance between two electrode tips during recording of compound nerve action potentials in the rat median nerve

The distance between the two electrode tips can greatly influence the parameters used for record- ing compound nerve action potentials. To investigate the optimal parameters for these recordings in the rat median nerve, we dissociated the nerve using different methods and compound nerve action potentials were orthodromically or antidromically recorded with different electrode spac- ings. Compound nerve action potentials could be consistently recorded using a method in which the middle part of the median nerve was intact, with both ends dissociated from the surrounding fascia and a ground wire inserted into the muscle close to the intact part. When the distance be- tween two stimulating electrode tips was increased, the threshold and supramaximal stimulating intensity of compound nerve action potentials were gradually decreased, but the amplitude was not changed significantly. When the distance between two recording electrode tips was increased, the amplitude was gradually increased, but the threshold and supramaximal stimulating intensity exhibited no significant change. Different distances between recording and stimulating sites did not produce significant effects on the aforementioned parameters. A distance of 5 mm between recording and stimulating electrodes and a distance of 10 mm between recording and stimulating sites were found to be optimal for compound nerve action potential recording in the rat median nerve. In addition, the orthodromic compound action potential, with a biphasic waveform that was more stable and displayed less interference （however also required a higher threshold and higher supramaximal stimulus）, was found to be superior to the antidromic compound action potential.

Uncertainty Quantification for Multivariate Eco-Hydrological Risk in the Xiangxi River within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China

本研究基于copula函数开发了一种多变量生态水文风险评估框架,用于分析三峡库区香溪河流域极端生态水文事件的发生频率。通过马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)方法量化边缘分布及copula函数中参数的不确定性,并基于后验概率揭示联合重现期的内在不确定性,同时可进一步得到双变量及多变量风险的概率特征。研究结果显示所得概率模型的预测区间可很好地匹配观测值,尤其对洪水持续时间而言。同时,"AND"联合重现期的不确定性随着单个洪水变量重现期的增加而增加。此外,低设计流量及高服务年限可能导致高洪水风险且伴随大量不确定性。

Factor XII (Hageman Factor) Deficiency: A Very Rare Coagulation Disorder

Background: Factor XII (Hageman Factor) is the initiating factor for the Intrinsic Pathway of Coagulation. Very low levels of Factor XII have been associated with increased levels of activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT). Association of Factor XII deficiency is more with thromboembolic disorders rather than bleeding tendencies. Aim: To learn more about the relationship of factor XII (Hageman Factor) deficiency and high levels of activated Partial Thromboplastin Time. Case Presentation: The Patient was admitted with complains of recurrent headaches and loin pain. Patient was incidentally found to have prolonged activated Partial Thromboplastin Time. This led to investigations which ultimately provided the evidence of severely low levels of Hageman Factor. Conclusion: Hageman Factor deficiency causes prolonged activated Partial Thromboplastin Time. However, most of the patients are asymptomatic for many years despite Hageman Factor deficiency.

Possible Evolution of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria into Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Rare Transformation

PNH is a rare acquired clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by abnormal sensitivity of red blood cells to lysis by complement. It is caused by genetic mutation resulting in deficiency of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor (GPA) for cell membrane proteins including complement regulating proteins CD55 and CD59. PNH tends to be associated with Aplastic Anemia (anemia due to failure of the bone marrow to produce red and white blood cells as well as platelets), Myelodysplastic Syndrome (a group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature or become healthy blood cells) or rarely Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) (also known as acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, representing a group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders in which both a block in differentiation and unchecked proliferation result in the accumulation of myeloblasts at the expense of normal hematopoietic precursors). Here we report a case and assume possible evolution of PNH into CML (a myeloproliferative malignant clonal disease characterized by presence of fusion BCR/ABL fusion oncogene).

Development of a random-forest-copula-factorial analysis(RFCFA)method for predicting propagation between meteorological and hydrological drought

In the context of global climate warming,the propagation of meteorological drought(MD)may aggravate the devastating impact of hydrological drought(HD)on water security and sustainable development.There are challenges in accurately predicting the propagation of drought and effectively quantifying the effects of uncertainty,especially in data-deficient regions.In this study,a novel method called RFCFA is developed through integrating random forest(RF),copula,and factorial analysis(FA)into a general framework as well as applied to the Aral Sea Basin(a typical arid and data-scarce basin in Central Asia)under considering the impact of climate change.Several findings can be summarized:(1)the projected future drought propagation probability of ASB is 39.2%,which is about 8%higher than historical level;(2)drought propagation is mainly affected by mean climate condition,catchment characteristics(i.e.,elevation,LUCC,and slope),and human activities(i.e.,irrigation and reservoir operation);(3)the lower propagation probability in spring is expected under SSP1-2.6 due to increased snow meltwater,and the drought propagation probability in autumn is the highest(reaching 45.4%)under the influence of reservoir operation;(4)the combined effects of meteorological conditions and agricultural irrigation can lead to a higher probability of future propagation in the upper river basin in summer.Findings are valuable for predicting drought propagation risk,revealing main factors and inherent uncertainties,as well as providing support for drought management and disaster prevention.