Neurological disorders including neurodegenerative diseases,brain tumors,and stroke are the second leading cause of death and the greatest cause of disability worldwide.However,it remains challenging to achieve effect...Neurological disorders including neurodegenerative diseases,brain tumors,and stroke are the second leading cause of death and the greatest cause of disability worldwide.However,it remains challenging to achieve effective drug delivery to the central nervous system for treatments of neurological diseases due to the blood-brain barrier(BBB).The function of the BBB is regulated by the physiological interactions between various types of cells in the neurovascular unit(NVU).In the NVU,the brain vasculature of the BBB is surrounded by brain pericytes,brain astrocytes,neurons,and microglia(Figure 1).Moreover,the NVU at the levels of arteries and veins includes contractile smooth muscle cells(Schaeffer and Iadecola,2021).展开更多
Neural network-based generative models have been actively investigated as an inverse design method for finding novel materials in a vast design space.However,the applicability of conventional generative models is limi...Neural network-based generative models have been actively investigated as an inverse design method for finding novel materials in a vast design space.However,the applicability of conventional generative models is limited because they cannot access data outside the range of training sets.Advanced generative models that were devised to overcome the limitation also suffer from the weak predictive power on the unseen domain.In this study,we propose a deep neural network-based forward design approach that enables an efficient search for superior materials far beyond the domain of the initial training set.This approach compensates for the weak predictive power of neural networks on an unseen domain through gradual updates of the neural network with active transfer learning and data augmentation methods.We demonstrate the potential of our framework with a grid composite optimization problem that has an astronomical number of possible design configurations.Results show that our proposed framework can provide excellent designs close to the global optima,even with the addition of a very small dataset corresponding to less than 0.5%of the initial training dataset size.展开更多
High-density lipoprotein （HDL） serves as a natural nanoparticle with compositional and functional heterogeneity and contributes to the maintenance of lipid metabolism and various biological functions. HDL also trans...High-density lipoprotein （HDL） serves as a natural nanoparticle with compositional and functional heterogeneity and contributes to the maintenance of lipid metabolism and various biological functions. HDL also transports endogenous microRNAs, vitamins, hormones, and proteins through blood and interstitial fluids to various organs. These unique and diverse features of HDL have encouraged its applications for the transport of therapeutics and diagnostic reagents in the last decade. In this review, we describe the heterogeneous characteristics and biological functions of HDL and highlight HDL mimetic approaches, including apolipoprotein mimetic peptides and reconstituted HDL nanoparticles. Given the potential of HDL as a nanocarrier delivering various therapeutic agents, we discuss the current representative studies of HDL mimetic nanotherapeutics for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and analyze the current challenges and future perspective.展开更多
基金supported by a 2-Year Research Grant of Pusan National University(to SIA).
文摘Neurological disorders including neurodegenerative diseases,brain tumors,and stroke are the second leading cause of death and the greatest cause of disability worldwide.However,it remains challenging to achieve effective drug delivery to the central nervous system for treatments of neurological diseases due to the blood-brain barrier(BBB).The function of the BBB is regulated by the physiological interactions between various types of cells in the neurovascular unit(NVU).In the NVU,the brain vasculature of the BBB is surrounded by brain pericytes,brain astrocytes,neurons,and microglia(Figure 1).Moreover,the NVU at the levels of arteries and veins includes contractile smooth muscle cells(Schaeffer and Iadecola,2021).
基金This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program(2019R1A2C4070690)Creative Materials Discovery Program(2016M3D1A1900038)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)of the Republic of Korea,as well as the KAIST-funded Global Singularity Research Program for 2019(N11190118).Additionally,the authors acknowledge funding support from 3M and Inc.to HP Labs.
文摘Neural network-based generative models have been actively investigated as an inverse design method for finding novel materials in a vast design space.However,the applicability of conventional generative models is limited because they cannot access data outside the range of training sets.Advanced generative models that were devised to overcome the limitation also suffer from the weak predictive power on the unseen domain.In this study,we propose a deep neural network-based forward design approach that enables an efficient search for superior materials far beyond the domain of the initial training set.This approach compensates for the weak predictive power of neural networks on an unseen domain through gradual updates of the neural network with active transfer learning and data augmentation methods.We demonstrate the potential of our framework with a grid composite optimization problem that has an astronomical number of possible design configurations.Results show that our proposed framework can provide excellent designs close to the global optima,even with the addition of a very small dataset corresponding to less than 0.5%of the initial training dataset size.
文摘High-density lipoprotein （HDL） serves as a natural nanoparticle with compositional and functional heterogeneity and contributes to the maintenance of lipid metabolism and various biological functions. HDL also transports endogenous microRNAs, vitamins, hormones, and proteins through blood and interstitial fluids to various organs. These unique and diverse features of HDL have encouraged its applications for the transport of therapeutics and diagnostic reagents in the last decade. In this review, we describe the heterogeneous characteristics and biological functions of HDL and highlight HDL mimetic approaches, including apolipoprotein mimetic peptides and reconstituted HDL nanoparticles. Given the potential of HDL as a nanocarrier delivering various therapeutic agents, we discuss the current representative studies of HDL mimetic nanotherapeutics for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and analyze the current challenges and future perspective.
