Intelligent Edge Network Routing Architecture with Blockchain for the IoT

The demand for the Internet of Everything has slowed down network routing efficiency.Tradi-tional routing policies rely on manual configuration,which has limitations and adversely affects network performance.In this paper,we propose an Inter-net of Things(IoT)Intelligent Edge Network Routing(ENIR)architecture.ENIR uses deep reinforcement learning(DRL)to simulate human learning of empir-ical knowledge and an intelligent routing closed-loop control mechanism for real-time interaction with the network environment.According to the network de-mand and environmental conditions,the method can dynamically adjust network resources and perform in-telligent routing optimization.It uses blockchain tech-nology to share network knowledge and global op-timization of network routing.The intelligent rout-ing method uses the deep deterministic policy gradient(DDPG)algorithm.Our simulation results show that ENIR provides significantly better link utilization and transmission delay performance than various routing methods(e.g.,open shortest path first,routing based on Q-learning and DRL-based control framework for traffic engineering).

Smart Service System(SSS)：A Novel Architecture Enabling Coordination of Heterogeneous Networking Technologies and Devices for Internet of Things

In Internet of Things(IoT), the devices or terminals are connected with each other, which can be very diverse over the wireless networks. Unfortunately, the current devices are not designed to communicate with the collocated devices which employ different communication technologies. Consequently, the communication between these devices will be realized only by using the gateway nodes. This will cause the inefficient use of wireless resources. Therefore, in this paper, a smart service system(SSS) architecture is proposed, which consists of smart service terminal(SST), and smart service network(SSN), to realize the Io T in a general environment with diverse communication networks, devices, and services. The proposed architecture has the following advantages: i) the devices in this architecture cover multiple types of terminals and sensor-actuator devices; ii) the communications network therein is a converged network, and will coordinate multiple kinds of existing and emerging networks. This converged network offers ubiquitous access for various sensors and terminals; iii) the architecture has services and applications covering all smart service areas. It also provides theadaptability to new services and applications. A SSS architecture-based smart campus system was developed and deployed. Evaluation experiments of the proposed smart campus system demonstrate the SSS's advantages over the existing counterparts, and verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.

A Study on Service-Oriented Smart Medical Systems Combined with Key Algorithms in the IoT Environment

A smart medical service system architecture is proposed in this paper to increase medical resource utilization and improve the efficiency of the medical diagnosis process for complex business scenarios in the Medical Internet of Things(MIoT)environment.The resource representation model theory,multi-terminal aggregation algorithm,and the resource discovery algorithm based on latent factor model are also studied.A smart medical service system within the IoT environment is then developed,based on the open source project.Experimental results using real-world datasets illustrate that the proposed smart medical service system architecture can promote the intelligent and efficient management of medical resources to an extent,and assists in the develop towards digitization,intelligence,and precision in the field of medicine.

Service-Oriented Network Virtualization Architecture for Internet of Things

As a key technology to realize smart services of Internet of Things(Io T),network virtualization technology can support the network diversification and ubiquity,and improve the utilization rate of network resources.This paper studies the service-oriented network virtualization architecture for Io T services.Firstly the semantic description method for Io T services is proposed,then the resource representation model and resource management model in the environment of network virtualization are presented.Based on the above models,the service-oriented virtual network architecture for Io T is established.Finally,a smart campus system is designed and deployed based on the service-oriented virtual network architecture.Moreover,the proposed architecture and models are verified in experiments.

Pricing Based Power Control for Inter-Cell UAV-Assisted Vehicle-to-Vehicle Underlay Communication

The high-capacity vehicle-to-vehicle(V2 V) communication provides a promising solution to support ubiquitous media streaming and content sharing among vehicles.To extend the V2 V links to multiple cells and manage the inter-cell interference,we proposed an UAV-assisted inter-cell V2 V communication model,in which a shared UAV node is placed in the center of V2 V users.By charging the V2 V users underlay spectrum access fee,the cellular network earn profit at the cost of encountering co-channel interference from V2 V links.A Stackelberg game is formulated to model the interactions between the V2 V links and the cellular links,which are the game follower and the leader respectively.Their utility functions are maximized in terms of accessing price as well as transmit power of V2 V users and UAV relays.Simulation evaluations verify that the power-price tradeoff between V2 V network and cellular network has significant potentials to enhance their utility.

An Exact Virtual Network Embedding Algorithm Based on Integer Linear Programming for Virtual Network Request with Location Constraint

Network virtualization is known as a promising technology to tackle the ossification of current Internet and will play an important role in the future network area. Virtual network embedding(VNE) is a key issue in network virtualization. VNE is NP-hard and former VNE algorithms are mostly heuristic in the literature.VNE exact algorithms have been developed in recent years. However, the constraints of exact VNE are only node capacity and link bandwidth.Based on these, this paper presents an exact VNE algorithm, ILP-LC, which is based on Integer Linear Programming(ILP), for embedding virtual network request with location constraints. This novel algorithm is aiming at mapping virtual network request(VNR) successfully as many as possible and consuming less substrate resources.The topology of each VNR is randomly generated by Waxman model. Simulation results show that the proposed ILP-LC algorithm outperforms the typical heuristic algorithms in terms of the VNR acceptance ratio, at least 15%.

Thermal Stability of a New Ni-Fe-Cr Base Alloy with Different Ti/Al Ratios

Influence of Ti/Al ratios on the thermal stability of a new low cost Ni-Fe-Cr base wrought alloy,designed for application at 700℃ in advanced ultra-supercritical coal-fired power plants(700℃A-USC),was investigated both experimentally and thermodynamically. After standard heat treatment,the alloys with different Ti/Al ratios had the same microstructural characteristics. However,compared with the alloys with high Ti/Al ratio,the low Ti/Al ratio can increase the γ’-solvus temperature,decrease γ’ coarsening rate and reduce the temperature range of η phase precipitation. For the alloys with low Ti/Al ratio,the yield strength has no obvious decrease during long-term thermal exposure at 700 and 750℃,but after thermal exposure at 750℃ for 5000 h,the yield strength of the alloys with high Ti/Al ratio obviously decreases due to the η phase precipitation. The influence of h phase on mechanical properties is related with its size. When the h phase is small,it has no obvious influence on mechanical properties,but h phase becomes the crack initiation site with the further growth of η phase. It can be concluded that the decrease in Ti/Al ratio can improve the thermal stability to meet the requirement of 700℃ A-USC coal-fired power plants.