Integrated Transcriptome and Small RNA Sequencing Analyses Reveals Insights into the Molecular Mechanism of Seed Germination in Mung Bean

During the life cycle of a plant,seed germination is crucial.Upon ingestion of water,the dry seeds resumed energy metabolism and cellular repair.To dissect the complex mechanisms at the very beginning of seed germination,two approaches including transcriptome and small RNA sequencing were conducted during the water imbibition process of mung bean seeds compared with dry seed.The transcriptome sequencing analysis identified 10,108 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between dry and imbibed mung bean seeds.KEGG enrichment analyses demonstrated numerous DEGs involved in hormone signaling pathways,carbohydrate,and energy metabolism.Out of the total DEGs,129 genes were investigated to involve in abscisic acid,gibberellin,and ethylene pathways,with 56 genes involved in glycolysis and TCA cycle.Through the analysis of small RNA sequencing among different samples,there were 284 miRNAs found in the imbibed and dried seeds of mung bean containing 213 known and 71 novel miRNAs.From comparison between the two types of seeds,51 miRNAs were differentially expressed.The integrated analyses of transcriptome and miRNAome data showed that 23 DEGs are the putative target genes of 8 miRNAs including miR156,miR171b-3p,miR166e-3p,miR169-1,etc.QRT-PCR was used to validate several DEGs and miRNAs.The data suggested that the seed imbibition process is regulated by a variety of DEGs and microRNAs.Meanwhile,we hope to gain a deeper insight into how mung bean seeds germinate in order to optimize seed growth.

Research Progress on Genetic Diversity of Cultivated Soybean Germplasm Resources in China

In this paper,by analyzing the genetic diversity of cultivated soybean germplasm resources in China,the environmental and genotypic factors that affect the genetic diversity of cultivated soybean germplasm resources were explored to further expand the genetic basis of the existing germplasm resources of cultivated soybean in China. Moreover,research progress on genetic diversity of cultivated soybean in China was summarized,which not only revealed the geographical characteristics of genetic diversity of cultivated soybean in China,but also proposed direction for research of genetic diversity of soybean.

The Present Situation and Prospects of Research and Utilization of Soybean Germplasm Resources in Shandong Province

Soybean is an important food crop and oil crop for humans. Based on the analysis of current production and research of soybean in Shandong Province and other provinces and cities,this paper clarified the background of soybean germplasm resources,evaluated the genetic diversity of soybean germplasm resources,revealed the evolution pattern of soybean varieties,summarized the utilization of wild-type soybean resources,and analyzed the prospects of research and application of soybean germplasm resources in Shandong Province.

Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in Nine Shandong Soybean Cultivars at the Germination Stage

[Objectives] Salt stress is an important abiotic stress affecting soybean yield. This study aimed to screen salt-tolerant soybean varieties to improve the utilization efficiency of saline-alkali land. [Methods]Under three concentrations of salt stress（ 5,10 and 15 g/L）,salt tolerance of nine Shandong soybean cultivars was identified at the germination stage. The number of germinated seeds,relative germination rate,plant height,radicle length and number of fibrous roots were recorded to analyze the relative salt damage index and evaluate the salt tolerance of different soybean cultivars. [Results]With the increase of salt concentration,the number of germinated seeds,plant height and number of fibrous roots showed a decreasing trend with significant differences among different soybean cultivars. Under three concentrations of salt stress,Shengdou 10,Lindou 10 and Hedou 28 exhibit relatively strong salt tolerance,indicating that these cultivars are relatively salt-tolerant and highly salt-tolerant cultivars; Hedou 12,Gaofeng 1,Weidou 9 and Qihuang 34 are moderately salt-tolerant cultivars; Qihuang 30 and Qihuang 31 are relatively sensitive to salt solution under 15 g/L NaC l stress. [Conclusions] This study provided high-quality germplasm materials for the improvement of salt tolerance of soybean varieties.