A predicted NEDD8 conjugating enzyme gene identified as a Capsicum candidate Rf gene using bulk segregant RNA sequencing

Cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)is an important tool for producing F1 hybrids,which can exhibit heterosis.The companion system,restorer-of-fertility(Rf),is poorly understood at the molecular level and would be valuable in producing restorer lines for hybrid seed production.The identity of the Rf gene in Capsicum(pepper)is currently unclear.In this study,using bulked segregant RNA sequencing(BSR-seq),a strong candidate Rf gene,Capana06g002866,which is annotated as a NEDD8 conjugating enzyme E2,was identified.Capana06g002866 has an ORF of 555 bp in length encoding 184 amino acids;it can be cloned from F1 plants from the hybridization of the CMS line 8A and restorer line R1 but is not found in CMS line 8A.With qRT-PCR validation,Capana06g002866 was found to be upregulated in restorer accessions compared to sterile accessions.The relative expression in flower buds increased with the developmental stage in F1 plants,while the expression was very low in all flower bud stages of the CMS lines.These results provide new insights into the Rf gene in pepper and will be useful for other crops utilizing the CMS system.

Poleward-moving recurrent auroral arcs associated with impulse-excited standing hydromagnetic waves

In Earth's high-latitude ionosphere, the poleward motion of east–west elongated auroral arcs has been attributed to standing hydromagnetic waves, especially when the auroral arcs appear quasi-periodically with a recurrence time of a few minutes. The validation of this scenario requires spacecraft observations of ultra-low-frequency hydromagnetic waves in the magnetosphere and simultaneous observations of poleward-moving auroral arcs near the spacecraft footprints. Here we present the first observational evidence from the multi-spacecraft THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms) mission and the conjugated all-sky imager to support the scenario that standing hydromagnetic waves can generate the quasi-periodic appearance of poleward-moving auroral arcs. In this specific event, the observed waves were toroidal branches of the standing hydromagnetic waves, which were excited by a pulse in the solar wind dynamic pressure. Multi-spacecraft measurements from THEMIS also suggest higher wave frequencies at lower L shells (consistent with the distribution of magnetic field line eigenfrequencies), which indicates that the phase difference across latitudes would increase with time. As time proceeds, the enlarged phase difference corresponds to a lower propagation speed of the auroral arcs, which agrees very well with the ground-based optical data.

Corotating drift-bounce resonance of plasmaspheric electron with poloidal ULF waves

The purpose of this paper is to understand how low energy plasmaspheric electrons respond to ULF waves excited by interplanetary shocks impinging on magnetosphere. It is found that both energy and pitch angle dispersed plasmaspheric electrons with energy of a few eV to tens of eV can be generated simultaneously by the interplanetary shock. The subsequent period of successive dispersion signatures is around 40 s and is consistent with the ULF wave period(third harmonic). By tracing back the energy and pitch angle dispersion signatures, the position of the electron injection region is found to be off-equator at around -32° in the southern hemisphere. This can be explained as the result of injected electrons being accelerated by higher harmonic ULF waves(e.g. third harmonic) which carry a larger amplitude electric field off-equator. The dispersion signatures are due to the flux modulations(or accelerations) of " local" plasmaspheric electrons rather than electrons from the ionosphere. With the observed wave-borne large electric field excited by the interplanetary shock impact, the kinetic energy can increase to a maximum of 23 percent in one bouncing cycle for plasmaspheric electrons satisfying the drift-bounce resonance condition by taking account of both the corotating drift and bounce motion of the local plasmaspheric electron.

Energetic electron detection packages on board Chinese navigation satellites in MEO

Energetic electron measurements and spacecraft charging are of great significance for theoretical research in space physics and space weather applications.In this paper,the energetic electron detection package(EEDP)deployed on three Chinese navigation satellites in medium Earth orbit(MEO)is reviewed.The instrument was developed by the space science payload team led by Peking University.The EEDP includes a pinhole medium-energy electron spectrometer(MES),a high-energy electron detector(HED)based onΔE-E telescope technology,and a deep dielectric charging monitor(DDCM).The MES measures the energy spectra of 50−600 keV electrons from nine directions with a 180°×30°field of view(FOV).The HED measures the energy spectrum of 0.5−3.0 MeV electrons from one direction with a 30°cone-angle FOV.The ground test and calibration results indicate that these three sensors exhibit excellent performance.Preliminary observations show that the electron spectra measured by the MES and HED are in good agreement with the results from the magnetic electron-ion spectrometer(MagEIS)of the Van Allen Probes spacecraft,with an average relative deviation of 27.3%for the energy spectra.The charging currents and voltages measured by the DDCM during storms are consistent with the highenergy electron observations of the HED,demonstrating the effectiveness of the DDCM.The observations of the EEDP on board the three MEO satellites can provide important support for theoretical research on the radiation belts and the applications related to space weather.

Numerical Analysis of Reinforcement Structure Stability Based on the Stress State of Geogrid

The reinforcement effect of geogrids is exerted through the fixing and occlusion with the surrounding soil to ensure the stability of reinforced structure. Based on the friction reinforced mechanism, the geogrids play the role of anti-shear and anti-pulling. So the indexes of interface strength identified by shear and tensile tests?are?usually used to conduct the stability analysis of reinforced structure. At present, the same indexes of interface strength?areadopted in the stability analysis of reinforced structure, where only one of the anti-shearing action or anti-pulling effect of geogrid is considered, which is separated from the practical stress state of geogrids and has certain limitation. To solve the problem, the paper adjusts the interface indexes of geogrids based on the potential sliding surface and the stress state of geogrids when the failure happens. So the method of stability analysis is concluded where cyclic iterative analysis is carried out till the interface characters of geogrids and the unstable mode of the whole structure are the same. The calculation examples of reinforced soil slope in the paper shows that the method can fully reflect the reinforcement of geogrids and can complete the adoption of numerical method in the stability analysis of reinforcement structure.

On the connotation and denotation of Green Library

In recent years, with the rise of the concept of green, energy conservation has become the one of the themes of social initiatives. And the library, as a natural green cultural institution, no doubt should walk in the forefront of the times. Libraries exist so that people can coown books; the same book can allow different people to read, recycle constantly, which is inherent attribute of green library.

有限长管道中具有重力的冲击喷流的适定性

具有重力的冲击喷流问题在工程环境和自然界中非常常见,如喷泉和瀑布等.本文研究具有重力的定常不可压缩理想流体动力学中的冲击喷流问题,建立有限长管道中具有重力的冲击喷流的数学理论.本文证明对于给定有限长管道入口来流的初始速度和大气压力,存在光滑的冲击喷流使得自由边界光滑地连接到管道的尾点.进一步地,本文研究管道入口角点附近解的正则性、冲击喷流在下游的渐近行为以及参数的唯一性.

Enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis: A nationwide data from the Chinese Registry of Psoriatic Arthritis (CREPAR)

Background:The clinical features of enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis(PsA)have been reported in some Western countries,but data in China are very limited.This study aimed to describe the characteristics of enthesitis in Chinese patients with PsA and compared them with those in other cohorts.Methods:Patients with PsA enrolled in the Chinese Registry of Psoriatic Arthritis(CREPAR)(December 2018 to June 2021)were included.Data including demographics,clinical characteristics,disease activity measures,and treatment were collected at enrollment.Enthesitis was assessed by the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada(SPARCC),Maastricht ankylosing spondylitis enthesitis score(MASES),and Leeds enthesitis index(LEI)indices.A multivariable logistic model was used to identify factors related to enthesitis.We also compared our results with those of other cohorts.Results:In total,1074 PsA patients were included,308(28.7%)of whom had enthesitis.The average number of enthesitis was 3.3±2.8(range:1.0–18.0).More than half of the patients(165,53.6%)had one or two tender entheseal sites.Patients with enthesitis had an earlier age of onset for both psoriasis and arthritis,reported a higher proportion of PsA duration over 5 years,and had a higher percentage of axial involvement and greater disease activity.Multivariable logistic regression showed that axial involvement(odds ratio[OR]2.21,95%confidence interval[CI],1.59–3.08;P<0.001),psoriasis area and severity index(PASI)(OR:1.03,95%CI:1.01–1.04;P=0.002),and disease activity score 28-C reactive protein(DAS28-CRP)(OR:1.25,95%CI:1.01–1.55;P=0.037)were associated with enthesitis.Compared with the results of other studies,Chinese patients with enthesitis had a younger age,lower body mass index(BMI),a higher rate of positive human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-B27,more frequent dactylitis,and a higher proportion of conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs’(csDMARDs)use.Conclusions:Enthesitis is a common condition among Chinese patients with PsA.It is important to evaluate entheses in both peripheral and axial sites.

工程导向碳薄膜宏观超滑研究进展

碳薄膜宏观超滑研究的兴起与发展是一个工程导向的过程,有利于解决21世纪日益增长的能源和环境问题.本文从碳纳米结构薄膜制备(如类富勒烯、类石墨、类洋葱和纳米金刚石等)入手,详细阐述了碳薄膜宏观超滑的最新科研进展,分析了碳纳米结构薄膜宏观超滑行为背后的深层次减摩机制,概括了碳薄膜宏观超滑机理,并展望了碳薄膜纳米结构设计与宏观超滑未来的发展方向.

Multi-spacecraft observations of ULF waves during the recovery phase of magnetic storm on October 30, 2003

Based on observations obtained by Cluster C1, GOES 10, 12, and Polar, the global ULF wave properties are studied during the recovery phase of a very intense magnetic storm-Halloween storm (October 31, 2003, 21:00–23:00 UT). The results indicate that the ULF waves’ properties observed by different satellites, such as amplitude, period, etc. show large variations. This can be interpreted as that Field Line Resonance (FLR) might take place in the region where Cluster C1 passed. The compressional wave of the cavity mode coupled with FLR’s shear Alfven wave and fed energy to the latter, forming a large-amplitude toroidal mode. From the point of period, Cluster C1 observed the shortest period, GOES 10, 12 observed the middle, while Polar observed the longest. The wave period of toroidal mode observed by Cluster C1 kept almost unchanging when Cluster C1 passed L range from 11.7 to 5.3. Using the Squared Wavelet Coherence analysis method, we estimated that the FLR region in the dayside magnetosphere could expand to at least 4 local time widths. The toroidal mode observed by Polar was a standing wave, while the poloidal mode was a propagating wave, the observation results could be well explained by the waveguide mode theory. Since the solarwind speed V x was −800 km/s and the dynamic pressure varied little, we speculated that the source of the ULF wave was the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the magnetopause triggered by high speed solarwind.

Blowup Criteria for Full Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations with Vacuum State

This paper deals with the global strong solution to the three-dimensional(3D)full compressible Navier-Stokes systems with vacuum. The authors provide a sufficient condition which requires that the Sobolev norm of the temperature and some norm of the divergence of the velocity are bounded, for the global regularity of strong solution to the 3D compressible Navier-Stokes equations. This result indicates that the divergence of velocity fields plays a dominant role in the blowup mechanism for the full compressible Navier-Stokes equations in three dimensions.