Increasing field experiments have been conducted in forests to better understand the response of plant growth and photosynthesis to climatic warming. However,it is still unknown whether there is a general pattern in r...Increasing field experiments have been conducted in forests to better understand the response of plant growth and photosynthesis to climatic warming. However,it is still unknown whether there is a general pattern in relation to how and to what extent warming impacts woody plants in forests. In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the warming effects. When temperatures increased between 0.3 and 10 ℃, specific leaf area(SLA) was significantly increased by 5.9%, plant height by 7.8%, biomass by 21.9%, foliar calcium(Ca) and manganese(Mn) concentrations by 20.7% and 39.6% and net photosynthetic rate(Pn) by 9.9%. Enhanced growth and Pn may have a relationship with changing SLA, efficiency of PSⅡ(photosystem Ⅱ), photosynthetic pigment concentrations and foliar nutrients. The results will be useful to understand the underlying mechanisms of forests responding to global warming.展开更多
Aims Why invasive plants are more competitive in their introduced range than native range is still an unanswered question in plant invasion ecology.Here,we used the model invasive plant Solidago canaden-sis to test a ...Aims Why invasive plants are more competitive in their introduced range than native range is still an unanswered question in plant invasion ecology.Here,we used the model invasive plant Solidago canaden-sis to test a hypothesis that enhanced production of allelopathic compounds results in greater competitive ability of invasive plants in the invaded range rather than in the native range.We also exam-ined the degree to which the allelopathy contributes increased com-petitive ability of S.canadensis in the invaded range.Methods We compared allelochemical production by S.canadensis growing in its native area(the USA)and invaded area(China)and also by populations that were collected from the two countries and grown together in a'common garden'greenhouse experiment.We also tested the allelopathic effects of S.canadensis collected from either the USA or China on the germination of Kummerowia striata(a native plant in China).Finally,we conducted a common garden,greenhouse experiment in which K.striata was grown in monocul-ture or with S.canadensis from the USA or China to test the effects of allopathy on plant-plant competition with suitable controls such as adding activated carbon to the soil to absorb the allelochemicals and thereby eliminating any corresponding allopathic effects.Important findings Allelochemical contents(total phenolics,total flavones and total saponins)and allelopathic effects were greater in S.canadensis sampled from China than those from the USA as demonstrated in a field survey and a common garden experiment.Inhibition of K.stri-ata germination using S.canadensis extracts or previously grown in soil was greater using samples from China than from the USA.The competitive ability of S.canadensis against K.striata was also greater for plants originating from China than those from the USA.Allelopathy could explain about 46%of the difference.These find-ings demonstrated that S.canadensis has evolved to be more allelo-pathic and competitive in the introduced range and that allelopathy significantly contributes to increased competitiveness for this inva-sive species.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.31500416)Research Funds for the Introduction of Talents of Shanghai Science and Technology Museum
文摘Increasing field experiments have been conducted in forests to better understand the response of plant growth and photosynthesis to climatic warming. However,it is still unknown whether there is a general pattern in relation to how and to what extent warming impacts woody plants in forests. In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the warming effects. When temperatures increased between 0.3 and 10 ℃, specific leaf area(SLA) was significantly increased by 5.9%, plant height by 7.8%, biomass by 21.9%, foliar calcium(Ca) and manganese(Mn) concentrations by 20.7% and 39.6% and net photosynthetic rate(Pn) by 9.9%. Enhanced growth and Pn may have a relationship with changing SLA, efficiency of PSⅡ(photosystem Ⅱ), photosynthetic pigment concentrations and foliar nutrients. The results will be useful to understand the underlying mechanisms of forests responding to global warming.
基金This study was supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.Z5090089)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(RFDP,No.20110101110077).
文摘Aims Why invasive plants are more competitive in their introduced range than native range is still an unanswered question in plant invasion ecology.Here,we used the model invasive plant Solidago canaden-sis to test a hypothesis that enhanced production of allelopathic compounds results in greater competitive ability of invasive plants in the invaded range rather than in the native range.We also exam-ined the degree to which the allelopathy contributes increased com-petitive ability of S.canadensis in the invaded range.Methods We compared allelochemical production by S.canadensis growing in its native area(the USA)and invaded area(China)and also by populations that were collected from the two countries and grown together in a'common garden'greenhouse experiment.We also tested the allelopathic effects of S.canadensis collected from either the USA or China on the germination of Kummerowia striata(a native plant in China).Finally,we conducted a common garden,greenhouse experiment in which K.striata was grown in monocul-ture or with S.canadensis from the USA or China to test the effects of allopathy on plant-plant competition with suitable controls such as adding activated carbon to the soil to absorb the allelochemicals and thereby eliminating any corresponding allopathic effects.Important findings Allelochemical contents(total phenolics,total flavones and total saponins)and allelopathic effects were greater in S.canadensis sampled from China than those from the USA as demonstrated in a field survey and a common garden experiment.Inhibition of K.stri-ata germination using S.canadensis extracts or previously grown in soil was greater using samples from China than from the USA.The competitive ability of S.canadensis against K.striata was also greater for plants originating from China than those from the USA.Allelopathy could explain about 46%of the difference.These find-ings demonstrated that S.canadensis has evolved to be more allelo-pathic and competitive in the introduced range and that allelopathy significantly contributes to increased competitiveness for this inva-sive species.
基金supported by the Ten Thousand Talent Program of Zhejiang Province(2019R52043)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1201100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270461).