Microbial transformation is a useful tool for structure modification of active natural products.Z-Butylidenephthalide is the main active constituent of Angelica sinensis.In the present work,a pair of new oxidized meta...Microbial transformation is a useful tool for structure modification of active natural products.Z-Butylidenephthalide is the main active constituent of Angelica sinensis.In the present work,a pair of new oxidized metabolites,namely(-)(11R)-(Z)-11-hydroxy-butylidenephthalide(1a)and(+)(11S)-(Z)-11-hydroxy-butylidenephthalide(1b),were obtained from microbial transformation for region-selective 11-hydroxylation of Z-butylidenephthalide by Aspergillus niger CGMCC 3.739.Their structures,including absolute configurations,were elucidated by extensive analysis of HR-ESI-MS,NMR spectra,and the modified Mosher’s method.This is the first study on the microbial transformation of Z-butylidenephthalide,and these findings offer a tool for region-selective 11-hydroxylation of Z-butylidenephthalide.展开更多
CEO compensation stickiness represents an important indicator to measure the effectiveness of compensation contracts.This study uses CEO career experience data and compensation stickiness data from Shanghai and Shenzh...CEO compensation stickiness represents an important indicator to measure the effectiveness of compensation contracts.This study uses CEO career experience data and compensation stickiness data from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2020 to investigate the compensation contracts’effectiveness of CEOs with diverse career experiences.The findings are as follows:1)Compensation stickiness is more pronounced for CEOs with diverse career experiences.According to the mechanism test,these CEOs with diverse career experiences can obtain compensation incentives by reducing corporate uncertainty perception and improving total factor productivity.This approach leads to increased compensation stickiness and the effectiveness of compensation contracts.CEOs with diverse career experiences may receive excess compensation by raising agency costs,which intensifies compensation stickiness and weakens the effectiveness of compensation contracts.2)Compensation stickiness of CEOs with diverse career experiences is more significant in companies with lower investor protection,which brings about less effective compensation contracts.In contrast,in companies with higher diversification,the compensation stickiness of CEOs with diverse career experiences is more significant,which delivers more effective compensation contracts.The conclusions deepen the research of CEO compensation contracts and provide a helpful reference for CEO compensation management practices.展开更多
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have the potential to revolutionize medicine,but their low vascular permeability and rapid clearance by phagocytic cells have limited their medical impact.Nanoparticles deliver...Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have the potential to revolutionize medicine,but their low vascular permeability and rapid clearance by phagocytic cells have limited their medical impact.Nanoparticles delivered at the in utero stage can overcome these key limitations due to the high rate of angiogenesis and cell division in fetal tissue and the under-developed immune system.However,very little is known about nanoparticle drug delivery at the fetal stage of development.In this report,using Ai9 CRE reporter mice,we demonstrate that lipid nanoparticle(LNP)mRNA complexes can deliver mRNA in utero,and can access and transfect major organs,such as the heart,the liver,kidneys,lungs and the gastrointestinal tract with remarkable efficiency and low toxicity.In addition,at 4 weeks after birth,we demonstrate that 50.99±5.05%,36.62±3.42%and 23.7±3.21%of myofiber in the diaphragm,heart and skeletal muscle,respectively,were transfected.Finally,we show here that Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA complexed to LNPs were able to edit the fetal organs in utero.These experiments demonstrate the possibility of non-viral delivery of mRNA to organs outside of the liver in utero,which provides a promising strategy for treating a wide variety of devastating diseases before birth.展开更多
Background Understanding the interaction between the mitral valve(MV)and the left ventricle(LV)is very important in assessing cardiac pump function,especially when the MV is dysfunctional.Such dysfunction is a major m...Background Understanding the interaction between the mitral valve(MV)and the left ventricle(LV)is very important in assessing cardiac pump function,especially when the MV is dysfunctional.Such dysfunction is a major medical problem owing to the essential role of the MV in cardiac pump function.Computational modelling can provide new approaches to gain insight into the functions of the MV and LV.Methods In this study,a previously developed LV-MV model was used to study cardiac dynamics of MV leaflets under normal and pathological conditions,including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HOCM)and calcification of the valve.The coupled LV-MV model was implemented using a hybrid immersed boundary/finite element method to enable assessment of MV haemodynamic performance.Constitutive parameters of the HOCM and calcified valves were inversely determined from published experimental data.The LV compensation mechanism was further studied in the case of the calcified MV.Results Our results showed that MV dynamics and LV pump function could be greatly affected by MV pathology.For example,the HOCM case showed bulged MV leaflets at the systole owing to low stiffness,and the calcified MV was associated with impaired diastolic filling and much-reduced stroke volume.We further demonstrated that either increasing the LV filling pressure or increasing myocardial contractility could enable a calcified valve to achieve near-normal pump function.Conclusion The modelling approach developed in this study may deepen our understanding of the interactions between the MV and the LV and help in risk stratification of heart valve disease and in silico treatment planning by exploring intrinsic compensation mechanisms.展开更多
Background:Functional characterization of the long noncoding RNAs(IncRNAs)in disease attracts great attention,which results in a limited number of experimentally characterized IncRNAs.The major problems underlying the...Background:Functional characterization of the long noncoding RNAs(IncRNAs)in disease attracts great attention,which results in a limited number of experimentally characterized IncRNAs.The major problems underlying the lack of experimental verifications are considered to come from the significant false-positive assignments and extensive genetic-heterogeneity of disease.These problems are even worse when it comes to the functional characterization in comorbidity(simultaneous/sequential presence of multiple diseases in a patient,and showing much wider prevalence,poorer treatment-response and longer illness-course than a single disease).Methods:Herein,FCCLnc was developed to characterize IncRNA function by(1)integrating diverse SNPs that were associated with 193 diseases standardized by International Classification of Diseases(ICD-11),(2)condition-specific expression of IncRNAs,(3)weighted correlation network of IncRNAs and protein-coding neighboring genes.Results:FCCLnc can characterize IncRNA function in both disease and comorbidity by not only controlling false discovery but also tolerating their disease heterogeneity.Moreover,FCCLnc can provide interactive visualization and full download of IncRNA-centered co-expression network.Conclusion:In summary,FCCLnc is unique in characterizing IncRNA function in diverse diseases and comorbidities and is highly expected to emerge to be an indispensable complement to other available tools.FCCLnc is accessible at https://idrblab.org/fcclnc/.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21641011, 21773313)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2015J01053, 2016J01060)+1 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province UniversityPromotion Program for Young and Middle-aged Teacher in Science, Technology Research of Huaqiao University (ZQN-PY104)~~
基金This work was financially supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018 YFA0903200/2018YFA0903201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81925037/31900284)+3 种基金Chang Jiang Scholars Program(Young Scholar)from the Ministry of Education of China(Hao Gao,2017)National High-level Personnel of Special Support Program(2017RA2259)Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(2017BT01Y036)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(Hao Gao,2016).
文摘Microbial transformation is a useful tool for structure modification of active natural products.Z-Butylidenephthalide is the main active constituent of Angelica sinensis.In the present work,a pair of new oxidized metabolites,namely(-)(11R)-(Z)-11-hydroxy-butylidenephthalide(1a)and(+)(11S)-(Z)-11-hydroxy-butylidenephthalide(1b),were obtained from microbial transformation for region-selective 11-hydroxylation of Z-butylidenephthalide by Aspergillus niger CGMCC 3.739.Their structures,including absolute configurations,were elucidated by extensive analysis of HR-ESI-MS,NMR spectra,and the modified Mosher’s method.This is the first study on the microbial transformation of Z-butylidenephthalide,and these findings offer a tool for region-selective 11-hydroxylation of Z-butylidenephthalide.
基金the National Social Science Fund of China,under grant No.21BGL017.
文摘CEO compensation stickiness represents an important indicator to measure the effectiveness of compensation contracts.This study uses CEO career experience data and compensation stickiness data from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2020 to investigate the compensation contracts’effectiveness of CEOs with diverse career experiences.The findings are as follows:1)Compensation stickiness is more pronounced for CEOs with diverse career experiences.According to the mechanism test,these CEOs with diverse career experiences can obtain compensation incentives by reducing corporate uncertainty perception and improving total factor productivity.This approach leads to increased compensation stickiness and the effectiveness of compensation contracts.CEOs with diverse career experiences may receive excess compensation by raising agency costs,which intensifies compensation stickiness and weakens the effectiveness of compensation contracts.2)Compensation stickiness of CEOs with diverse career experiences is more significant in companies with lower investor protection,which brings about less effective compensation contracts.In contrast,in companies with higher diversification,the compensation stickiness of CEOs with diverse career experiences is more significant,which delivers more effective compensation contracts.The conclusions deepen the research of CEO compensation contracts and provide a helpful reference for CEO compensation management practices.
基金This work was in part supported by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine(CIRM)grant DISC2-14097(A.W.)the National Institutes of Health grants UG3NS115599,R61DA048444-01,R01MH125979(N.M.),1R01NS100761 and 1R01NS115860(A.W.).
文摘Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have the potential to revolutionize medicine,but their low vascular permeability and rapid clearance by phagocytic cells have limited their medical impact.Nanoparticles delivered at the in utero stage can overcome these key limitations due to the high rate of angiogenesis and cell division in fetal tissue and the under-developed immune system.However,very little is known about nanoparticle drug delivery at the fetal stage of development.In this report,using Ai9 CRE reporter mice,we demonstrate that lipid nanoparticle(LNP)mRNA complexes can deliver mRNA in utero,and can access and transfect major organs,such as the heart,the liver,kidneys,lungs and the gastrointestinal tract with remarkable efficiency and low toxicity.In addition,at 4 weeks after birth,we demonstrate that 50.99±5.05%,36.62±3.42%and 23.7±3.21%of myofiber in the diaphragm,heart and skeletal muscle,respectively,were transfected.Finally,we show here that Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA complexed to LNPs were able to edit the fetal organs in utero.These experiments demonstrate the possibility of non-viral delivery of mRNA to organs outside of the liver in utero,which provides a promising strategy for treating a wide variety of devastating diseases before birth.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11871399,12271440)the UK EPSRC(Grant Nos.EP/S030875,EP/S014284/1,EP/S020950/1,EP/R511705/1,and EP/T017899/1).
文摘Background Understanding the interaction between the mitral valve(MV)and the left ventricle(LV)is very important in assessing cardiac pump function,especially when the MV is dysfunctional.Such dysfunction is a major medical problem owing to the essential role of the MV in cardiac pump function.Computational modelling can provide new approaches to gain insight into the functions of the MV and LV.Methods In this study,a previously developed LV-MV model was used to study cardiac dynamics of MV leaflets under normal and pathological conditions,including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HOCM)and calcification of the valve.The coupled LV-MV model was implemented using a hybrid immersed boundary/finite element method to enable assessment of MV haemodynamic performance.Constitutive parameters of the HOCM and calcified valves were inversely determined from published experimental data.The LV compensation mechanism was further studied in the case of the calcified MV.Results Our results showed that MV dynamics and LV pump function could be greatly affected by MV pathology.For example,the HOCM case showed bulged MV leaflets at the systole owing to low stiffness,and the calcified MV was associated with impaired diastolic filling and much-reduced stroke volume.We further demonstrated that either increasing the LV filling pressure or increasing myocardial contractility could enable a calcified valve to achieve near-normal pump function.Conclusion The modelling approach developed in this study may deepen our understanding of the interactions between the MV and the LV and help in risk stratification of heart valve disease and in silico treatment planning by exploring intrinsic compensation mechanisms.
基金supported by Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital HealthcareAlibaba CloudInformation Technology Center of Zhejiang University.
文摘Background:Functional characterization of the long noncoding RNAs(IncRNAs)in disease attracts great attention,which results in a limited number of experimentally characterized IncRNAs.The major problems underlying the lack of experimental verifications are considered to come from the significant false-positive assignments and extensive genetic-heterogeneity of disease.These problems are even worse when it comes to the functional characterization in comorbidity(simultaneous/sequential presence of multiple diseases in a patient,and showing much wider prevalence,poorer treatment-response and longer illness-course than a single disease).Methods:Herein,FCCLnc was developed to characterize IncRNA function by(1)integrating diverse SNPs that were associated with 193 diseases standardized by International Classification of Diseases(ICD-11),(2)condition-specific expression of IncRNAs,(3)weighted correlation network of IncRNAs and protein-coding neighboring genes.Results:FCCLnc can characterize IncRNA function in both disease and comorbidity by not only controlling false discovery but also tolerating their disease heterogeneity.Moreover,FCCLnc can provide interactive visualization and full download of IncRNA-centered co-expression network.Conclusion:In summary,FCCLnc is unique in characterizing IncRNA function in diverse diseases and comorbidities and is highly expected to emerge to be an indispensable complement to other available tools.FCCLnc is accessible at https://idrblab.org/fcclnc/.