The in vitro digestion fates of diacylglycerol under different intestinal conditions:a potential lipid source for lipid indigestion patients

The in vitro digestion models mimicking the gastrointestinal(GI)tract of general population and lipid indigestion patients(with lower levels of bile salts or pancreatic lipase)were selected to investigate whether diacylglycerols(DAGs)are potential good lipid sources for these patients.Linseed oil-based DAG(LD)and linseed oil(LT)were selected.LD-based emulsion((83.74±1.23)%)had higher lipolysis degree than LT-based emulsion((74.47±1.16)%)when monitoring the GI tract of normal population as previously reported.Indigestion conditions seriously decreased the digestive degree of LT-based emulsion((40.23±2.48)%-(66.50±3.70)%)while showed less influence on LD-based emulsion((64.18±2.41)%-(81.85±3.45)%).As opposed to LT-based emulsion,LD-based emulsion exhibited preference for releasing unsaturated fatty acids(especially oleic acid andα-linolenic acid)due to their different glycerolipid compositions.LD-based emulsion showed potential for providing lipids and nutrients(including essential fatty acids)for lipid indigestion patients.

遥感卫星接收天线在单链驱动下的力学分析

本文针对某遥感卫星地面接收系统6米口径天线,建立了天线结构的有限元分析模型;采用ANSYS分析计算了在单链驱动、多工况下天线结构的应力及变形情况。依据分析计算结果给出了该天线结构在单链驱动情况下的使用建议。

Genome-wide analysis of heat shock transcription factor families in rice and Arabidopsis

The heat shock transcription factors （HSFs） are the major heat shock factors regulating the heat stress response. They participate in regulating the expression of heat shock proteins （HSPs）, which are critical in the protection against stress damage and many other important biological processes. Study of the HSF gene family is important for understanding the mechanism by which plants respond to stress. The completed genome sequences of rice （Oryza sativa） and Arabidopsis （Arabidopsis thaliana） constitute a valuable resource for comparative genomic analysis, as they are representatives of the two major evolutionary lineages within the angiosperms： the monocotyledons and the dicotyledons. The identification of phylogenefic relationships among HSF proteins in these species is a fundamental step to unravel the functionality of new and yet uncharacterized genes belonging to this family.In this study, the full complement of HSF genes in rice and Arabidopsis has probably been identified through the genome-wide scan. Phylogenetic analyses resulted in the identification of three major clusters of orthologous genes that contain members belonging to both species, which must have been represented in their common ancestor before the taxonomic splitting of the angiosperms. Fttrther analysis of the phylogenetic tree reveals a possible dicot specific gene group. We also identified nine pairs of paralogs, as evidence for studies on the evolution history of rice HSF family and rice genome evolution. Expression data analysis indicates that HSF proteins are widely expressed in plants. These results provide a solid base for future functional genomic studies of the HSF gene family in rice and Arabidopsis.

Transgenic analyses of TGIF family proteins in Drosophila imply their role in cell growth

TG-interacting factors （TGIFs） belong to a family of TALE-homeodomain proteins including TGIF, TGIF2, and TGIF2LX/Y （TGIF2 like on X or Y chromosome） in human. They potentially play important functions in various tissues during development. Mutations in TGIF are frequently associated with malformation of forebrain and facial structures; TGIF2 proteins are over-expressed in many ovarian cancer cell lines; and TGIF2LX/Y are specifically expressed in adult testis. The molecular functions of these proteins have been investigated mostly in cultured cells. TGIF and TGIF2 have been found as transcriptional repressors that modulate TGF-beta signaling. However these findings are far from sufficient to explain their mutant phenotypes or expression patterns, and the functions of TGIF2LX/Y have never been reported. Here we use Drosophila as a model system to explore the functions of TGIF family proteins in vivo. We observed in fly tissues such as fat body, epithelia, and neuronal cells, that expressing human TGIF2 or human TGIF2LX generally inhibited cell growth in size and number. Co-expressing Drosophila Myc, Cyclin E, or human c-MycS partially rescued the growth inhibition induced by human TGIFs, whereas activated insulin pathway signaling did not. Taken together, we provide in vivo evidence for the potential functions of human TGIF2 and TGIF2LX in growth control. Additionally, we confirmed that Drosophila TGIFs are transcriptional activators by assaying their activities in spermatogenesis.

Systems pharmacology for traditional Chinese medicine with application to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases

Identified as a treasure of natural herbal products,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has attracted extensive attention for their moderate treatment effect and lower side effect.Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases(CCVD)are a leading cause of death.TCM is used in China to prevent and treat CCVD.However,the complexity of TCM poses challenges in understanding the mechanisms of herbs at a systems-level,thus hampering the modernization and globalization of TCM.A novel model,termed traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology(TCMSP)analysis platform,which relies on the theory of systems pharmacology and integrates absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion and toxicity(ADME/T)evaluation,target prediction and network/pathway analysis,was proposed to address these problems.Here,we review the development of systems pharmacology,the TCMSP approach and its applications in the investigations of CCVD and compare it with other methods.TCMSP assists in uncovering the mechanisms of action of herbal formulas used in treating CCVD.It can also be applied in ascertaining the different syndrome patterns of coronary artery disease,decoding the multi-scale mechanisms of herbs,and in understanding the mechanisms of herbal synergism.

Perspectives on diacylglycerol-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes

Diacylglycerol(DAG)-based edible oils have attracted increasing research interest owing to their healthpromoting properties.Recent animal and human studies showed that an increased 1,2-DAG content in the liver and skeletal muscle may cause insulin resistance.However,earlier studies using animal models or humans reported that dietary DAGs with a 1,2-DAGs to 1,3-D AGs ratio of approximately 3:7 could improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients.This conflict raises the question of whether there is a link between the ingested DAGs and endogenous DAGs during their metabolism.To make a contribution to this field,this review provides an overview of the metabolic pathways of ingested DAGs and biological roles of DAGs(ingested and endogenous)in the change of insulin sensitivity.Accordingly,strategies for further investigations on the metabolism of DAGs are proposed.

3-Port incisionless laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer with a transrectal assistance

Introduction: To present the initial experience of 3-port incisionless laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer with a transrectal assistance by using a toothed oval clamp. Case Presentation: One patient received 3-port incisionless laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer with a transrectal assistance by using a toothed oval clamp. Better direct vision and exposure could be acquired for performing laparoscopic surgical procedure, avoiding additional port inserted. Using this procedure, with strictly adhering to the principles of laparoscopic colectomy and oncological procedure, along with the specimen exteriorized via recta, transacted and a stapled anastomosis performed, no incision can be achieved at the end of an operation. The operative time was 180 minutes. The estimated blood loss in the course of an operation was 80 ml. The patient recovered quickly after surgery, with no post-operative pain and no incision. The patient was dischanged home on the 6th postoperative day. Conclusions: With a transrectal assistance by using a toothed oval clamp, 3-port laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer could be achieved without no incision at the end of the operation, the same as NOTES. It is enormously advantageous to the patient and suitable for application in developing countries, especially in a rural area.

深埋置装配式大直径波纹钢管构造及有限元分析

本文首先介绍了装配式波纹钢结构的构造方法,利用有限元软件对基于二维平面应变模型的装配式和整体式管涵进行计算;其次,分别分析基于弯矩等效和波纹的三维有限元模型受力和变形;最后,通过构造减压板对深埋置波纹钢管进行加固。结果显示,二维平面应变模型下,装配式与整体式两者之间应力和变形存在较小的差异;三维弯矩等效平板模型和二维平面应变模型计算结果具有一致性;三维等效平板模型和波纹模型具有较大的差异;深埋置作用下,减压板不能改善波纹钢管受力和变形状态。有以下结论:1)分析时整体式模型可以代替装配式模型计算; 2)弯矩等效的平板简化模型具有一定的适用范围; 3)深埋置状态下,减压板不能改善波纹钢管的受力和变形状态。

Effect of Plastocene Embedment in the Microperforated Plate on Its AcousticPerformance

Noise pollution is one of the contemporary environmental pollution, which seriously damages people’s green andhealthy life. In order to further improve the low frequency sound absorption performance of microperforatedpanel (MPP), a new plastocene coupled microperforated plate (PCMPP) is proposed. The acoustic propertiesof PCMPP with different apertures and perforation ratio were measured by transfer function method and compared with that of conventional MPPs. It is found that when the aperture was 0.8 mm, the peak value of soundabsorption coefficient of PCMPP decreased by 150 Hz compared with MPP. In a certain range, PCMPP with larger apertures showed a greater influence on sound absorption property in low frequency. In addition, higher perforation ratio led to a greater PCMPP bandwidth of sound absorption. On the other hand, the effect of PCMPPwith aperture of 0.2 mm on the performance of MPP was reduced, which could be compensated by increasing theperforation ratio. Furthermore, we found that the effect of aperture, perforation ratio and cavity on the soundabsorption performance of PCMPP was consistent with that of ideal rigid MPP. The step cooling curve showedthat the plastocene began to soften at about 50℃, representing a great potential for a non-high temperaturework environment.

Expression and significance of B7-H1 in peripheral blood dendritic cells from patients with bladder cancer

Objective： The aim of this study was to study the expression and the clinical significance of B7-H1 on dendritic cells （DCs） in peripheral blood from patients with bladder cancer. Methods： Peripheral blood mononuclear cell were disparted from 30 bladder cancer patients and 7 healthy controls by density gradient centfifugation and then co-cultured. The expres- sion of B7-H1 on DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results： Expression of BT-H1 on DCs in bladder cancer was higher than healthy controls （P 〈 0.01）. And the expression were strongly associated with the pathological grade and clinical stage of bladder cancer （P 〈 0,05）. Conclusion： The up-regulation of B7-H1 on DCs was strongly associated with neoplastic progres-sion of bladder cancer. B7-H1/programmed death （PD）-1 signal pathway may also play an important role in immune escape of bladder cancer during initial phase of T cell immune response.

Role of survivin in apoptosis induced by grape seed procyanidin extract in human bladder cancer BIU87 cells

Objects： The aim of this study was to research the effect of grape seed procyanidin extract （GSPE） on cell apotosis in human bladder cancer BIU87 cells and investigate its molecular mechanism. Methods： BIU87 cells were treated with different concentrations of GSPE and cultured for 24 h in vitro while untreated group as control, MTT[3- （4,5-dimethylthiazole- 2-yl） -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, Hoechst 33258 stainning, flow cytometry, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the apoptotic induction effect of GSPE on BIU87 cells. Results： We found that GSPE induced cell apoptosis in BIU87 cells by a dose-dependent manner. Semiquantitated RT-PCR and Western blot analyses indicated that GSPE increased the expression of caspase-3 and decreased the expression of survivin （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： GSPE induces apoptosis in BIU87 cells in vitro, and the effect maybe related with its down-regulation of survivin.

Impact of Leucine 278 Residue on Fatty Acid Length Specificity of <i>Candida antarctica</i>Lipase B

Structural analysis of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) indicates that side chain of leucine at 278 site lies above the entrance of the catalytic pocket, which prognosticates its potential role on substrate specificity of the enzyme. To verify this presumption, shortened side chain of glycine or proline was rational designed and mutants were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis method. The colorimetric assay using p-nitrophenyl esters of fatty acids with various chain-lengths was used to study the substrate preference of lipases. Results indicated that L278G or L278P mutations both induced the drift of substrate specificity of CALB from p-nitrophenyl caprylate (pNP-C8) to longer carbon chain length of p-nitrophenyl caprate (pNP-C10). Meanwhile, Vmax value of two mutants to pNP-C10 was both higher than that of wild-type. Docking results also indicated that shortened side chain of glycine or proline residues substitution at this site could get rid of the space block present above the catalytic pocket, and made longer chain substrate (pNP-C10) enter into the catalytic pocket easier. The modulation of specificity observed allowed for building substrate binding model and opened new possibilities for designing ligand specific lipases.

Design and Realization of MapSUV Rural Land Surveying Palm Mapping System

The original surveying tools and methods are backward and low efficient and they will also generate lots of errors in the National secondary land surveying. MapSUV rural land surveying palm mapping system (MapSUV palm mapping system) based on 3S techniques, combines MapGIS rural land surveying database management system. It supports the spatial location information collection and attributes data entry. By combining with GPS receiver, it ensures high accuracy in small volume, which greatly facilitates land surveying. This paper main researched system structure, function module design and key techniques. It introduced the practical process of map spot attribute checking and map spot boundary. Then it gave the application assessment. The results shows that this system greatly improves the work efficiency of outdoor surveying and shorten the time of land surveying, database build and updating.

The Realistic Dilemma and Promoting Path of Secondary Vocational Education Talent Training Model under the Background of Education Supply-side Reform

In today's world,the competition for high-end smart technology is becoming increasingly fierce,and the huge connotation hidden behind the fierce competition is the competition of high-quality skilled talents.The status of secondary vocational education in our country's education system has a solid foundational role.The close connection it exhibits with social and economic development is beyond the reach of other types of education.However,the current secondary vocational education talent training model shows a situation that is not in line with market demand,and problems such as"shortage of skilled personnel"and"unemployment structural imbalance"have appeared in related fields.The supply of talents in secondary vocational education lacks a balanced mechanism,lacks in quality of supply,and does not have a high effect.It is urgent to train high-quality skilled talents with matching socio-economic structure transformation and upgrading for the society through education supply-side reform measures.In view of this,according to the changes in market demand,we will vigorously promote the reform of the school-based curriculum of secondary vocational schools,strive to create a new integrated development model that combines textbooks and practice,promote in-depth exchanges and cooperation between schools and characteristic enterprises in the industry,and train people in practice.Cultivating people,creating a good atmosphere for cultivating technical talents,and combining with the new goal of practicing education to build an evaluation system suitable for the growth of secondary vocational talents,making the human resource structure more and more suitable for the transformation and upgrading of the current social industrial structure.

A novel insight of enhancing the hydrogen peroxide tolerance of unspecific peroxygenase from Daldinia caldariorum based on structure

Unspecific peroxygenases(UPOs, EC 1.11.2.1) is a kind of thioheme enzyme capable of catalyzing various oxidations of inert C–H bonds using H_(2)O_(2) as an oxygen donor without cofactors. However, the enhancement of the H_(2)O_(2) tolerance of UPOs is always challenging. In this study, the A161C mutant of r Dca UPO,which originates from Daldinia caldariorum, was found to be highly H_(2)O_(2)-resistant. Compared with the wild type, the mutant r Dca UPO-A161C showed a 10-h prolonged half-life and a 64% improved enzyme activity when incubated in 10 mmol/L H_(2)O_(2). The crystal structure analysis at 1.47 A showed that r Dca UPOA161C exhibited 10 α-helixes(cyan) and a series of ordered rings, forming a single asymmetric spherical structure. The two conserved domains near heme formed an active site with the catalytic PCP and EHD regions(Glu86, His87, Asp88 residues). The H_(2)O_(2) tolerance of r Dca UPO-A161C was preliminarily explored by comparing its structure with the wild type. Notably, r Dca UPO-A161C showed significantly higher catalytic efficiency than the wild type for the production of hydroxyl fatty acids. This study is anticipated to provide an insight into the structure-function relationship and expand potential applications of UPOs.

Hierarchical learning of gastric cancer molecular subtypes by integrating multi-modal DNA-level omics data and clinical stratification

Molecular subtyping of gastric cancer(GC)aims to comprehend its genetic landscape.However,the efficacy of current subtyping methods is hampered by their mixed use of molecular features,a lack of strategy optimization,and the limited availability of public GC datasets.There is a pressing need for a precise and easily adoptable subtyping approach for early DNA-based screening and treatment.Based on TCGA subtypes,we developed a novel DNA-based hierarchical classifier for gastric cancer molecular subtyping(HCG),which employs gene mutations,copy number aberrations,and methylation patterns as predictors.By incorporating the closely related esophageal adenocarcinomas dataset,we expanded the TCGA GC dataset for the training and testing of HCG(n=453).The optimization of HCG was achieved through three hierarchical strategies using Lasso-Logistic regression,evaluated by their overall the area under receiver operating characteristic curve(auROC),accuracy,F1 score,the area under precision-recall curve(auPRC)and their capability for clinical stratification using multivariate survival analysis.Subtype-specific DNA alteration biomarkers were discerned through difference tests based on HCG defined subtypes.Our HCG classifier demonstrated superior performance in terms of overall auROC(0.95),accuracy(0.88),F1 score(0.87)and auPRC(0.86),significantly improving the clinical stratification of patients(overall p-value=0.032).Difference tests identified 25 subtype-specific DNA alterations,including a high mutation rate in the SYNE1,ITGB4,and COL22A1 genes for the MSI subtype,and hypermethylation of ALS2CL,KIAA0406,and RPRD1B genes for the EBV subtype.HCG is an accurate and robust classifier for DNA-based GC molecular subtyping with highly predictive clinical stratification performance.The training and test datasets,along with the analysis programs of HCG,are accessible on the GitHub website(github.com/LabxSCUT).

Steep subduction of the Indian continental mantle lithosphere beneath the eastern Himalaya revealed by gravity anomalies

The geometry and deformation of the Indian continental mantle lithosphere(ICML)beneath the India-Eurasia collision zone are critical to understanding the accommodation of continent-continent convergence.In this paper,the distribution of residual gravity anomalies in the upper mantle of southern Tibet is estimated using the gravity data and seismic velocity models,and the heterogeneous density distribution of the upper-mantle is then recovered through three-dimensional gravity inversion.The results reveal a low-density anomaly(~300 km W-E and~100 km N-S)in the upper mantle under the eastern Himalaya,while there is no obvious density anomaly under the western Himalaya.The western boundary of the low-density anomaly coincides with the Yadong-Gulu Rift(YGR)on the surface(89°–90°E),and its southern boundary is located at~28°N,approximately 130 km southward from the Indus-Yarlung suture,probably representing the mantle suture at depth.This observation indicates that,in contrast to the western ICML which is probably underthrusting at a shallow angle,the eastern ICML be likely subducting steeply,accompanying asthenosphere upwelling.Such a laterally varying geometry suggests that a major tearing of the ICML may have taken place from the intersection of the mantle suture and the YGR in the upper mantle.The tearing and the steep subduction of the ICML might be associated with the magmatic and mineralization events in the eastern Himalaya-Gangdese and the formation of the YGR.

Self-crosslinkable chitosan-hyaluronic acid dialdehyde nanoparticles for CD44-targeted siRNA delivery to treat bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is one of the concerning malignancies worldwide,which is lacking effective targeted therapy.Gene therapy is a potential approach for bladder cancer treatment.While,a safe and effective targeted gene delivery system is urgently needed for prompting the bladder cancer treatment in vivo.In this study,we confirmed that the bladder cancer had CD44 overexpression and small interfering RNAs(siRNA)with high interfere to Bcl2 oncogene were designed and screened.Then hyaluronic acid dialdehyde(HAD)was prepared in an ethanol-water mixture and covalently conjugated to the chitosan nanoparticles(CS-HAD NPs)to achieve CD44 targeted siRNA delivery.The in vitro and in vivo evaluations indicated that the siRNA-loaded CS-HAD NPs(siRNA@CS-HAD NPs)were approximately 100 nm in size,with improved stability,high siRNA encapsulation efficiency and low cytotoxicity.CS-HAD NPs could target to CD44 receptor and deliver the therapeutic siRNA into T24 bladder cancer cells through a ligand-receptor-mediated targeting mechanism and had a specific accumulation capacity in vivo to interfere the targeted oncogene Bcl2 in bladder cancer.Overall,a CD44 targeted gene delivery system based on natural macromolecules was developed for effective bladder cancer treatment,which could be more conducive to clinical application due to its simple preparation and high biological safety.

Enhanced optical nonlinearity in a silicon–organic hybrid slot waveguide for all-optical signal processing

Silicon photonic integrated devices used for nonlinear optical signal processing play a key role in ultrafast switching,computing,and modern optical communications.However,current devices suffer from limited operation speeds and low conversion efficiencies due to the intrinsically low nonlinear index of silicon.In this paper,we experimentally demonstrate enhanced optical nonlinearity in a silicon–organic hybrid slot waveguide consisting of an ultranarrow slot waveguide coated with a highly nonlinear organic material.The fabricated slot area is as narrow as 45 nm,which is,to the best of our knowledge,the narrowest slot width that has been experimentally reported in silicon slot waveguides.The nonlinear coefficient of the proposed device with a length of 3 mm is measured to be up to 1.43×10^(6) W^(-1)km^(-1).Based on the nanostructure design,the conversion efficiencies of degenerate four-wave mixing showed enhancements of more than 12 dB and 5 dB compared to those measured for an identical device without the organic material and a silicon strip waveguide,respectively.As a proof of concept,all-optical canonical logic units based on the prepared device with two inputs at 40 Gb/s are analyzed.The obtained logic results showed clear temporal waveforms and wide-open eye diagrams with error-free performance,illustrating that our device has great potential for use in high-speed all-optical signal processing and high-performance computing in the nodes and terminals of optical networks.

NOGEA: A Network-oriented Gene Entropy Approach for Dissecting Disease Comorbidity and Drug Repositioning

Rapid development of high-throughput technologies has permitted the identification of an increasing number of disease-associated genes(DAGs),which are important for understanding disease initiation and developing precision therapeutics.However,DAGs often contain large amounts of redundant or false positive information,leading to difficulties in quantifying and prioritizing potential relationships between these DAGs and human diseases.In this study,a networkoriented gene entropy approach(NOGEA)is proposed for accurately inferring master genes that contribute to specific diseases by quantitatively calculating their perturbation abilities on directed disease-specific gene networks.In addition,we confirmed that the master genes identified by NOGEA have a high reliability for predicting disease-specific initiation events and progression risk.Master genes may also be used to extract the underlying information of different diseases,thus revealing mechanisms of disease comorbidity.More importantly,approved therapeutic targets are topologically localized in a small neighborhood of master genes in the interactome network,which provides a new way for predicting drug-disease associations.Through this method,11 old drugs were newly identified and predicted to be effective for treating pancreatic cancer and then validated by in vitro experiments.Collectively,the NOGEA was useful for identifying master genes that control disease initiation and co-occurrence,thus providing a valuable strategy for drug efficacy screening and repositioning.NOGEA codes are publicly available at https://github.com/guozihuaa/NOGEA.