Advances on pathogenesis of migraine in cold regions

Migraine is a common primary headache which seriously affects the quality of patients’life due to the high prevalence and disability rate.Recent years a large number of studies have found that temperature is directly bound to migraine and migraine patients in cold regions have higher prevalence,different manifestations and poor response to the conventional therapy.We propose in this review article a new concept of migraine in cold regions on the basis of geography and summarize the research advances on the pathogenesis of migraine in cold regions to provide conceptual basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease entity.

Changes of calcitonin gene-related peptide and other serological indicators in vestibular migraine patients

Objective:It aims to evaluate the diagnostic ability of CGRP and other blood indicators in vestibular migraine(VM)patients,and to explain the potential pathological effects of these biomarkers.The hypothesis of VM being a variant of migraine was examined.Methods:A total of 32 VM patients,35 migraine patients,and 30 healthy control subjects(HC)were selected for this cross-sectional study.Detailed statistics on demographic data,clinical manifestations,calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)and common clinical laboratory indicators were measured within 24 hours from the onset of the conditions.Receptor operating characteristic(ROC)curve and area under the curve(AUC)were analyzed for biomarkers.The risk factors of VM and migraine were determined through univariate and multivariate analyses.Results:Compared with HC,serum CGRP levels(p(VM)=0.012,p(Migraine)=0.028)increased and Mg^(2+)levels(p(VM)<0.001,p(Migraine)<0.001)deceased in VM patients and migraine patients.In multiple logistic regression,VM was correlated with CGRP[odds ratio(OR)=1.07;95%confidence interval(CI),1.02-1.12;P=0.01]and Mg^(2+)[odds ratio(OR)=0.03;95%CI,0.07-0.15;P<0.001].Migraine was correlated with CGRP[odds ratio(OR)=1.07;95%CI,1.02-1.12;P=0.01]and Mg^(2+)[odd ratio(OR=0.01;95%CI,0-0.02;P<0.001)].Mg^(2+)discriminated good differentiation between VM and migraine groups,with AUC of 0.649(95%CI,0.518 to 0.780).The optimal threshold for Mg^(2+)to diagnose VM was 0.805.Conclusions:This study demonstrated that CGRP and Mg^(2+)may be promising laboratory indicators to discriminate HC from VM/migraine,while Mg^(2+)may be uded as a discriminator between VM and migraine.

Elucidating the excited-state dynamics behavior in near-infrared Bodipy dye and aggregates toward biophotonics

Photo-induced excited-state dynamics within organic materials fundamentally determine their photophysical properties for various applications,and thus understanding the primary excited-state dynamics behavior is of fundamental and practical significance.Until recently,the excited-state dynamics of organic materials towards biophotonics have been rarely studied,although numerous endeavors have been devoted to the design of organic materials for biophotonics.Herein,various spectroscopy technologies including femtosecond transient absorption(fs-TA)spectroscopy clearly reveal a totally different excited state dynamics behavior within Bodipy monomer(2B-BDP dye)and aggregates(2B-BDP NPs),indicating strongly morphology dependent character.2B-BDP dye undergoes an ultrafast conversion from S1 to intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)state for subsequent photoluminescence(PL)and nonradiative(NR)decay,while 2B-BDP NPs show an accelerated excited-state deactivation mainly through S1→S0 NR decay.The potential bioapplications based on the corresponding excited state dynamics behavior are discussed together with experimental results.Interestingly,the accelerated NR decay in 2B-BDP NPs does not yield a stronger photoacoustic(PA)signal than that in 2B-BDP dye,which violates the conventional wisdom that faster NR decay would benefit the photothermal effects for better photoacoustic imaging(PAI).These insightful and fundamental observations of the excited-state dynamics may contribute an alternative approach at the molecular level towards the future design of functional Bodipy-based organic molecules with desirable performances.