Visible-to-near-infrared photodetectors based on SnS/SnSe_(2)and SnSe/SnSe_(2)p−n heterostructures with a fast response speed and high normalized detectivity

The emergent two-dimensional(2D)material,tin diselenide(SnSe_(2)),has garnered significant consideration for its potential in image capturing systems,optical communication,and optoelectronic memory.Nevertheless,SnSe_(2)-based photodetection faces obstacles,including slow response speed and low normalized detectivity.In this work,photodetectors based on SnS/SnSe_(2)and SnSe/SnSe_(2)p−n heterostructures have been implemented through a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)−assisted transfer method.These photodetectors demonstrate broad-spectrum photoresponse within the 405 to 850 nm wavelength range.The photodetector based on the SnS/SnSe_(2)heterostructure exhibits a significant responsivity of 4.99×10^(3)A∙W^(−1),normalized detectivity of 5.80×10^(12)cm∙Hz^(1/2)∙W^(−1),and fast response time of 3.13 ms,respectively,owing to the built-in electric field.Meanwhile,the highest values of responsivity,normalized detectivity,and response time for the photodetector based on the SnSe/SnSe_(2)heterostructure are 5.91×10^(3)A∙W^(−1),7.03×10^(12)cm∙Hz^(1/2)∙W−1,and 4.74 ms,respectively.And their photodetection performances transcend those of photodetectors based on individual SnSe_(2),SnS,SnSe,and other commonly used 2D materials.Our work has demonstrated an effective strategy to improve the performance of SnSe_(2)-based photodetectors and paves the way for their future commercialization.

Low-Voltage IGZO Field-Effect Ultraviolet Photodiode

In the era of Internet of Things(Io Ts),an energy-efficient ultraviolet(UV)photodetector(PD)is highly desirable considering the massive usage scenarios such as environmental sterilization,fire alarm and corona discharge monitoring.So far,common self-powered UV PDs are mainly based on metal-semiconductor heterostructures or p–n heterojunctions,where the limited intrinsic built-in electric field restricts further enhancement of the photoresponsivity.In this work,an extremely low-voltage field-effect UV PD is proposed using a gatedrain shorted amorphous IGZO(a-IGZO)thin film transistor(TFT)architecture.A combined investigation of the experimental measurements and technology computer-aided design(TCAD)simulations suggests that the reverse current(ⅠR)of field-effect diode(FED)is highly related with the threshold voltage(Vth)of the parental TFT,implying an enhancement-mode TFT is preferable to fabricate the field-effect UV PD with low dark current.Driven by a low bias of-0.1 V,decent UV response has been realized including large UV/visible(R_(300)/R_(550))rejection ratio(1.9×10^(3)),low dark current(1.15×10^(-12)A)as well as high photo-to-dark current ratio(PDCR,~10^(3))and responsivity(1.89 A/W).This field-effect photodiode provides a new platform to construct UV PDs with well-balanced photoresponse performance at a low bias,which is attractive for designs of large-scale smart sensor networks with high energy efficiency.

Anisotropic optical and electric properties of β-gallium oxide

The anisotropic properties and applications ofβ-gallium oxide(β-Ga_(2)O_(3))are comprehensively reviewed.All the anisotropic properties are essentially resulted from the anisotropic crystal structure.The process flow of how to exfoliate nanoflakes from bulk material is introduced.Anisotropic optical properties,including optical bandgap,Raman and photolumines-cence characters are comprehensively reviewed.Three measurement configurations of angle-resolved polarized Raman spec-tra(ARPRS)are reviewed,with Raman intensity formulas calculated with Raman tensor elements.The method to obtain the Raman tensor elements of phonon modes through experimental fitting is also introduced.In addition,the anisotropy in elec-tron mobility and affinity are discussed.The applications,especially polarization photodetectors,based onβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)were summa-rized comprehensively.Three kinds of polarization detection mechanisms based on material dichroism,1D morphology and metal-grids are discussed in-depth.This review paper provides a framework for anisotropic optical and electric properties ofβ-Ga_(2)O_(3),as well as the applications based on these characters,and is expected to lead to a wider discussion on this topic.

A polarization mismatched p-GaN/p-Al_(0.25)Ga_(0.75)N/p-GaN structure to improve the hole injection for GaN based micro-LED with secondary etched mesa

A low hole injection efficiency for InGaN/GaN micro-light-emitting diodes(μLEDs) has become one of the main bottlenecks affecting the improvement of the external quantum efficiency(EQE) and the optical power. In this work, we propose and fabricate a polarization mismatched p-GaN/p-Al_(0.25)Ga_(0.75)N/p-GaN structure for 445 nm GaN-based μLEDs with the size of 40 × 40 μm^(2), which serves as the hole injection layer. The polarization-induced electric field in the p-GaN/p-Al_(0.25)Ga_(0.75)N/p-GaN structure provides holes with more energy and can facilitate the non-equilibrium holes to transport into the active region for radiative recombination. Meanwhile, a secondary etched mesa for μLEDs is also designed, which can effectively keep the holes apart from the defected region of the mesa sidewalls, and the surface nonradiative recombination can be suppressed. Therefore, the proposed μLED with the secondary etched mesa and the p-GaN/p-Al_(0.25)Ga_(0.75)N/p-GaN structure has the enhanced EQE and the improved optical power density when compared with the μLED without such designs.

影响旱地红壤易解吸磷的因子分析

在位于江西省鹰潭农田生态系统国家野外研究站内的肥料长期（始于1988年）定位试验中,选取了无机肥试验区的NPK和NK,有机肥试验区的对照（CK）、CK＋花生秸秆（SR）、CK＋绿肥（FR）、CK＋稻秆（RS）和CK＋猪厩肥（PM）等7个施肥处理.测定了长期施肥后旱地红壤中易解吸磷（Readily Desorbable Phosphorus,RDP）的含量,采用相关分析及通径分析方法,探讨了土壤pH及土壤有机质、铁铝氧化物、无机磷组分、黏粒等基质组分对红壤RDP的影响程度及其对红壤磷潜在淋失量的贡献率大小.结果表明：长期施肥的旱地红壤中RDP含量,随着土壤中有机质及各形态无机磷组分数量的增加而显著增加（p〈0.01）,却随着无定型氧化铁数量的增加而显著减少（p〈0.05）.通径分析进一步表明红壤各基本化学组分对RDP的直接贡献率（绝对值）大小依次为Al-P〉Fe-P〉Ca-P〉Oc-P〉游离氧化铁〉有机质〉游离氧化铝〉无定型氧化铁〉pH〉无定型氧化铝〉黏粒,可见,无机磷组分对旱地红壤RDP及磷素潜在流失量影响较大.因此,有效调控旱地红壤中Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P的含量对降低土壤磷素的淋失及其对水体环境的污染具有重要作用.

二元团簇VnC30/-(n=1~6)的光电子谱和密度泛函理论计算研究

过渡金属碳化物良好的催化性能依赖于其组成和形貌结构.研究碳化物的精确结构有利于理解它们的催化性能本质,但是极具挑战性,尤其是对于多组分多元体系.本文利用负离子光电子谱结合密度泛函理论计算研究了二元团簇V_(n)C_(3)0/-(n=1~6)及其对应中性团簇的几何结构与电子结构.负离子光电子谱实验测得了该系列负离子团簇的绝热电子剥离能,即其对应中性团簇V_(n)C_(3)的电子亲和能.理论计算表明,在小尺寸团簇V_(n)C_(3)0/-(n=1~3)中,碳原子与碳原子相互作用成键;随着团簇尺寸增加,主要是钒原子数目增加,碳原子与碳原子倾向于分离开,不再成键.与此同时,团簇中形成了钒-碳和钒-钒键.本文进一步研究了八原子团簇VnCm(n+m=8)的结构,并考察了团簇组成对该类八原子团簇的立方或类立方结构的影响.

Advances in prostate cancer research models:From transgenic mice to tumor xenografting models

The identification of the origin and molecular characteristics of prostate cancer(PCa)has crucial implications for personalized treatment.The development of effective treatments for PCa has been limited;however,the recent establishment of several transgenicmouse lines and/or xenografting models is better reflecting the disease in vivo.With appropriate models,valuable tools for elucidating the functions of specific genes have gone deep into prostate development and carcinogenesis.In the present review,we summarize a number of important PCa research models established in our laboratories(PSA-Cre-ERT2/PTEN transgenic mouse models,AP-OX model,tissue recombination-xenografting models and PDX models),which represent advances of translational models from transgenic mouse lines to human tumor xenografting.Better understanding of the developments of these models will offer new insights into tumor progression and may help explain the functional significance of genetic variations in PCa.Additionally,this understanding could lead to new modes for curing PCa based on their particular biological phenotypes.

Secure Multigroup Multicast Communication Systems via Intelligent Reflecting Surface

This paper considers a secure multigroup multicast multiple-input single-output(MISO)communication system aided by an intelligent reflecting surface(IRS).Specifically,we aim to minimize the transmit power at Alice via jointly optimizing the transmit beamformer,artificial noise(AN)vector and phase shifts at the IRS subject to the secrecy rate constraints as well as the unit modulus constraints of IRS phase shifts.To tackle the optimization problem,we first transform it into a semidefinite relaxation(SDR)problem,and then alternately update the transmit beamformer and AN matrix as well as the phase shifts at the IRS.In order to reduce the high computational complexity,we further propose a low-complexity algorithm based on second-order cone programming(SOCP).We decouple the optimization problem into two sub-problems and optimize the transmit beamformer,AN vector and the phase shifts alternately by solving two corresponding SOCP subproblem.Simulation results show that the proposed SDR and SOCP schemes require half or less transmit power than the scheme without IRS,which demonstrates the advantages of introducing IRS and the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Drimane sesquiterpenoids from a wetland soil-derived fungus Aspergillus calidoustus TJ403-EL05

Soil-derived fungi represent an insufficiently tapped reservoir for discovering new and bioactive natural products(NPs),and despite an ever-increasing number of unknown NPs have been discovered over the past few decades,much of the hidden biosynthetic potential is still in an urgent need to be disclosed.In this research,a chemical inves-tigation was performed on a wetland soil-derived fungus Aspergillus calidoustus TJ403-EL05,leading to the isolation of a total of fourteen drimane sesquiterpenoids(1-14),incorporating three new ones,namely ustusols F-H(1-3).Their structures,comprising absolute configurations,were completely authenticated by widespread spectroscopic data,quantum chemical 13C NMR and ECD calculations,and X-ray crystallography experiments.Compound 14 exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the LPS-induced NO release(IC_(50)=25.6μM).

Effects of Organic Fertilizers Made from Distiller＇s Grains on the Growth and Development of Flue-cured Tobacco

Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different organic fertilizers made from distiller＇s grains on the physiological characteristics and growth of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the agronomic traits and biomass of flue-cured tobacco in the three treatments were higher than that of the control group,and the mixed application of different organic fertilizers made from distiller＇s grains and compound fertilizer could promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco significantly.

Effects of Distiller's Grain Substrate with Acid Regulation on the Growth of Tobacco Seedlings in Floating Breeding System

In order to reduce the use of peat resources and realize the sustainable development of tobacco, the pH of distiller s grain substrate was adjusted with humic acid, and the effects of various distiller s grain substrates on the growth of tobacco seedlings were studied to find out the method of cultivating high-quality tobacco seedlings by using distiller s grain substrate. The results showed that when 60% of humic acid was added to the distiller s grain substrate made from coarse distiller s grains, fine distiller s grains, perlite and vermiculite, both the pH and electrical conductivity decreased significantly and were similar to that of the conventional substrate. Moreover, the emergence rate of tobacco seedlings, the rate of strong tobacco seedlings, leaf number, stem height, root growth and quality of tobacco seedlings were good.

Advances in Plant Resistance to Viral Diseases Induced by Exogenous Double-stranded RNA

Application of exogenous double-stranded RNA( dsRNA) for virus resistance in plants represents a very attractive alternative to virus resistant transgenic crops or pesticides targeting virus vectors.However,the instability of dsRNA is a major challenge as spraying naked dsRNA onto plants provides protection against homologous viruses for only five days.Innovative approaches,such as the use of nanoparticles as carriers of dsRNA for improved stability and sustained release,are emerging as key disruptive technologies.Knowledge about the mechanism of entry,transport and processing of exogenously applied dsRNA in plants is still limited.In addition,cost of dsRNA and regulatory framework are still key influencers towards practical adoption of this technology.

表皮生长因子受体的结构与计算生物学研究进展

表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor: EGFR)在细胞信号转导中发挥了重要作用,调节细胞的增殖、分化与迁移。EGFR与多种癌症密切相关,这使其成为一个理想的抗肿瘤药物靶点。本文对EGFR的结构生物学及计算生物学的研究进展做一综述。通过结构生物学家的不懈努力,已经对EGFR的三维空间结构有了较为清晰的认识。计算机模拟是研究生物大分子动态过程的重要手段之一,可以在EGFR静态结构的基础上,模拟其在配体诱导的激活过程中发生的大尺度、长时程的动态构象变化。对EGFR的结构及其分子内部运动的研究,有助于揭示其发挥生物学功能的分子机理,为抗肿瘤药物的设计开发提供指导。

Talaroclauxins A and B:Duclauxin-ergosterol and duclauxin-polyketide hybrid metabolites with complicated skeletons from Talaromyces stipitatus

Talaroclauxins A and B(1 and 2),two novel duclauxin hybrids,were obtained from Talaromyces stipitatus,along with three new(3-5)and one known analogue(6).Their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy,HRESIMS,single-crystal X-ray diffraction,and quantum chemical calculations.Compound 1 is the first example of duclauxin-ergosterol hybrid featuring an unprecedented dodecacyclic ring system formed via a[4+2]cycloaddition,while compound 2,bearing an unusual 6/6/6/5/6/6/6/6 ring system,is a new member of the rare duclauxin-polyketide hybrid class of natural products.Plausible biosynthetic pathways for 1-6 are proposed.Compound 5 displayed moderate neuroprotective effects in glutamate sodium-induced SH-SY5Y cells.

AbnI:Anα-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase involved in brassicicene C-H functionalization and ring system rearrangement

We reported the characterization of a novel brassicicene diterpene biosynthetic gene cluster,which contains a uniqueα-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase(αKGD)enzyme,AbnI.Our findings revealed that AbnI demonstrates remarkable substrate promiscuity and is capable of activating multiple sites on both 5-8-5 and 5-9-5 brassicicene skeletons,resulting in skeleton modifications and an unexpected ring system rearrangement.These results suggested the potential utility of AbnI as an enzymatic tool for terpene C-H functionalization.In addition,the catalytic mechanism of AbnI and its potential ecological implications were discussed.

Strain-enhanced polarization sensitivity inβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)photodetector

Polarization-sensitive photodetection and imaging have great application value in fields such as polarization division multiplexing optical communication,remote sensing,near-field imaging and military monitoring.Pursuing a high polarization ratio has always been the research hotspot in polarization-sensitive photodetectors.In this paper,we report a compression strain enhanced polarization ratio inβ-gallium oxide(β-Ga_(2)O_(3))single crystal flake.A rigorous crystallographic analysis confirmed its high crystalline quality and orientation.Angle-resolved polarization Raman spectroscopy(ARPRS)was adopted to study the anisotropy of its optical properties.Extensive ARPRS measurements and theoretical calculation consistently demonstrate the strong optical anisotropy in the high-qualityβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)flake.A polarization ratio of 0.96 was obtained in the flatβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)flake.Furthermore,mechanical strain of±0.7%was introduced intoβ-Ga_(2)O_(3).An increased polarization ratio of 0.98 was achieved in the case of 0.7%compression strain,which is,to the best of our knowledge,the highest value for UVC polarization-sensitive photodetectors.That corresponds to an improved polarization rejection ratio of 100.This work proposed a new path towards improving polarization sensitivity by applying strain engineering in the active material.

Polyaspers A and B,the First Ergosterol-Polyether Adducts with Unprecedented 6/6/6/5/5/6/6/6/6 Nonacyclic Architecture from Aspergillus sp.TJ507

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease and the TNF-αis an important therapeutic target of this disease.In our continuous study of bioactive natural products from fungi,the first ergosterol-polyether adducts,polyaspers A(1)and B(2),along with two known ergosterols,(36,5α,6α,22E)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxyergosta-8,22-dien-7-one(3)and calvasterol B(4),were iso-lated from Aspergillus sp.TJ507.Structure elucidation was accomplished by extensive spectroscopic analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction tests.Polyaspers A and B possessing an unequalled 6/6/6/5/5/6/6/6/6 nonacyclic system,and their biosynthetic path-ways were proposed to include intermolecular cyclization and Diels-Alder reactions.Activity screen of these isolates showed that 1-3 could improve the cell viability in an actinomycin D/TNF-αinduced L929 cells death model,with the EC50 values of 49.85,46.75 and 4.99μmol/L,respectively,and the activity of 3 was even comparable with that of the positive control SPD304.Further bioactive investigations discovered 3 could suppress the inflammatory response simulated with TNF-αin HaCaT cells.In an imiquimod-induced psoriasis murine model,3 significantly restrained the development of psoriasis symptoms and reduced the expression of IL-17 and IL-23,presenting an anti-psoriatic effect.As such,those ergosterol derivatives,might serve as lead compounds for the development of novel TNF-αinhibitory agents in the clinical treatment of psoriasis.

江苏省启东市育龄女性恶性肿瘤患者生存率变化趋势分析

目的探讨江苏省启东市过去45年内15~49岁育龄女性恶性肿瘤(MTCF)患者生存率及其变化趋势。方法选择1972年1月1日至2016年12月31日"启东市肿瘤登记系统、全死因登记系统"(隶属于启东肝癌防治研究所)登记的15~49岁MTCF(含脑和中枢神经系统良性肿瘤)患者10014例为研究对象。计算MTCF患者1、5、10年观察生存率(OSR)和相对生存率(RSR),并采用Hakulinen似然比检验法,对45年内的9个时间段(1972—1976年、1977—1981年、1982—1986年、1987—1991年、1992—1996年、1997—2001年、2002—2006年、2007—2011年、2012—2016年,5年间隔,分别为第1~9个5年)与患者7个年龄段(15~19岁、20~24岁、25~29岁、30~34岁、35~39岁、40~44岁、45~49岁,5岁间隔,分别为第1~7个5岁)的RSR进行比较。分析MTCF患者1、5、10年OSR、RSR的平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)。本研究遵循的程序符合启东市人民医院伦理委员会规定,并通过该伦理委员会审查及批准(审批文号:ER-XXM-LWTG-2021-051)。结果①MTCF患者1、5、10年OSR与RSR分别为53.23%、36.54%、32.54%与53.34%、36.98%、33.45%,1、5年RSR从第1个5年的44.04%、25.06%上升至第9个5年的83.24%、68.04%,10年RSR从第1个5年的21.14%上升至第8个5年的47.24%。9个时间段中,MTCF患者的1、5、10年RSR总体比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1291.19,P<0.001)。MTCF患者1、5、10年OSR的AAPC分别为2.18%、3.30%、3.66%,1、5、10年RSR的AAPC分别为2.18%、3.28%、3.61%,其1、5、10年OSR和RSR在9个时间段中的上升趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(1、5、10年OSR:t=5.62、P=0.001,t=6.47、P<0.001,t=6.45、P<0.001;1、5、10年RSR:t=5.63、P=0.001,t=6.50、P<0.001,t=6.48、P<0.001)。②过去45年内第1~7个5岁MTCF患者5年RSR分别27.47%、32.29%、33.21%、34.76%、34.87%、36.00%、40.60%,7个年龄段患者5年RSR总体比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=90.66、P<0.001)。第1~7个5岁MTCF患者5年RSR的AAPC分别为3.56%、2.48%、3.47%、3.18%、3.02%、3.54%、3.32%,7个年龄段患者5年RSR在9个时间段中的上升趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=5.03、P=0.002,t=6.34、P<0.001,t=10.80、P<0.001,t=5.24、P=0.001,t=5.66、P=0.001,t=5.09、P=0.001,t=6.66,P<0.001)。③启东市发病数前10位的MTCF患者中,5年RSR最高的为甲状腺癌(97.05%),最低的为肝癌(6.86%)。结论启东市过去45年内MTCF患者总体生存率呈上升趋势,应继续关注育龄女性健康,加强肝癌等重点癌症筛查策略,早发现、早诊断、早治疗,以进一步提高MTCF患者整体生存率。

Natural Sesquiterpenoids, Diterpenoids, Sesterterpenoids, and Triterpenoids with Intriguing Structures from 2017 to 2022

This review covers the isolation,structural determination,plausible biosynthetic pathways,and biological activities of 166 natural terpenoids including 57 sesquiterpenoids,65 diterpenoids,15 sesterterpenoids,and 29 triterpenoids from January 2017 to December2022.