Research Progress of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo

The effects of light on the quality and related genes of Dendrobium officinale were summarized, and the main chemical components and pharmacological effects of D. officinale were analyzed. The biomass accumulation of D. officinale is related to light quality and light intensity. Monochromatic light quality can make polysaccharide accumulate, and mixed light quality can promote cell proliferation and component accumulation of D. officinale. Under different light intensity, the polysaccharide content of D. officinale is different, and it changes with the change of light intensity. When a certain intensity is exceeded, the polysaccharide content decreases with the increase of light intensity. The chemical components of D. officinale are polysaccharides, alkaloids, amino acids, volatile components, etc. The analysis of the growth and components of D. officinale provides reference and basis for improving the quality and chemical components of D. officinale and promotes the research and development of related products of D. officinale.

碳纳米材料的环境降解及其降解机制

碳纳米材料(carbon nanomaterials, CNMs)是一类具有优异物理化学特性的新型材料. CNMs在广泛应用过程中不可避免地进入环境,对环境中的生物体造成一定危害.同时,环境中的CNMs在自然条件下可能会发生降解,而降解后的CNMs由于材料结构和性质上的改变进而影响其生物毒性.因此,亟需对CNMs环境降解途径系统地进行探究和总结.本综述围绕CNMs的生物降解和非生物降解这两种主要的降解方式展开.生物降解包括酶降解、细菌降解和细胞降解,非生物降解则重点阐述了光降解和(光)化学降解这两大过程.通过系统总结降解的反应条件、降解终点、中间产物和终产物等降解特性,最终揭示了CNMs环境降解的规律和机制.此外,我们结合尚未明了的降解机制和降解的环境限制条件对CNMs降解研究中面临的挑战和发展方向进行了展望.本综述为深入理解CNMs的环境归趋和长期环境风险提供了重要的理论支持.

碳纳米材料与共存污染物的联合毒性

碳纳米材料(carbon nanomaterials,CNMs)具有广泛的应用,其产量飞速增长,并在纳米产品的消费过程中不可避免地被释放到环境中.环境中的CNMs能够与共存污染物(如有机污染物、重金属和其他纳米颗粒)相互作用,影响彼此的归趋及毒性效应.因此在评价CNMs的环境风险时,CNMs与环境中共存污染物的联合毒性不容忽视.本文首先归纳了CNMs对生物体的直接及间接致毒机制,随后着重探讨了CNMs与有机污染物、重金属等环境污染物的联合毒性,从CNMs与其他污染物的作用方式入手,探究了联合毒性与单一毒性发生差异(增强或抑制)的机制,最后对目前CNMs与共存污染物联合毒性的评价方法、研究水平以及面临的挑战进行了分析和展望,为准确评估并深入理解CNMs的环境风险提供一定的理论基础.