In geodesy and geophysics,many large-scale over-determined linear equations need to be solved which are often ill-conditioned.When the conjugate gradient method is used,their ill-conditioning effects to the solutions ...In geodesy and geophysics,many large-scale over-determined linear equations need to be solved which are often ill-conditioned.When the conjugate gradient method is used,their ill-conditioning effects to the solutions must be overcome,which is studied in this paper.Through the regularization ideas,the conjugate gradient method is improved,and the regularization iterative solution based on controlling condition number is put forward.Firstly by constructing the interference source vector,a new equation is derived with ill-condition diminished greatly,which has the same solution to the original normal equation.Then the new equation is solved by conjugate gradient method.Finally the effectiveness of the new method is verified by some numerical experiments of airborne gravity downward to the earth surface.In the numerical experiments the new method is compared with LS,CG and Tikhonov methods,and its accuracy is the highest.展开更多
Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are phospholipid bilayer vesicles actively secreted by cells,that contain a variety of functional nucleic acids,proteins,and lipids,and are important mediums of intercellular communication.B...Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are phospholipid bilayer vesicles actively secreted by cells,that contain a variety of functional nucleic acids,proteins,and lipids,and are important mediums of intercellular communication.Based on their natural properties,EVs can not only retain the pharmacological effects of their source cells but also serve as natural delivery carriers.Among them,plant-derived nanovesicles(PNVs)are characterized as natural disease therapeutics with many advantages such as simplicity,safety,eco-friendliness,low cost,and low toxicity due to their abundant resources,large yield,and low risk of immunogenicity in vivo.This review systematically introduces the biogenesis,isolation methods,physical characterization,and components of PNVs,and describes their administration and cellular uptake as therapeutic agents.We highlight the therapeutic potential of PNVs as therapeutic agents and drug delivery carriers,including anti-inflammatory,anticancer,wound healing,regeneration,and antiaging properties as well as their potential use in the treatment of liver disease and COVID-19.Finally,the toxicity and immunogenicity,the current clinical application,and the possible challenges in the future development of PNVs were analyzed.We expect the functions of PNVs to be further explored to promote clinical translation,thereby facilitating the development of a new framework for the treatment of human diseases.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41174005,41474009).
文摘In geodesy and geophysics,many large-scale over-determined linear equations need to be solved which are often ill-conditioned.When the conjugate gradient method is used,their ill-conditioning effects to the solutions must be overcome,which is studied in this paper.Through the regularization ideas,the conjugate gradient method is improved,and the regularization iterative solution based on controlling condition number is put forward.Firstly by constructing the interference source vector,a new equation is derived with ill-condition diminished greatly,which has the same solution to the original normal equation.Then the new equation is solved by conjugate gradient method.Finally the effectiveness of the new method is verified by some numerical experiments of airborne gravity downward to the earth surface.In the numerical experiments the new method is compared with LS,CG and Tikhonov methods,and its accuracy is the highest.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274103,82074272,China)Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(21XD1403400,China)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(20S21900300,China)Shanghai Sailing Program(20YF1412100,China)。
文摘Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are phospholipid bilayer vesicles actively secreted by cells,that contain a variety of functional nucleic acids,proteins,and lipids,and are important mediums of intercellular communication.Based on their natural properties,EVs can not only retain the pharmacological effects of their source cells but also serve as natural delivery carriers.Among them,plant-derived nanovesicles(PNVs)are characterized as natural disease therapeutics with many advantages such as simplicity,safety,eco-friendliness,low cost,and low toxicity due to their abundant resources,large yield,and low risk of immunogenicity in vivo.This review systematically introduces the biogenesis,isolation methods,physical characterization,and components of PNVs,and describes their administration and cellular uptake as therapeutic agents.We highlight the therapeutic potential of PNVs as therapeutic agents and drug delivery carriers,including anti-inflammatory,anticancer,wound healing,regeneration,and antiaging properties as well as their potential use in the treatment of liver disease and COVID-19.Finally,the toxicity and immunogenicity,the current clinical application,and the possible challenges in the future development of PNVs were analyzed.We expect the functions of PNVs to be further explored to promote clinical translation,thereby facilitating the development of a new framework for the treatment of human diseases.
