Chinese Medical Association consensus for standardized diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(pNENs)are rare and highly heterogeneous tumors originating from pluripotent stem cells with neuroendocrine differentiation in the pancreas,constituting approximately 3%of all pancreatic tumors.^([1])The global incidence of pNENs has been increasing recently,and most cases are sporadic and more common in women.^([1,2])pNENs are clinically divided into functioning and nonfunctioning tumors depending on whether the tumors are accompanied by a clinical syndrome related to specific hormone overproduction.

Efficient allelic replacement in rice by gene editing： A case study of the NRT1.1B gene

Summary Precise replacement of an existing allele in commercial cultivars with an elite allele is a major goal in crop breeding. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the NRT1.1B gene between japonica and indica rice is responsible for the improved nitrogen use efficiency in indica rice. Herein, we precisely replaced the japonica NRT1.1B allele with the indica allele, in just one generation, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology. No additional selective pressure was needed to enrich the precise replacement events.

Characterization of DNA damage response deficiency in pancreatic cancer patients from China

To the editor,Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)has the worst prognosis among all common malignant solid tumors,with a 5-year overall survival(OS)rate of less than 10%[1].Few effective targets for anticancer ther-apy have been confirmed in pancreatic cancer.Recently,it was substantiated that pancreatic cancer patients carry-ing deleterious mutations of the DNA damage response(DDR)genes are more likely to benefit from platinum-based chemotherapy[2]and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitor[3].

Post-combustion slipstream CO_(2)-capture test facility at Jiangyou Power Plant,Sichuan,China:facility design and validation using 30% wt monoethanolamine(MEA)testing

Given the dominant share of coal in China’s energy-generation mix and the fact that>50% of the power plants in the country are currently<15 years old,efforts to significantly reduce China’s CO_(2) footprint will require the deployment of CO_(2) capture across at least part of its fleet of coal-fired power plants.CO_(2)-capture technology is reaching commercial maturity,but it is still necessary to adapt the technology to regional conditions,such as power-plant design and flexible operation in the China context.Slipstream facilities provide valuable field data to support the commercialization of CO_(2) capture.We have built a slipstream facility at Jiangyou power plant in Sichuan that will allow us to explore China-relevant issues,especially flexible operation,over the next few years.We plan to share our results with the broader CO_(2)-capture and CO_(2)-storage(CCS)community to accelerate the deployment of CCS in China.This paper describes the design of the slipstream facility and presents results from our steady-state qualification tests using a well-studied benchmark solvent:30% wt monoethanolamine(MEA).The results from our MEA tests compare favorably to results reported from other slipstream-test facilities around the world,allowing us to commission our system and establish a reference baseline for future studies.

Post-combustion slipstream CO_(2)-capture test facility at Jiangyou Power Plant, Sichuan, China: performance of a membrane separation module under dynamic power-plant operations

Membrane-based separation technologies have the potential to lower the cost of post-combustion CO_(2) capture from power-plant flue gases through reduced energy and capital costs relative to conventional solvent approaches.Studies have shown promise under controlled conditions,but there is a need for data on performance and reliability under field conditions.Coal-fired power plants in China operate in a dynamic manner,with increases and decreases in output causing changes in flue-gas composition.In this paper,we describe the first field test of a membrane-based post-combustion CO_(2)-capture system connected to a dynamically operating power plant in China.We report the performance of a Membrane Technology Research,Inc.(MTR)Polaris^(TM) membrane-based capture system over a range of plant operating loads ranging from 54%to 84%and conducted an operational stability test over a 168-h period during which the power plant was operating at an average load of 55%,but ramped as high as 79%and as low as 55%.Our results confirm the ability of a membrane capture system to operate effectively over a wide range of host-plant operating conditions,but also identity several issues related to plant integration,system control and resilience in the face of host-plant upsets that require attention as membrane separation systems move towards commercial use.

Generation of Targeted Point Mutations in Rice by a Modified CRISPR/Cas9 System

CRISPR/Cas9 （Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palin- dromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated Cas9 endonuclease）- mediated genome editing has revolutionized biological research and crop improvement because of its specificity, simplicity, and versatility （reviewed in Komor et al., 2016a）.

Effects of combined procedure and devascularization alone on hyperdynamics of the portal venous system in patients with portal hypertension

Shunts and devascularizations have totally dif-ferent effects on the hemodynamics of the portal venous system.The actual results of pericardial devascularization(PCDV)alone and conventional splenorenal shunt com-bined with pericardial devascularization(combined pro-cedure,CP)should be determined by more clinical observations.This study aimed to evaluate effects on hemodynamics in the portal venous system after CP and PCDV only.In 20 patients who received CP and 18 who received PCDV,hemodynamic parameters of the portal venous system were studied by magnetic resonance angio-graphy 1 week before and 2 weeks after operation.Free portal pressure(FPP)was continuously detected by a transducer during the operations.Compared to the pre-operative data,a decreased flow in the portal vein(PVF)[(563.12±206.42)mL/min vs(1080.63±352.85)mL/min,P,0.05],a decreased portal vein diameter(PVD)[(1.20±0.11)cm vs(1.30±0.16)cm,P<0.01],a decreased FPP[(21.50±2.67)mmHg vs(29.88±2.30)mmHg,P<0.01]and an increased flow in the superior mesenteric vein(SMVF)[(1105.45±309.03)mL/min vs(569.13±178.46)mL/min,P<0.05]were found in the CP group after operation;a decreased PVD[(1.27±0.16)cm vs(1.40±0.23)cm,P<0.05],a decreased PVF[(684.60±165.73)mL/min vs(1175.64±415.09)mL/min,P<0.05],a decreased FPP[(24.40±3.78)mmHg vs(28.80±3.56)mmHg,P<0.05]and an increased SMVF[(697.91±121.83)mL/min vs(521.30±115.82)mL/min,P<0.05]were observed in the PCDV group.After operation,PVF in the CP group[(563.12±206.42)mL/min vs(684.60±165.73)mL/min,P<0.05]had no significant decrease,while FPP[(21.50±2.67)mmHg vs(24.40±3.78)mmHg,P<0.01]had a significant decrease as compared with that in the PCDV group.PVF and FPP could be decreased by both surgical procedures,but the effect of decreasing FPP was much better in the combined procedure than in PCDV alone.Further,there was no significant difference in PVF between the two groups.It is suggested that the combined surgical procedure could integrate the advan-tages of shunting with those of devascularization,as well as maintaining the normal anatomic structure of hepatic portal system,thus it should be one of the best choices for patients with portal hypertension when surgical interven-tions are considered.