腔内技术治疗医源性血管损伤的临床应用

目的探讨腔内技术在医源性血管损伤(iatrogenic vascular injury,IVI)治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2018年12月至2022年6月期间因IVI于我院行腔内治疗11例患者资料,包括静脉性IVI 4例,动脉性IVI 5例,血管内异物2例。IVI治疗方法包括腔内压迫、血管破裂口填塞、经皮血管内支架植入(percutaneous intravascular stent implantation,PISI)及血管缝合器(vascular closure devices,VCDs)腔内缝合。血管内异物治疗方法为导管辅助抓捕器腔内套取。分析腔内治疗的手术方式,统计手术成功率及手术相关并发症。结果所有患者均顺利完成腔内治疗IVI,技术成功率100%。1例静脉性IVI患者行PISI术后3 d复查示支架内血栓形成;1例动脉性IVI患者予行股动脉腔内封堵联合假性动脉瘤腔内注射促凝血药物治疗后4 d股动脉假性动脉瘤复发,予行外科切开缝合;1例静脉性IVI患者行腔内压迫止血无效后予弹簧圈及明胶海绵栓塞治疗术后4 d死亡,但与腔内治疗髂静脉IVI未存在明确相关性。余所有病例均未出现明显手术相关并发症及围手术期死亡。手术临床成功率81.82%,手术相关并发症发病率9.09%。无手术相关严重并发症发生。结论腔内技术以微创方式治疗IVI,术中创伤小、术后恢复快,值得临床推广;同时,血管侵入性操作的术前评估及术后观察亦非常重要。

Tapping Carbon Sequestration Potential of Blooming Macroalgae to Mitigate Climate Change

Macroalgal mariculture is gaining global attention to achieve carbon neutrality due to its important contribution to ocean carbon sequestration.However,some wild macroalgal species(e.g.,Sargassum and Ulva prolifera)exhibit strong environmental adaptability and can cause large-scale,recurrent blooms in global oceans,fueled by rising atmospheric CO_(2) levels and coastal eutrophication.Notably,massive Ulva prolifera green tides have occurred annually in the Yellow Sea for the past 17 consecutive years.At the late blooming stage,millions of tons of U.prolifera naturally sink to the shallow seafloor.The subsequent intense microbial aerobic degradation of sinking macroalgae results in coastal hypoxia and acidification,with most of the macroalgal carbon returning to the atmosphere.Preventing or reducing the intense degradation of massive sinking U.prolifera could enable more macroalgal carbon storage in the ocean in the long term and alleviate the harmful effects of green tide.Thus,ecological disasters from macroalgal blooms may be transformed into useful natural platforms to increase ocean carbon sequestration.We propose an integrated strategy using environmentally friendly minerals(e.g.,montmorillonite and calcium carbonate)and coagulants(e.g.,polyaluminum chloride),along with natural algicidal bacteria or substances,to induce rapid flocculation and sedimentation of blooming macroalgae,reduce the degradation of sinking macroalgae and its negative environmental impacts,and minimize the generation of macroalgal propagules or seeds and the potential risk for future green tide outbreaks.This integrated approach is potentially a promising approach to tap the carbon sequestration potential of macroalgal blooms to mitigate climate change.

CT影像融合引导经颈静脉肝内门体分流术中门静脉穿刺

目的评估利用2D-3D配准CT影像融合导航技术引导经颈静脉肝内门体分流(transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt,TIPS)术中门静脉穿刺的可行性、安全性与应用价值。方法回顾性收集2016年3月至2022年9月在我院接受TIPS的肝硬化门静脉高压症的48例患者临床资料,男39例、女9例,年龄35~88(55.04±11.65)岁。根据引导方式分常规组及融合组:常规组31例,于DSA透视引导门静脉穿刺;影像融合组17例,以CT影像融合技术引导门静脉穿刺。定量分析影像融合术前CT门静脉造影重建的3D图像与数字减影血管造影门静脉图像的误差,对比两组间门静脉穿刺次数、穿刺时间、对比剂用量、X线曝光时间及剂量面积乘积、累积空气比释动能、手术时间,以及穿刺相关并发症。结果两组患者均成功施行TIPS,常规组穿刺相关并发症5例,术后因肝功能衰竭死亡1例,融合组未发生穿刺相关并发症。图像融合纵向误差1~10 mm(2.82±2.43 mm),横向误差1~5 mm(2.06±1.20 mm)。与常规组相比,融合组减少了门静脉穿刺次数、穿刺时间、对比剂用量、X曝光时间及剂量面积乘积、累积空气比释动能,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);融合组穿刺相关并发症、手术时间低于常规组,但其差异无统计学意义。结论利用2D-3D配准CT影像融合导航技术引导TIPS术中门静脉穿刺安全、可行,有助于提高穿刺准确性,减少穿刺时间及辐射剂量、对比剂用量,值得临床推广。

Carbon pools and fluxes in the China Seas and adjacent oceans

The China Seas include the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea. Located off the Northwestern Pacific margin, covering 4700000 km^2 from tropical to northern temperate zones, and including a variety of continental margins/basins and depths, the China Seas provide typical cases for carbon budget studies. The South China Sea being a deep basin and part of the Western Pacific Warm Pool is characterized by oceanic features; the East China Sea with a wide continental shelf, enormous terrestrial discharges and open margins to the West Pacific, is featured by strong cross-shelf materials transport; the Yellow Sea is featured by the confluence of cold and warm waters; and the Bohai Sea is a shallow semiclosed gulf with strong impacts of human activities. Three large rivers, the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River, flow into the East China Sea, the Bohai Sea, and the South China Sea, respectively. The Kuroshio Current at the outer margin of the Chinese continental shelf is one of the two major western boundary currents of the world oceans and its strength and position directly affect the regional climate of China. These characteristics make the China Seas a typical case of marginal seas to study carbon storage and fluxes. This paper systematically analyzes the literature data on the carbon pools and fluxes of the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea, including different interfaces(land-sea, sea-air, sediment-water, and marginal sea-open ocean) and different ecosystems(mangroves, wetland, seagrass beds, macroalgae mariculture, coral reefs, euphotic zones, and water column). Among the four seas, the Bohai Sea and South China Sea are acting as CO_2 sources, releasing about0.22 and 13.86–33.60 Tg C yr^(-1) into the atmosphere, respectively, whereas the Yellow Sea and East China Sea are acting as carbon sinks, absorbing about 1.15 and 6.92–23.30 Tg C yr^(-1) of atmospheric CO_2, respectively. Overall, if only the CO_2 exchange at the sea-air interface is considered, the Chinese marginal seas appear to be a source of atmospheric CO_2, with a net release of 6.01–9.33 Tg C yr^(-1), mainly from the inputs of rivers and adjacent oceans. The riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) input into the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 5.04, 14.60, and 40.14 Tg C yr^(-1),respectively. The DIC input from adjacent oceans is as high as 144.81 Tg C yr^(-1), significantly exceeding the carbon released from the seas to the atmosphere. In terms of output, the depositional fluxes of organic carbon in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 2.00, 3.60, 7.40, and 5.92 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. The fluxes of organic carbon from the East China Sea and South China Sea to the adjacent oceans are 15.25–36.70 and 43.93 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. The annual carbon storage of mangroves, wetlands, and seagrass in Chinese coastal waters is 0.36–1.75 Tg C yr^(-1), with a dissolved organic carbon(DOC) output from seagrass beds of up to 0.59 Tg C yr^(-1). Removable organic carbon flux by Chinese macroalgae mariculture account for 0.68 Tg C yr^(-1) and the associated POC depositional and DOC releasing fluxes are 0.14 and 0.82 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. Thus, in total, the annual output of organic carbon, which is mainly DOC, in the China Seas is 81.72–104.56 Tg C yr^(-1). The DOC efflux from the East China Sea to the adjacent oceans is 15.00–35.00 Tg C yr^(-1). The DOC efflux from the South China Sea is 31.39 Tg C yr^(-1). Although the marginal China Seas seem to be a source of atmospheric CO_2 based on the CO_2 flux at the sea-air interface, the combined effects of the riverine input in the area, oceanic input, depositional export,and microbial carbon pump(DOC conversion and output) indicate that the China Seas represent an important carbon storage area.

A Novel Vibriophage vB_VcaS_HC Containing Lysogeny-Related Gene Has Strong Lytic Ability against Pathogenic Bacteria

To avoid the negative effects of antibiotics,using phage to prevent animal disease becomes a promising method in aquaculture.Here,a lytic phage provisionally named vB_Vca S_HC that can infect the pathogen(i.e.,Vibrio campbellii 18)of prawn was isolated.The phage has an isometric head and a non-contractile tail.During phage infection,the induced host mortality in 5.5 h reached ca.96%,with a latent period of 1.5 h and a burst size of 172 PFU/cell.It has an 81,566 bp circular ds DNA genome containing 121 open reading frames(ORFs),and ca.71%of the ORFs are functionally unknown.Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis revealed that it is a novel phage belonging to Delepquintavirus,Siphoviridae,Caudovirales.In the phage genome,besides the ordinary genes related to structure assembly and DNA metabolism,there are 10 auxiliary metabolic genes.For the first time,the pyruvate phosphate dikinase(PPDK)gene was found in phages whose product is a key rate-limiting enzyme involving Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas(EMP)reaction.Interestingly,although the phage has a strong bactericidal activity and contains a potential lysogeny related gene,i.e.,the recombinase(Rec A)gene,we did not find the phage turned into a lysogenic state.Meanwhile,the phage genome does not contain any bacterial virulence gene or antimicrobial resistance gene.This study represents the first comprehensive characterization of a lytic V.campbellii phage and indicates that it is a promising candidate for the treatment of V.campbellii infections.

Differential physiological responses of the coastal cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 to elevated pCO2 at lag, exponential,and stationary growth phases

We studied the effects of expected end-of-the-century p CO_2(1000 ppm)on the photosynthetic performance of a coastal marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp.PCC7002 during the lag,exponential,and stationary growth phases.Elevated p CO_2significantly stimulated growth,and enhanced the maximum cell density during the stationary phase.Under ambient p CO_2conditions,the lag phase lasted for 6 days,while elevated p CO_2shortened the lag phase to two days and extended the exponential phase by four days.The elevated p CO_2increased photosynthesis levels during the lag and exponential phases,but reduced them during the stationary phase.Moreover,the elevated p CO_2reduced the saturated growth light(Ik)and increased the light utilization efficiency(α)during the exponential and stationary phases,and elevated the phycobilisome:chlorophyll a(Chl a)ratio.Furthermore,the elevated p CO_2reduced the particulate organic carbon(POC):Chl a and particulate organic nitrogen(PON):Chl a ratios during the lag and stationary phases,but enhanced them during the exponential phase.Overall,Synechococcus showed differential physiological responses to elevated p CO_2during different growth phases,thus providing insight into previous studies that focused on only the exponential phase,which may have biased the results relative to the effects of elevated p CO_2in ecology or aquaculture.