Mantle sources of Cenozoic volcanoes around the South China Sea revealed by geochemical and isotopic data using the principal component analysis

Principal component analysis(PCA)was employed to determine the implications of geochemical and isotopic data from Cenozoic volcanic activities in the Southeast Asian region,including China(South China Sea(SCS),Hainan Island,Fujian-Zhejiang coast,Taiwan Island),and parts of Vietnam and Thailand.We analyzed 15 trace element indicators and 5 isotopic indicators for 623 volcanic rock samples collected from the study region.Two principal components(PCs)were extracted by PCA based on the trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic ratios,which probably indicate an enriched oceanic island basalt-type mantle plume and a depleted mid-ocean ridge basalt-type spreading ridge.The results show that the influence of the Hainan mantle plume on younger volcanic activities(<13 Ma)is stronger than that on older ones(>13 Ma)at the same location in the Southeast Asian region.PCA was employed to verify the mantle-plume-ridge interaction model of volcanic activities beneath the expansion center of SCS and refute the hypothesis that the tension of SCS is triggered by the Hainan plume.This study reveals the efficiency and applicability of PCA in discussing mantle sources of volcanic activities;thus,PCA is a suitable research method for analyzing geochemical data.

Soil pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A comparison of two Chinese cities

Soil samples from Huizhou and Zhanjiang,China were analyzed for 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） with harmonized sampling,sample extraction and analysis quantification methods.The concentrations and sources of PAHs in soil samples of the two cities were compared.Almost all of the PAH components were detectable in 103 soil samples.The concentrations of ∑ PAHs ranged from 35.40 to 534.5 μg/kg in soil samples from Huizhou,and ranged from 9.50 to 6618.00 μg/kg in samples from Zhanjiang.Evident differences of concentrations,compositions and sources of PAHs in soils were observed between the two cities.The average concentrations of individual component and the sum of a group of PAHs in soil samples from Zhanjiang were significantly higher than those in Huizhou （P 0.05）.Phe,Flu,Pyr,Bbf and Baa were the dominant PAH components both in soil samples from Huizhou and Zhanjiang.Except for these five components,Bap,I1p,Daa and Bgp were also the dominant PAH components in soil samples from Zhanjiang.Coal combustion and liquid fossil fuel combustion were the same sources of PAHs in the two cities with different contributions,and petroleum played a key role in PAHs release in Zhanjiang.