Experimental and mechanistic study on chemical looping combustion of caking coal

Under high-temperature batch fluidized bed conditions and by employing juye coal as the raw material,the present study determined the effects of the bed material,temperature,OC/C ratio,steam flow and oxygen carrier cycle on the chemical looping combustion of coal.In addition,the variations taking place in the surface functional groups of coal under different reaction times were investigated,and the variations achieved by the gas released under the pyrolysis and combustion of Juye coal were analyzed.As revealed from the results,the carbon conversion ratio and rate were elevated significantly,and the volume fraction of the outlet CO_(2)remained more than 92%under the oxygen carriers.The optimized reaction conditions to achieve the chemical looping combustion of Juye coal consisted of a temperature of 900℃,an OC/C ratio of 2,as well as a steam flow rate of 0.5 g·min^(-1).When the coal was undergoing the chemical looping combustion,volatiles primarily originated from the pyrolysis of aliphatic-CH_(3)and-CH_(2),and CO and H_(2)were largely generated from the gasification of aromatic carbon.In the CLC process,H_(2)O and CO_(2)began to separate out at 270℃,CH4 and tar began to precipitate at 370℃,and the amount of CO_(2)was continuously elevated with the rise of the temperature.

烟煤化学链反应特性及机理分析

在固定床反应器中添加铁基载氧体Fe4Al6和铜基载氧体Cu4Al6,进行巨野(JY)烟煤化学链燃烧实验,通过气相色谱(GC)、红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析了JY煤化学链反应特性及表面官能团演变规律。结果表明,相对于Al2O3,Fe4Al6或Cu4Al6为床料时,JY煤中CO2含量分别提高了52.25%和59.16%,最大碳转化速率分别提高了8.93%和30.36%,Cu4Al6反应效果更好。添加Cu4Al6后,JY煤表面官能团演变进程加快,Cu4Al6对脂肪烃结构、芳香碳骨架和芳香族CH的转化均有明显促进作用。煤中脂肪烃-CH3和-CH2稳定性低、反应速率快,是化学链燃烧初期气相产物主要来源;芳香碳骨架和芳香族-CH稳定性高、反应活性低,反应速率较缓慢,是化学链燃烧中后期气相产物主要来源。

Self-assembly of amphiphilic peptides to construct activatable nanophotosensitizers for theranostic photodynamic therapy

A variety of nano-engineered photosensitizers have been developed for photodynamic therapy(PDT)of cancer diseases. However, traditional nano-engineering methods usually cannot avoid drug leakage and premature release, and have disadvantages such as low drug load and inaccurate release.The self-assembly strategy based on amphiphilic peptides has been considered to be more attractive nano-engineering method. Here we developed novel acid-activatable self-assembled nanophotosensitizers based on an amphiphilic peptide derivative. The peptide derivative was synthesized from a fluorescein molecule with thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF). The self-assembled nanophotosensitizers can specifically enter the tumor cells and disassemble inside lysosomes companied with “turn-on” fluorescence and photodynamic therapy effect. Such smart nanophotosensitizers will open new opportunities for cancer theranostics.

Directional preparation of naphthalene oil-rich tar from Beisu low-rank coal by low-temperature catalytic pyrolysis

Low-rank coal(LRC)can be converted to high value-added naphthalene and its alkylated derivatives through low-temperature catalytic pyrolysis.In this paper,the catalytic pyrolysis of Beisu LRC in a fixed-bed at low temperature was investigated.And the catalytic effects of HZSM-5,low-temperature carbocoal(LtC),and LtC-HZSM-5 on the content and yield of naphthalene oil were examined.The results showed that the generation of naphthalene oil in low-temperature LRC pyrolysis(LT-LP)process could be improved when LtC(prepared at 550℃)or HZSM-5 was individually used as a catalyst.Compared with sole pyrolysis of raw LRC,the addition of the LtC-HZSM-5 catalyst increased the content of naphthalene oil from 11.19 wt.%to 31.49 wt%.And the yield of naphthalene oil was increased from 1.07 wt%to 5.31 wt%.The reactions of micromolecular hydrogen-containing radicals(⋅MHCR)were optimized by LtC.⋅MHCR could be captured in relatively low-temperature region(200-400℃)and released at high temperature by LtC.The generation of phenolics was inhibited by HZSM-5.As a result,the naphthalene oil-rich tar was obtained through low-temperature LtC-HZSM-5 catalytic pyrolysis of Beisu LRC.