Purpose: Several characteristic personality types have been reported for glaucoma patients in previous studies. However, none of the previous studies used a common structural theory of personality. In this study, we c...Purpose: Several characteristic personality types have been reported for glaucoma patients in previous studies. However, none of the previous studies used a common structural theory of personality. In this study, we conducted a multicenter cross-sectional case-control study using the recently established five-factor model of personality structure. Methods: Personality was evaluated using the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), which is a questionnaire specifically designed to test the five-factor model of personality: neuroticism (N), extraversion (E), openness (O), agreeableness (A), and conscientiousness (C). Eligible questionnaires were obtained from 196 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (99 men, 97 women) and 223 reference subjects with no ocular disease except cataract (87 men, 136 women). The mean score of each NEO-FFI factor for POAG patients was compared to the scores for the reference subjects. Results: Compared with the reference subjects, the mean N score was significantly higher (P=0.013), the mean scores for A and C were significantly lower (P=0.007 and P=0.001, respectively), and the mean E score tended to be lower (P=0.055) in male POAG patients. The mean E score was significantly lower (P=0.023) in female POAG patients. Conclusions: Characteristic personality traits were noted in POAG patients, and a more significant relationship was found between personality and glaucoma in men than in women.展开更多
Background: The majority of skin changes associated with ageing are caused by photoageing and reflect cumulative sun exposure. Although the actinic damage plays a major role in skin pigmentation, it is also important ...Background: The majority of skin changes associated with ageing are caused by photoageing and reflect cumulative sun exposure. Although the actinic damage plays a major role in skin pigmentation, it is also important to examine the effects of chronological cellular ageing on the pigmentation. The chief cellular components of the skin other than melanocytes are keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and the influences of age-related changes in those cells on skin pigmentation have not been elucidated. Objective: To clarify the effects of cellular ageing of keratinocytes and fibroblasts on age-related skin pigmentation. Methods: Using ELISA analysis, we measured the level of melanogenic cytokines secreted by cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts derived from skin of various chronological ages. We also compared the cytokine secretion by cultured keratinocytes between the second and fifth cultures. Results: There was no correlation between age and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), stem cell factor (SCF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) secretion by fibroblasts. On the other hand, a significant positive correlation existed between age and interleukin ((IL)- 1α secretion (R2 = 0.50, P = 0.002), and a relatively weak correlation existed between age and endothelin- 1(ET- 1) secretion (R2 = 0.17,P = 0.051, not significant). The IL- 1α secretion by keratinocytes was significantly increased in the fifth cultures compared with the second cultures (P < 0.005). Conclusions: These findings suggest that IL- 1α secretion increases as cells grow older, and the increased secretion of IL- 1α by aged keratinocytes may stimulate HGF production in dermal fibroblasts paracrinely and ET- 1 production in keratinocytes autocrinely, which stimulates melanocyte proliferation and induces an increase of tyrosinase activity in melanocytes. Because IL- 1α is a primary mediator that responds to inflammation and injury, the transcription of genes involved in skin inflammation may be persistently induced in the aged skin. Thus the increased secretion of IL- 1α by aged keratinocytes in the aged skin may play a role in the accentuated cutaneous pigmentation and other skin ageing.展开更多
文摘Purpose: Several characteristic personality types have been reported for glaucoma patients in previous studies. However, none of the previous studies used a common structural theory of personality. In this study, we conducted a multicenter cross-sectional case-control study using the recently established five-factor model of personality structure. Methods: Personality was evaluated using the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), which is a questionnaire specifically designed to test the five-factor model of personality: neuroticism (N), extraversion (E), openness (O), agreeableness (A), and conscientiousness (C). Eligible questionnaires were obtained from 196 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (99 men, 97 women) and 223 reference subjects with no ocular disease except cataract (87 men, 136 women). The mean score of each NEO-FFI factor for POAG patients was compared to the scores for the reference subjects. Results: Compared with the reference subjects, the mean N score was significantly higher (P=0.013), the mean scores for A and C were significantly lower (P=0.007 and P=0.001, respectively), and the mean E score tended to be lower (P=0.055) in male POAG patients. The mean E score was significantly lower (P=0.023) in female POAG patients. Conclusions: Characteristic personality traits were noted in POAG patients, and a more significant relationship was found between personality and glaucoma in men than in women.
文摘Background: The majority of skin changes associated with ageing are caused by photoageing and reflect cumulative sun exposure. Although the actinic damage plays a major role in skin pigmentation, it is also important to examine the effects of chronological cellular ageing on the pigmentation. The chief cellular components of the skin other than melanocytes are keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and the influences of age-related changes in those cells on skin pigmentation have not been elucidated. Objective: To clarify the effects of cellular ageing of keratinocytes and fibroblasts on age-related skin pigmentation. Methods: Using ELISA analysis, we measured the level of melanogenic cytokines secreted by cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts derived from skin of various chronological ages. We also compared the cytokine secretion by cultured keratinocytes between the second and fifth cultures. Results: There was no correlation between age and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), stem cell factor (SCF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) secretion by fibroblasts. On the other hand, a significant positive correlation existed between age and interleukin ((IL)- 1α secretion (R2 = 0.50, P = 0.002), and a relatively weak correlation existed between age and endothelin- 1(ET- 1) secretion (R2 = 0.17,P = 0.051, not significant). The IL- 1α secretion by keratinocytes was significantly increased in the fifth cultures compared with the second cultures (P < 0.005). Conclusions: These findings suggest that IL- 1α secretion increases as cells grow older, and the increased secretion of IL- 1α by aged keratinocytes may stimulate HGF production in dermal fibroblasts paracrinely and ET- 1 production in keratinocytes autocrinely, which stimulates melanocyte proliferation and induces an increase of tyrosinase activity in melanocytes. Because IL- 1α is a primary mediator that responds to inflammation and injury, the transcription of genes involved in skin inflammation may be persistently induced in the aged skin. Thus the increased secretion of IL- 1α by aged keratinocytes in the aged skin may play a role in the accentuated cutaneous pigmentation and other skin ageing.
