The extremely low friction and minimal wear in natural synovial joints appear to be established by effective lubrication mechanisms based on appropriate combination of articular cartilage and synovial fluid.The comple...The extremely low friction and minimal wear in natural synovial joints appear to be established by effective lubrication mechanisms based on appropriate combination of articular cartilage and synovial fluid.The complex structure of cartilage composed of collagen and proteoglycan with high water content contributes to high load-carrying capacity as biphasic materials and the various constituents of synovial fluid play important roles in various lubrication mechanisms.However,the detailed differences in functions of the intact and damaged cartilage tissues,and the interaction or synergistic action of synovia constituents with articular cartilage have not yet been clarified.In this study,to examine the roles of synovia constituents and the importance of cartilage surface conditions,the changes in friction were observed in the reciprocating tests of intact and damaged articular cartilage specimens against glass plate lubricated with lubricants containing phospholipid,protein and/or hyaluronic acid as main constituents in synovial fluid.The effectiveness of lubricant constituents and the influence of cartilage surface conditions on friction are discussed.In addition,the protectiveness by synovia constituents for intact articular cartilage surfaces is evaluated.展开更多
Hip joint replacements represent the most effective way of treatment for patients suffering from joint diseases.Despite the rapid improvement of implant materials over the last few decades,limited longevity associated...Hip joint replacements represent the most effective way of treatment for patients suffering from joint diseases.Despite the rapid improvement of implant materials over the last few decades,limited longevity associated with wear-related complications persists as the main drawback.Therefore,improved tribological perfor-mance is required in order to extend the service life of replacements.The effect of surface texturing of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)acetabular cup was investigated in the present study.Unique tilling method was utilized for manufacturing the dimples with controlled diameter and depths on the contact surface of the cup.The experiments with four commercial femoral components and two model lubricants were realized.The main attention was paid to a coefficient of friction considering the differences between the original and the dimpled cups.Results showed remarkable lowering of friction,in general.Focusing on the simulated human synovial fluid,friction was reduced by 40%(alumina ceramic),38.8%(zirconia toughened ceramic),25.5%(metal),and 9.9%(oxinium).In addition,the dimples helped to keep the friction stable without fluctuations.To conclude,the paper brings a new insight into frictional behaviour of the hip replacements during running-in phase which is essential for overall implant lifespan.It is believed that proper surface texturing may rapidly improve the life quality of millions of patients and may lead to considerable financial savings.展开更多
The fibre-reinforced structure in synovial articular cartilage plays an important role in enhancing the fluid load support in the biphasic lubrication mechanism.Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)hydrogel is a potential biomimet...The fibre-reinforced structure in synovial articular cartilage plays an important role in enhancing the fluid load support in the biphasic lubrication mechanism.Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)hydrogel is a potential biomimetic articular cartilage material.In this study,PVA hydrogel was reinforced with PVA fibres to improve its frictional properties.By computational analysis,the position of the PVA fibre layer was examined with a migrating contact condition to reduce the friction coefficient.To improve the fibre reinforcement,a method for fibre placement was developed to retain the initial strain of the fibre in the hydrogel matrix.The experimental results showed that the fibre-reinforced PVA hydrogel with a surface fibre layer had a low friction coefficient of 0.031 in pure water.The fibre-reinforced PVA hydrogel successfully reduced friction coefficient.展开更多
The soft hydrogel material is expected for a candidate material as biomimetic artificial cartilage with synergisticfunctionalities of adaptive multimode lubrication.In boundary lubrication mode of hydrogel material,th...The soft hydrogel material is expected for a candidate material as biomimetic artificial cartilage with synergisticfunctionalities of adaptive multimode lubrication.In boundary lubrication mode of hydrogel material,the biphasiclubrication mechanism cooperatively exerts its functionality.In hydrodynamic lubrication mode,it is preferable that thelubricating surfaces be impermeable to trap the fluid pressure in contact surfaces,whereas the actual biphasic materiallike a hydrogel is a permeable material with surface porosity.lt is indicated that the interstitial fluid pressurisation inthe permeable biphasic material can contribute to significant fluid load support under lower sliding speed condition.So,the authors examined how the contrary fluid pressure effect appears in the transition from the boundarylubrication mode to soft elastohydrodynamic lubrication mode.In the experiment,a small pressure sensor was utilisedto measure the in-situ fluid pressure in sliding condition.Although the experimental condition of this study wasselective,the result showed a possibility of the negative effect of the biphasic surface,in which the permeable surfacediminished the hydrodynamic fluid pressure.This means that one should manage and enhance the biphasic lubricationabilities in wide operation range when the hydrogel material was used as a load bearing material.展开更多
Erratum to Friction 1(2):150-162(2013)DOI 10.1007/s40544‐013‐0010‐6 The original version of this article unfortunately contained the incorrect lengend“HA 0.5 wt%+DPPC 0.01 wt%+albumin 1.4 wt%”in Fig.7 on page 155...Erratum to Friction 1(2):150-162(2013)DOI 10.1007/s40544‐013‐0010‐6 The original version of this article unfortunately contained the incorrect lengend“HA 0.5 wt%+DPPC 0.01 wt%+albumin 1.4 wt%”in Fig.7 on page 155,instead of.展开更多
In this study,the adhesion-detachment behaviour of a gecko-inspired adhesive pad was investigated to understand the on/off switching mechanisms of adhesion in gecko feet.A macroscopic spatula model was fabricated usin...In this study,the adhesion-detachment behaviour of a gecko-inspired adhesive pad was investigated to understand the on/off switching mechanisms of adhesion in gecko feet.A macroscopic spatula model was fabricated using silicone rubber,and adhesion tests combining lateral sliding and vertical debonding were conducted.It was observed that the contact state and the adhesion force of the pad vary considerably with the direction of lateral sliding prior to debonding,and that the pad achieves adhesion during debonding even when it loses contact due to excess lateral sliding.These results explain the mech-anisms behind the on/off switching and stable adhesion of gecko feet,and suggest the possibility of developing new-generation adhesives capable of switchable adhesion.展开更多
The boundary lubrication mechanism at the articulating surface of natural synovial joints has been the subject of much discussion in tribology.In this study,to elucidate the lubricating function of the superficial are...The boundary lubrication mechanism at the articulating surface of natural synovial joints has been the subject of much discussion in tribology.In this study,to elucidate the lubricating function of the superficial area of articular cartilage and synovial fluid(SF),cartilage specimens were processed with four different treatments:gentle and severe washing with detergent,incubation in NaCl solution,and trypsin digestion to selectively remove certain constituents from the cartilage surface.Subsequently,the frictional characteristics were examined in phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)and SF against glass.Angularly reciprocating sliding tests with a spherical glass probe and square articular cartilage specimens were performed at low contact loads in the mN range to extract the frictional behavior in the superficial area of the cartilage specimens.Meanwhile,the cartilage surface was observed to confirm the effects of treatments on the morphology of the cartilage surface using a fluorescence microscope and water-immersion methods.The coefficient of friction(COF)of the prepared cartilage specimens was varied from 0.05 to over 0.3 in PBS.However,a certain group of cartilage specimens exhibited a low COF of less than 0.1 with limited variation.For the low COF group of specimens,all four treatments increased the COF in PBS to different extents,and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the integrity of the cartilage surface was deteriorated by treatments.This means that the intact cartilage surface had lubricating constituents to maintain low friction,and the removal of such constituents resulted in the loss of the intrinsic boundary lubricity of the cartilage surface.The variation in the COF of the cartilage specimens was suppressed in SF because it had a clear boundary lubrication effect on the cartilage surface.The lubricating effect of SF could be confirmed even after degenerative treatment.展开更多
基金the Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(23000011).
文摘The extremely low friction and minimal wear in natural synovial joints appear to be established by effective lubrication mechanisms based on appropriate combination of articular cartilage and synovial fluid.The complex structure of cartilage composed of collagen and proteoglycan with high water content contributes to high load-carrying capacity as biphasic materials and the various constituents of synovial fluid play important roles in various lubrication mechanisms.However,the detailed differences in functions of the intact and damaged cartilage tissues,and the interaction or synergistic action of synovia constituents with articular cartilage have not yet been clarified.In this study,to examine the roles of synovia constituents and the importance of cartilage surface conditions,the changes in friction were observed in the reciprocating tests of intact and damaged articular cartilage specimens against glass plate lubricated with lubricants containing phospholipid,protein and/or hyaluronic acid as main constituents in synovial fluid.The effectiveness of lubricant constituents and the influence of cartilage surface conditions on friction are discussed.In addition,the protectiveness by synovia constituents for intact articular cartilage surfaces is evaluated.
基金The research was.carried out under the project JSPS/OF280,PE17046with financial support from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.This research was also supported by the project FSI-S-17-4415with financial support from the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic(MEYS).
文摘Hip joint replacements represent the most effective way of treatment for patients suffering from joint diseases.Despite the rapid improvement of implant materials over the last few decades,limited longevity associated with wear-related complications persists as the main drawback.Therefore,improved tribological perfor-mance is required in order to extend the service life of replacements.The effect of surface texturing of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)acetabular cup was investigated in the present study.Unique tilling method was utilized for manufacturing the dimples with controlled diameter and depths on the contact surface of the cup.The experiments with four commercial femoral components and two model lubricants were realized.The main attention was paid to a coefficient of friction considering the differences between the original and the dimpled cups.Results showed remarkable lowering of friction,in general.Focusing on the simulated human synovial fluid,friction was reduced by 40%(alumina ceramic),38.8%(zirconia toughened ceramic),25.5%(metal),and 9.9%(oxinium).In addition,the dimples helped to keep the friction stable without fluctuations.To conclude,the paper brings a new insight into frictional behaviour of the hip replacements during running-in phase which is essential for overall implant lifespan.It is believed that proper surface texturing may rapidly improve the life quality of millions of patients and may lead to considerable financial savings.
基金the Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)(KAKENHI:23000011)the Grant-in-Aid for Science Research of JSPS(KAKENHI:16H03170).
文摘The fibre-reinforced structure in synovial articular cartilage plays an important role in enhancing the fluid load support in the biphasic lubrication mechanism.Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)hydrogel is a potential biomimetic articular cartilage material.In this study,PVA hydrogel was reinforced with PVA fibres to improve its frictional properties.By computational analysis,the position of the PVA fibre layer was examined with a migrating contact condition to reduce the friction coefficient.To improve the fibre reinforcement,a method for fibre placement was developed to retain the initial strain of the fibre in the hydrogel matrix.The experimental results showed that the fibre-reinforced PVA hydrogel with a surface fibre layer had a low friction coefficient of 0.031 in pure water.The fibre-reinforced PVA hydrogel successfully reduced friction coefficient.
基金the Grant-in-Aid forSpecially Promoted Research of Japan Society for the Promotionof Science(JSPS)(KAKENHI:23000011)the Grant-in-Aidfor Science Research of JSPS(KAKENHI:16H03170).
文摘The soft hydrogel material is expected for a candidate material as biomimetic artificial cartilage with synergisticfunctionalities of adaptive multimode lubrication.In boundary lubrication mode of hydrogel material,the biphasiclubrication mechanism cooperatively exerts its functionality.In hydrodynamic lubrication mode,it is preferable that thelubricating surfaces be impermeable to trap the fluid pressure in contact surfaces,whereas the actual biphasic materiallike a hydrogel is a permeable material with surface porosity.lt is indicated that the interstitial fluid pressurisation inthe permeable biphasic material can contribute to significant fluid load support under lower sliding speed condition.So,the authors examined how the contrary fluid pressure effect appears in the transition from the boundarylubrication mode to soft elastohydrodynamic lubrication mode.In the experiment,a small pressure sensor was utilisedto measure the in-situ fluid pressure in sliding condition.Although the experimental condition of this study wasselective,the result showed a possibility of the negative effect of the biphasic surface,in which the permeable surfacediminished the hydrodynamic fluid pressure.This means that one should manage and enhance the biphasic lubricationabilities in wide operation range when the hydrogel material was used as a load bearing material.
文摘Erratum to Friction 1(2):150-162(2013)DOI 10.1007/s40544‐013‐0010‐6 The original version of this article unfortunately contained the incorrect lengend“HA 0.5 wt%+DPPC 0.01 wt%+albumin 1.4 wt%”in Fig.7 on page 155,instead of.
基金This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No.JP25120509‘Innovative Materials Engineering Based on Biological Diversity’.
文摘In this study,the adhesion-detachment behaviour of a gecko-inspired adhesive pad was investigated to understand the on/off switching mechanisms of adhesion in gecko feet.A macroscopic spatula model was fabricated using silicone rubber,and adhesion tests combining lateral sliding and vertical debonding were conducted.It was observed that the contact state and the adhesion force of the pad vary considerably with the direction of lateral sliding prior to debonding,and that the pad achieves adhesion during debonding even when it loses contact due to excess lateral sliding.These results explain the mech-anisms behind the on/off switching and stable adhesion of gecko feet,and suggest the possibility of developing new-generation adhesives capable of switchable adhesion.
基金support was given by the Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research(A)of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(21H04535).
文摘The boundary lubrication mechanism at the articulating surface of natural synovial joints has been the subject of much discussion in tribology.In this study,to elucidate the lubricating function of the superficial area of articular cartilage and synovial fluid(SF),cartilage specimens were processed with four different treatments:gentle and severe washing with detergent,incubation in NaCl solution,and trypsin digestion to selectively remove certain constituents from the cartilage surface.Subsequently,the frictional characteristics were examined in phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)and SF against glass.Angularly reciprocating sliding tests with a spherical glass probe and square articular cartilage specimens were performed at low contact loads in the mN range to extract the frictional behavior in the superficial area of the cartilage specimens.Meanwhile,the cartilage surface was observed to confirm the effects of treatments on the morphology of the cartilage surface using a fluorescence microscope and water-immersion methods.The coefficient of friction(COF)of the prepared cartilage specimens was varied from 0.05 to over 0.3 in PBS.However,a certain group of cartilage specimens exhibited a low COF of less than 0.1 with limited variation.For the low COF group of specimens,all four treatments increased the COF in PBS to different extents,and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the integrity of the cartilage surface was deteriorated by treatments.This means that the intact cartilage surface had lubricating constituents to maintain low friction,and the removal of such constituents resulted in the loss of the intrinsic boundary lubricity of the cartilage surface.The variation in the COF of the cartilage specimens was suppressed in SF because it had a clear boundary lubrication effect on the cartilage surface.The lubricating effect of SF could be confirmed even after degenerative treatment.