Efficacies of Different Methods of Teaching Transcultural Nursing Practice in China

Purpose： This study assessed the effectiveness of three teaching methods for developing cultural competency based upon Leininger＇s theoretical framework with nursing students in China： case studies, traditional didactic learning, and self-directed learning. These methods were used in tran- scultural nursing teaching practices to identify the method that resulted in the greatest improve- ments in the nursing student＇s understanding and clinical application of transcultural nursing. Methods： The Transcultural Nursing Questionnaire（TNQ） was used for pre-and post-test comparisons of all participants in four areas of cultural knowledge and the Evaluation of Transcultural Nursing Competency（ETNC） was applied via role-play to evaluate the cultural competency of 120 of the 305 participants from three general hospitals in the PuDong New District, Shanghai, China. Individual transcultural nursing courses that focused on case study, traditional didactic or self-di- rected methods persisted for four months in three hospitals. Results： Statistical analyses of the cognitive scores of the participants in the transcultural nursing courses revealed a significant difference（P〈0.01） between scores collected before and after the teaching with the three methods. Comparisons of the three hospitals revealed that the scores for transcultural nursing cognition and simulating service assessment were significantly different（P〈0.01） for the case study nursing students. The scores of the students who were taught with the traditional didactic and self-directed methods were not significantly different across the three hospitals（P〉0.05）. Conclusion： The results revealed that the case study, traditional didactic and self-directed method effectively improved the transcultural nursing cognitive levels of the nursing students. The case study method appeared to be the most effective approach based upon the TNQ pre-and post-tests and the ETNC cultural competency scores.

Cultural competence of nurses in Pudong New Area,Shanghai:a mixed-method study

Objective:Cultural competence has gradually attracted attention from many countries,including China.This study was undertaken to determine the cultural competence of registered nurses in Shanghai,China,and to identify the cultural competence among registered nurses in Pudong New Area,Shanghai.Methods:Qualitative interviews were conducted in combination with a quantitative survey.Fifteen clinical nurses were interviewed,and 1088 clinical nurses were recruited for the survey with cultural competence scale for registered nurses,based on the results of the qualitative and quantitative studies.Results:The overall level of cultural competence among registered nurses in Shanghai's Pudong New Area was moderate.Among the seven dimensions,cultural encounter had the highest score,followed by cultural practice,cultural awareness,cultural desire,cultural skill,cultural experience,and cultural knowledge.Age,level of hospital care,mastery of secondary level,and studying overseas were the influencing factors.Conclusions:Hospitals and universities should be aware of the importance of studying cultural competence.Cultural competencerelated courses should be increased,and various forms of training should be undertaken to enhance the interest of nurses.