背景与目的肿瘤微环境是肿瘤细胞赖以生存的复杂环境。其中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs)、肿瘤新生血管及程序性死亡受体1/程序性死亡受体-配体1(programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligan...背景与目的肿瘤微环境是肿瘤细胞赖以生存的复杂环境。其中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs)、肿瘤新生血管及程序性死亡受体1/程序性死亡受体-配体1(programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-1/PD-L1)作为关键部分,在肿瘤发生、发展过程中起重要作用,影响患者预后。本研究旨在阐明TAMs、肿瘤新生血管和PD-L1的表达与非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)临床病理特征的相关性,并探讨它们对NSCLC预后的影响。方法收集92例NSCLC患者的临床病理资料及手术标本,采用免疫组化法检测癌组织和癌旁组织中TAMs、肿瘤新生血管和PD-L1的表达,采用配备有Olympus-DP72图像采集系统的OlympusBX51正置显微镜进行拍照并用Image-pro Plus 6.0软件进行半定量分析。结果癌组织与癌旁组织中TA Ms、肿瘤新生血管和PD-L1的表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。根据肿瘤微环境中各组分的定量表达,可将其分为低、中、高表达组。癌组织中TAMs的低、中和高密度组的中位总生存(overall survival,OS)分别是36个月(95%CI:25.3-46.7)、26个月(95%CI:12.2-39.8)和16个月(95%CI:9.4-22.6),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.016);肿瘤新生血管的低、中和高密度组的中位OS分别为30个月(95%CI:22.5-37.5)、28个月(95%CI:18.1-37.9)和25个月(95%CI:14.6-35.4),差异无统计学意义(P=0.626);PD-L1的低、中和高表达组的中位OS分别为35个月(95%CI:29.4-40.6),28个月(95%CI:13.6-42.4)和17个月(95%CI:10.5-23.5),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.002)。联合低、中和高表达组的中位OS分别为36个月(95%CI:30.6-41.4)、26个月(95%CI:19.2-32.8)和9个月(95%CI:4.4-13.6),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.001)。Cox回归分析结果显示,病理分型、TAMs和PD-L1均为肺癌患者的独立预后因素。结论肿瘤微环境关键成分PD-L1及TAMs的表达与NSCLC患者的预后密切相关。展开更多
Collecting microscale water droplets suspended in the wind,that is,fog,using permeable surfaces is a promising solution to the worldwide problem of water scarcity and is of great interest to industries,such as mist el...Collecting microscale water droplets suspended in the wind,that is,fog,using permeable surfaces is a promising solution to the worldwide problem of water scarcity and is of great interest to industries,such as mist elimination and recapturing water in cooling towers.In the past few decades,this topic has attracted a drastically increasing number of researchers across a wide range of subjects.However,many aspects remain unclear,such as the definition and process of fog collection,fog collection determined from the perspectives of both the fog capture process and the liquid transport process,and how surface characteristics affect fog collection performance.In this review,we introduce and discuss fog collection from the perspectives of aerodynamics-governed fog-capturing processes and interfacial-phenomena-determined liquid transport processes.Then,an emphasis is given to the design and engineering of permeable surfaces at different length scales to optimize the fog collection performance,including the dimension,morphology,and arrangement of wires at the millimetric scale,unidirectional spreading,and Laplace pressure gradient induced by asymmetric surface geometry and nano-/microstructures.At last,a brief outlook of future research directions is provided.展开更多
文摘背景与目的肿瘤微环境是肿瘤细胞赖以生存的复杂环境。其中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs)、肿瘤新生血管及程序性死亡受体1/程序性死亡受体-配体1(programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-1/PD-L1)作为关键部分,在肿瘤发生、发展过程中起重要作用,影响患者预后。本研究旨在阐明TAMs、肿瘤新生血管和PD-L1的表达与非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)临床病理特征的相关性,并探讨它们对NSCLC预后的影响。方法收集92例NSCLC患者的临床病理资料及手术标本,采用免疫组化法检测癌组织和癌旁组织中TAMs、肿瘤新生血管和PD-L1的表达,采用配备有Olympus-DP72图像采集系统的OlympusBX51正置显微镜进行拍照并用Image-pro Plus 6.0软件进行半定量分析。结果癌组织与癌旁组织中TA Ms、肿瘤新生血管和PD-L1的表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。根据肿瘤微环境中各组分的定量表达,可将其分为低、中、高表达组。癌组织中TAMs的低、中和高密度组的中位总生存(overall survival,OS)分别是36个月(95%CI:25.3-46.7)、26个月(95%CI:12.2-39.8)和16个月(95%CI:9.4-22.6),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.016);肿瘤新生血管的低、中和高密度组的中位OS分别为30个月(95%CI:22.5-37.5)、28个月(95%CI:18.1-37.9)和25个月(95%CI:14.6-35.4),差异无统计学意义(P=0.626);PD-L1的低、中和高表达组的中位OS分别为35个月(95%CI:29.4-40.6),28个月(95%CI:13.6-42.4)和17个月(95%CI:10.5-23.5),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.002)。联合低、中和高表达组的中位OS分别为36个月(95%CI:30.6-41.4)、26个月(95%CI:19.2-32.8)和9个月(95%CI:4.4-13.6),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.001)。Cox回归分析结果显示,病理分型、TAMs和PD-L1均为肺癌患者的独立预后因素。结论肿瘤微环境关键成分PD-L1及TAMs的表达与NSCLC患者的预后密切相关。
基金Water Collaboration Seed Funds Program of the Northwestern Center for Water Research。
文摘Collecting microscale water droplets suspended in the wind,that is,fog,using permeable surfaces is a promising solution to the worldwide problem of water scarcity and is of great interest to industries,such as mist elimination and recapturing water in cooling towers.In the past few decades,this topic has attracted a drastically increasing number of researchers across a wide range of subjects.However,many aspects remain unclear,such as the definition and process of fog collection,fog collection determined from the perspectives of both the fog capture process and the liquid transport process,and how surface characteristics affect fog collection performance.In this review,we introduce and discuss fog collection from the perspectives of aerodynamics-governed fog-capturing processes and interfacial-phenomena-determined liquid transport processes.Then,an emphasis is given to the design and engineering of permeable surfaces at different length scales to optimize the fog collection performance,including the dimension,morphology,and arrangement of wires at the millimetric scale,unidirectional spreading,and Laplace pressure gradient induced by asymmetric surface geometry and nano-/microstructures.At last,a brief outlook of future research directions is provided.
