Cystoid macular edema(CME) is the abnormal collection of intraretinal fluid in the macular region, especially in the inner nuclear and outer plexiform layers. CME leads to severe visual impairment in patients with var...Cystoid macular edema(CME) is the abnormal collection of intraretinal fluid in the macular region, especially in the inner nuclear and outer plexiform layers. CME leads to severe visual impairment in patients with various retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular occlusion, choroidal neovascularization, and uveitis. Although various retinal conditions lead to CME, a shared pathogenesis of CME is involved in these diseases. Accordingly, the pathogenesis of CME based on vasogenic mechanisms is first discussed in this review, including vascular hyperpermeability, leukostasis, and inflammation. We then describe cytotoxic mechanisms based on retinal Müller cell dysfunction. This comprehensive review will provide an understanding of the pathogenesis of CME for potential therapeutic strategies.展开更多
AIM: To isolate the chemical constituents from the fruits of Hovenia acerba. METHODS: Compounds were isolated with stratography and solvent,and their structures were identified by spectroscopy. RESULTS: Five compounds...AIM: To isolate the chemical constituents from the fruits of Hovenia acerba. METHODS: Compounds were isolated with stratography and solvent,and their structures were identified by spectroscopy. RESULTS: Five compounds were identified as β-sitoseterol, betulin,3β-hydroxy olean-18(19)-en-28-oic acid, 2α,3β-dihydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid and daucosterol. CONCLUSION: The five compounds were obtained from Hovenia Thunb. for the frist time.展开更多
Nephropathy secondary to BK virus, a member of the Papoviridae family of viruses, has been recognized for some time as an important cause of allograft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients. In recent times, BK ne...Nephropathy secondary to BK virus, a member of the Papoviridae family of viruses, has been recognized for some time as an important cause of allograft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients. In recent times, BK nephropathy(BKN) of the native kidneys has being increasingly recognized as a cause of chronic kidney disease in patients with solid organ transplants, bone marrow transplants and in patients with other clinical entities associated with immunosuppression. In such patients renal dysfunction is often attributed to other factors including nephrotoxicity of medications used to prevent rejection of the transplanted organs. Renal biopsy is required for the diagnosis of BKN. Quantitation of the BK viral load in blood and urine are surrogate diagnostic methods. The treatment of BKN is based on reduction of the immunosuppressive medications. Several compounds have shown antiviral activity, but have not consistently shown to have beneficial effects in BKN. In addition to BKN, BK viral infection can cause severe urinary bladder cystitis, ureteritis and urinary tract obstruction as well as manifestations in other organ systems including the central nervous system, the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal system and the hematopoietic system. BK viral infection has also been implicated in tumorigenesis. The spectrum of clinical manifestations from BK infection and infection from other members of the Papoviridae family is widening. Prevention and treatment of BK infection and infections from other Papovaviruses are subjects of intense research.展开更多
The development of drug-resistant influenza and new pathogenic virus strains underscores the need for antiviral therapeutics.Currently,neuraminidase(NA)inhibitors are commonly used antiviral drugs approved by the US F...The development of drug-resistant influenza and new pathogenic virus strains underscores the need for antiviral therapeutics.Currently,neuraminidase(NA)inhibitors are commonly used antiviral drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)for the prevention and treatment of influenza.Here,we show that vitisin B(VB)inhibits NA activity and suppresses H1N1 viral replication in MDCK and A549 cells.Reactive oxygen species(ROS),which frequently occur during viral infection,increase virus replication by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway,downmodulating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)expression,and decreasing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2(Nrf2)antioxidant response activity.VB decreased virus-induced ROS generation by increasing G6PD expression and Nrf2 activity,and inhibiting NF-κB translocation to the nucleus through IKK dephosphorylation.In addition,VB reduced body weight loss,increased survival,decreased viral replication and the inflammatory response in the lungs of influenza A virus(IAV)-infected mice.Taken together,our results indicate that VB is a promising therapeutic candidate against IAV infection,complements existing drug limitations targeting viral NA.It modulated the intracellular ROS by G6PD,Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway,and NF-κB signaling pathway.These results demonstrate the feasibility of a multi-targeting drug strategy,providing new approaches for drug discovery against IAV infection.展开更多
In this paper, some new generalizations of inverse type Hilbert-Pachpatte integral inequalities are proved. The results of this paper reduce to those of Pachpatte (1998, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 226, 166–179) and Zhao an...In this paper, some new generalizations of inverse type Hilbert-Pachpatte integral inequalities are proved. The results of this paper reduce to those of Pachpatte (1998, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 226, 166–179) and Zhao and Debnath (2001, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 262, 411–418).展开更多
基金Supported by Basic Science Research Program through the NRF funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2017R1D1A1A02018439)
文摘Cystoid macular edema(CME) is the abnormal collection of intraretinal fluid in the macular region, especially in the inner nuclear and outer plexiform layers. CME leads to severe visual impairment in patients with various retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular occlusion, choroidal neovascularization, and uveitis. Although various retinal conditions lead to CME, a shared pathogenesis of CME is involved in these diseases. Accordingly, the pathogenesis of CME based on vasogenic mechanisms is first discussed in this review, including vascular hyperpermeability, leukostasis, and inflammation. We then describe cytotoxic mechanisms based on retinal Müller cell dysfunction. This comprehensive review will provide an understanding of the pathogenesis of CME for potential therapeutic strategies.
文摘AIM: To isolate the chemical constituents from the fruits of Hovenia acerba. METHODS: Compounds were isolated with stratography and solvent,and their structures were identified by spectroscopy. RESULTS: Five compounds were identified as β-sitoseterol, betulin,3β-hydroxy olean-18(19)-en-28-oic acid, 2α,3β-dihydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid and daucosterol. CONCLUSION: The five compounds were obtained from Hovenia Thunb. for the frist time.
文摘Nephropathy secondary to BK virus, a member of the Papoviridae family of viruses, has been recognized for some time as an important cause of allograft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients. In recent times, BK nephropathy(BKN) of the native kidneys has being increasingly recognized as a cause of chronic kidney disease in patients with solid organ transplants, bone marrow transplants and in patients with other clinical entities associated with immunosuppression. In such patients renal dysfunction is often attributed to other factors including nephrotoxicity of medications used to prevent rejection of the transplanted organs. Renal biopsy is required for the diagnosis of BKN. Quantitation of the BK viral load in blood and urine are surrogate diagnostic methods. The treatment of BKN is based on reduction of the immunosuppressive medications. Several compounds have shown antiviral activity, but have not consistently shown to have beneficial effects in BKN. In addition to BKN, BK viral infection can cause severe urinary bladder cystitis, ureteritis and urinary tract obstruction as well as manifestations in other organ systems including the central nervous system, the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal system and the hematopoietic system. BK viral infection has also been implicated in tumorigenesis. The spectrum of clinical manifestations from BK infection and infection from other members of the Papoviridae family is widening. Prevention and treatment of BK infection and infections from other Papovaviruses are subjects of intense research.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded 2021R1A2C2094436 and 2020R1C1C1006749the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine grant number KSN2022230 provided by the Ministry of Science and ICT,Korea。
文摘The development of drug-resistant influenza and new pathogenic virus strains underscores the need for antiviral therapeutics.Currently,neuraminidase(NA)inhibitors are commonly used antiviral drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)for the prevention and treatment of influenza.Here,we show that vitisin B(VB)inhibits NA activity and suppresses H1N1 viral replication in MDCK and A549 cells.Reactive oxygen species(ROS),which frequently occur during viral infection,increase virus replication by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway,downmodulating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)expression,and decreasing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2(Nrf2)antioxidant response activity.VB decreased virus-induced ROS generation by increasing G6PD expression and Nrf2 activity,and inhibiting NF-κB translocation to the nucleus through IKK dephosphorylation.In addition,VB reduced body weight loss,increased survival,decreased viral replication and the inflammatory response in the lungs of influenza A virus(IAV)-infected mice.Taken together,our results indicate that VB is a promising therapeutic candidate against IAV infection,complements existing drug limitations targeting viral NA.It modulated the intracellular ROS by G6PD,Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway,and NF-κB signaling pathway.These results demonstrate the feasibility of a multi-targeting drug strategy,providing new approaches for drug discovery against IAV infection.
文摘In this paper, some new generalizations of inverse type Hilbert-Pachpatte integral inequalities are proved. The results of this paper reduce to those of Pachpatte (1998, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 226, 166–179) and Zhao and Debnath (2001, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 262, 411–418).
